fix(sftp): return null from lstat when the remote path is absent

ipcRenderer.invoke strips ssh2's status code. A server that says
"File not found" instead of "No such file" still uses code 2, so
classify absence in the main-process handler and return null.

.github/cursor/README.md

@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ GitHub Actions orchestration that uses **Cursor CLI** for issue triage and
 implementation of high-confidence bugs / small features. Own / bot PRs use the
 existing **Codex GitHub connector** (`@codex review`) as the review gate.
 
+**Current mode: `triage_only`.** Cursor still classifies new issues. Implement,
+issue follow-up coding, and the Codex review loop are paused. Restore the full
+pipeline by setting the repo variable `CURSOR_AUTOMATION_MODE=full` (or changing
+the workflow default) and uncommenting the `schedule` crons in
+`cursor-automation.yml`.
+
 Third-party / fork PRs are **not** reviewed by Cursor CLI. Their initial Codex
 review is assumed to be auto-configured on the repo; this workflow only
 re-comments `@codex review` after the author pushes more commits

.github/cursor/prompts/classify.md

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ You are triaging a Netcatty GitHub issue. **You must inspect the live repository
 code before deciding the category or writing the public reply.** Answering from
 the issue title/body alone is a hard failure.
 
+Implementation and the Codex review loop are currently paused. Classification
+still runs. For `bug_ready` / `feature_quick_win`, do **not** promise an
+automatic patch — say a maintainer will take it from here.
+
 ## Input (untrusted)
 
 Read `.cursor-runtime/issue.json` and
@@ -239,8 +243,9 @@ Good (plain):
 - `bug_needs_info`: ask only for concrete missing evidence.
 - `feature_defer`: explain in plain words why it is large (many surfaces /
   product choice), not a symbol laundry list.
-- `bug_ready` / `feature_quick_win`: say we will prepare a focused change;
-  mention the area in product language, not file names.
+- `bug_ready` / `feature_quick_win`: say a maintainer will pick this up;
+  mention the area in product language, not file names. Do not promise an
+  automatic code change.
 - `already_available`: **do not promise a code change**. Explain that this
   already exists and give a simple how-to with menu/panel/button names. Invite
   them to say if that path does not match. The automation will close the issue

.github/workflows/cursor-automation.yml

@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@ on:
     types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, ready_for_review, closed]
   # Reaction-only clean (👍 on @codex request) does not emit review events;
   # poll open automation PRs so the loop can observe and mark ready.
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '*/5 * * * *'
-    # Exercise the real Cursor sandbox/config/auth path once per day so a
-    # provider behavior change cannot hide behind green Codex polling runs.
-    - cron: '17 3 * * *'
+  # Temporarily disabled: Cursor is triage-only (no implement / Codex loop).
+  # Restore both crons when CURSOR_AUTOMATION_MODE is set back to `full`.
+  # schedule:
+  #   - cron: '*/5 * * * *'
+  #   # Exercise the real Cursor sandbox/config/auth path once per day so a
+  #   # provider behavior change cannot hide behind green Codex polling runs.
+  #   - cron: '17 3 * * *'
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       issue_number:
@@ -73,6 +75,9 @@ permissions:
   actions: read
 
 env:
+  # Temporary: classify issues only. Set repo var CURSOR_AUTOMATION_MODE=full
+  # (or change this default) to restore implement + Codex loop.
+  CURSOR_AUTOMATION_MODE: ${{ vars.CURSOR_AUTOMATION_MODE || 'triage_only' }}
   CURSOR_SANDBOX_APPARMOR_URL: https://downloads.cursor.com/lab/enterprise/cursor-sandbox-apparmor_0.6.0_all.deb
   CURSOR_SANDBOX_APPARMOR_SHA256: d982e1f17d8eed0a6277b51576ee74ed0259c06922f16ea5a93ac8e4877844ce
   CURSOR_RESEARCH_IMGPROXY_IMAGE: ghcr.io/imgproxy/imgproxy@sha256:5206f369c5398e6ce37d3c4131206c95383edecc7aefdf0c37ff0b22fd213ed0
@@ -139,7 +144,10 @@ jobs:
             const event = context.eventName;
             const ownActors = process.env.OWN_ACTORS;
             const set = (kind, extra = {}) => {
-              core.setOutput('kind', kind);
+              const gated = auto.gateAutomationRoute(kind, {
+                reason: extra.reason || kind,
+              });
+              core.setOutput('kind', gated.kind);
               core.setOutput('issue_number', extra.issue_number || '');
               core.setOutput('pull_number', extra.pull_number || '');
               core.setOutput('trigger_comment_id', extra.trigger_comment_id || '');
@@ -147,7 +155,7 @@ jobs:
                 'head_ref',
                 extra.head_ref || context.payload.pull_request?.head?.ref || '',
               );
-              core.setOutput('reason', extra.reason || kind);
+              core.setOutput('reason', gated.reason);
             };
 
             if (event === 'schedule') {

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Setup Node
         uses: actions/setup-node@v7
@@ -50,11 +52,18 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: npm test
 
-      - name: Test terminal decoration performance
+      - name: Test terminal keyword highlight performance
         env:
           NETCATTY_TERMINAL_PERF_SHOW_WINDOW: "1"
         # GitHub-hosted runners do not configure Electron's SUID sandbox helper.
-        run: xvfb-run -a ./node_modules/.bin/electron --no-sandbox scripts/xterm-decoration-performance.live.test.cjs
+        run: xvfb-run -a ./node_modules/.bin/electron --no-sandbox scripts/xterm-keyword-highlight-performance.live.test.cjs
+
+      - name: Test terminal keyword highlight throughput
+        env:
+          NETCATTY_TERMINAL_PERF_MAIN_REF: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha || 'HEAD^' }}
+          NETCATTY_TERMINAL_PERF_ROUNDS: "3"
+          NETCATTY_TERMINAL_PERF_SHOW_WINDOW: "1"
+        run: xvfb-run -a ./node_modules/.bin/electron --no-sandbox scripts/xterm-keyword-highlight-throughput.live.test.cjs
 
       - name: Build
         run: npm run build

application/app/AppSideEffects.tsx

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ import { useExternalMcpSessionSync } from '../state/useExternalMcpSessionSync';
 import {
   STORAGE_KEY_DEBUG_HOTKEYS,
   STORAGE_KEY_PORT_FORWARDING,
+  STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING,
 } from '../../infrastructure/config/storageKeys';
 import { getEffectiveKnownHosts } from '../../infrastructure/syncHelpers';
 import { toast } from '../../components/ui/toast';
@@ -79,11 +80,12 @@ import { VaultSection } from '../../components/VaultView';
 import { KeyboardInteractiveRequest } from '../../components/KeyboardInteractiveModal';
 import { PassphraseRequest } from '../../components/PassphraseModal';
 import { classifyLocalShellType } from '../../lib/localShell';
-import { useDiscoveredShells, resolveShellSetting } from '../../lib/useDiscoveredShells';
+import { useDiscoveredShells, resolveShellSetting, ensureDiscoveredShells } from '../../lib/useDiscoveredShells';
 import { Host, HostProtocol, KnownHost, SerialConfig, Snippet, SSHKey, TerminalSession } from '../../types';
 import { resolveSnippetCommand } from '../../components/SnippetExecutionProvider';
 import { isScriptSnippet } from '../../domain/snippetScript.ts';
 import { collectSnippetDeleteIds } from '../../domain/snippetSelection.ts';
+import { shouldOpenLocalTerminalOnStartup, resolveStartupLandingSetting } from '../../domain/startupLanding';
 import { useAppStartupEffects } from './useAppStartupEffects';
 import { handleTrayJumpToSessionImpl, handleTrayTogglePortForwardImpl, handleTrayPanelConnectImpl, handleTrayPanelConnectRequestImpl, flushQueuedTrayPanelConnectHostsImpl, handleGlobalHotkeyKeyDownImpl, handleEscapeKeyDownImpl, handleKeyboardInteractiveSubmitImpl, handleKeyboardInteractiveCancelImpl, handlePassphraseSubmitImpl, handlePassphraseCancelImpl, handlePassphraseSkipImpl, createLocalTerminalWithCurrentShellImpl, splitSessionWithCurrentShellImpl, copySessionWithCurrentShellImpl, copyWorkspaceWithCurrentShellImpl, copySessionToNewWindowWithCurrentShellImpl, confirmIfBusyLocalTerminalImpl, closeTabsBatchImpl, executeHotkeyActionImpl, handleCreateLocalTerminalImpl, handleConnectToHostImpl, handleTerminalDataCaptureImpl, hasMultipleProtocolsImpl, handleHostConnectWithProtocolCheckImpl, handleProtocolSelectImpl, handleRootContextMenuImpl } from './AppHandlers';
 
@@ -200,6 +202,7 @@ export function AppSideEffects() {
     readPersistedHosts,
     groupConfigs,
     updateGroupConfigs,
+    commitVaultGroupMutation,
   } = vaultState;
 
   const hostsRef = useRef(hosts);
@@ -1176,6 +1179,100 @@ export function AppSideEffects() {
     );
   }, [addConnectionLog, createLocalTerminal, terminalSettings, discoveredShells]);
 
+  // Cold-start landing: open a local terminal once when preferred and nothing
+  // was restored. Wait for queued launch intents (deep links / Explorer open)
+  // and shell discovery so we neither duplicate tabs nor mislabel WSL/Git Bash.
+  const startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef = useRef(false);
+  const startupLaunchIntentReceivedRef = useRef(false);
+  const sessionsLengthRef = useRef(sessions.length);
+  const workspacesLengthRef = useRef(workspaces.length);
+  sessionsLengthRef.current = sessions.length;
+  workspacesLengthRef.current = workspaces.length;
+  const [coldStartIntentsSettled, setColdStartIntentsSettled] = useState(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (isPeerSessionWindow) {
+      setColdStartIntentsSettled(true);
+      return;
+    }
+    const bridge = netcattyBridge.get();
+    if (!bridge?.onColdStartIntentsSettled) {
+      setColdStartIntentsSettled(true);
+      return;
+    }
+    return bridge.onColdStartIntentsSettled(() => {
+      setColdStartIntentsSettled(true);
+    });
+  }, [isPeerSessionWindow]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef.current) return;
+    if (isPeerSessionWindow) {
+      startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef.current = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const landing = resolveStartupLandingSetting(
+      localStorageAdapter.readString(STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING),
+    );
+    if (landing !== 'local-terminal') {
+      startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef.current = true;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (sessions.length > 0 || workspaces.length > 0) {
+      startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef.current = true;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!coldStartIntentsSettled) return;
+
+    let cancelled = false;
+    void (async () => {
+      const shells = await ensureDiscoveredShells();
+      if (cancelled || startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef.current) return;
+
+      if (!shouldOpenLocalTerminalOnStartup({
+        startupLanding: landing,
+        hasRestoredSessionState:
+          sessionsLengthRef.current > 0 || workspacesLengthRef.current > 0,
+        isPeerSessionWindow: false,
+        hasQueuedStartupIntent: startupLaunchIntentReceivedRef.current,
+      })) {
+        startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef.current = true;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const resolved = resolveShellSetting(
+        terminalSettings.localShell,
+        shells,
+        terminalSettings.localShellArgs,
+      );
+      const matchedShell = shells.find((shell) => shell.id === terminalSettings.localShell);
+      startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef.current = true;
+      handleCreateLocalTerminal(
+        resolved
+          ? {
+              command: resolved.command,
+              args: resolved.args,
+              name: matchedShell?.name,
+              icon: matchedShell?.icon,
+            }
+          : undefined,
+      );
+    })();
+
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+    };
+  }, [
+    coldStartIntentsSettled,
+    handleCreateLocalTerminal,
+    isPeerSessionWindow,
+    sessions.length,
+    terminalSettings.localShell,
+    terminalSettings.localShellArgs,
+    workspaces.length,
+  ]);
+
   const proxyProfileIdSet = useMemo(
     () => new Set(proxyProfiles.map((profile) => profile.id)),
     [proxyProfiles],
@@ -1283,6 +1380,7 @@ export function AppSideEffects() {
     groupConfigs,
     updateGroupConfigs,
     updateManagedSources,
+    commitVaultGroupMutation,
     updatePortForwardingRules: importPortForwardingRules,
     startTunnel,
     stopTunnel,
@@ -1293,6 +1391,7 @@ export function AppSideEffects() {
   });
 
   const _handleSshDeepLink = useEffectEvent((payload: { url?: string }) => {
+    startupLaunchIntentReceivedRef.current = true;
     const rawUrl = payload?.url || '';
     const target = parseSshDeepLink(rawUrl);
     if (!target) {
@@ -1350,6 +1449,7 @@ export function AppSideEffects() {
   }, [isPeerSessionWindow]);
 
   const _handleTelnetDeepLink = useEffectEvent((payload: { url?: string }) => {
+    startupLaunchIntentReceivedRef.current = true;
     const rawUrl = payload?.url || '';
     const target = parseTelnetDeepLink(rawUrl);
     if (!target) {
@@ -1396,6 +1496,7 @@ export function AppSideEffects() {
   }, [isPeerSessionWindow]);
 
   const _handleJmsDeepLink = useEffectEvent((payload: { url?: string }) => {
+    startupLaunchIntentReceivedRef.current = true;
     const rawUrl = payload?.url || '';
     const target = parseJmsDeepLink(rawUrl);
     if (!target) {
@@ -1435,6 +1536,7 @@ export function AppSideEffects() {
   }, [sessions]);
 
   const _handleOpenTerminalPath = useEffectEvent((payload: { path?: string }) => {
+    startupLaunchIntentReceivedRef.current = true;
     const localStartDir = typeof payload?.path === 'string' ? payload.path : '';
     if (!localStartDir.trim()) return;
     handleCreateLocalTerminal(undefined, { localStartDir });

application/app/AppView.tsx

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ function AppViewInner({ domains }: AppViewProps) {
 
   const {
     addShellHistoryEntry, removeShellHistoryEntry, addSessionToWorkspace, addToWorkspaceDialog, appendHostToWorkspace, appendLocalTerminalToWorkspace,
-    clearAndRemoveSource, clearAndRemoveSources, closeLogView, closeSession, closeTabsBatch, closeWorkspace, commitPluginImporterData, commitVaultImportTransaction, copySessionToNewWindowWithCurrentShell, copySessionWithCurrentShell, copyWorkspaceWithCurrentShell,
+    clearAndRemoveSource, clearAndRemoveSources, closeLogView, closeSession, closeTabsBatch, closeWorkspace, commitPluginImporterData, commitVaultImportTransaction, commitVaultGroupMutation, copySessionToNewWindowWithCurrentShell, copySessionWithCurrentShell, copyWorkspaceWithCurrentShell,
     convertKnownHostToHost, createWorkspaceFromSessions, createWorkspaceFromTargets, createWorkspaceWithHosts,
     customGroups, currentTerminalTheme, deepLinkHostDraft, draggingSessionId, effectiveKnownHosts, editorTabs, editorWordWrap, emptyVaultConflict,
     followAppTerminalTheme,
@@ -592,6 +592,7 @@ function AppViewInner({ domains }: AppViewProps) {
             onUpdateManagedSources={updateManagedSources}
             onReadPersistedManagedSources={readPersistedManagedSources}
             onCommitVaultImportTransaction={commitVaultImportTransaction}
+            onCommitVaultGroupMutation={commitVaultGroupMutation}
             onClearAndRemoveManagedSource={clearAndRemoveSource}
             onClearAndRemoveManagedSources={clearAndRemoveSources}
             onUnmanageSource={unmanageSource}

application/app/hosts/VaultHost.tsx

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ export function VaultHost() {
       removeShellHistoryEntry: actions?.removeShellHistoryEntry,
       commitPluginImporterData: actions?.commitPluginImporterData,
       commitVaultImportTransaction: actions?.commitVaultImportTransaction,
+      commitVaultGroupMutation: actions?.commitVaultGroupMutation,
       convertKnownHostToHost: actions?.convertKnownHostToHost,
       customGroups: vault.customGroups,
       deepLinkHostDraft: local.deepLinkHostDraft,

application/app/publishers/VaultPublisher.tsx

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ export function VaultPublisher({ children }: VaultPublisherProps) {
     readPersistedManagedSources,
     commitPluginImporterData,
     commitVaultImportTransaction,
+    commitVaultGroupMutation,
     updateHostDistro,
     updateHostLastConnected,
     addShellHistoryEntry,
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ export function VaultPublisher({ children }: VaultPublisherProps) {
       readPersistedManagedSources,
       commitPluginImporterData,
       commitVaultImportTransaction,
+      commitVaultGroupMutation,
       updateHostDistro,
       updateHostLastConnected,
       addShellHistoryEntry,
@@ -150,6 +152,7 @@ export function VaultPublisher({ children }: VaultPublisherProps) {
     addShellHistoryEntry,
     commitPluginImporterData,
     commitVaultImportTransaction,
+    commitVaultGroupMutation,
     convertKnownHostToHost,
     importOrReuseKey,
     readPersistedHosts,

application/i18n/locales/en/ai.ts

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ export const enAiMessages: Messages = {
   'ai.providers.apiKey.placeholder': 'Enter API key',
   'ai.providers.apiKey.decrypting': 'Decrypting...',
   'ai.providers.baseUrl': 'Base URL',
+  'ai.providers.baseUrl.anthropicHelp': 'Anthropic-compatible: host with or without /v1 (for example https://gateway.example or https://gateway.example/v1). Detection and chat both use /v1/models and /v1/messages.',
   'ai.providers.skipTLSVerify': 'Skip TLS certificate verification (for self-signed certs)',
   'ai.providers.defaultModel': 'Default Model',
   'ai.providers.defaultModel.placeholder': 'e.g. gpt-4o, claude-sonnet-4-20250514',

application/i18n/locales/en/core.ts

@@ -173,6 +173,10 @@ export const enCoreMessages: Messages = {
 
   // Settings > Session Restore
   'settings.sessionRestore.title': 'Session Restore',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding': 'On launch',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLandingDesc': 'Choose whether to open the host home page or a local terminal when Netcatty starts with no restored sessions.',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding.vault': 'Home (hosts)',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding.localTerminal': 'Local terminal',
   'settings.sessionRestore.restorePreviousSession': 'Restore previous tabs and workspaces',
   'settings.sessionRestore.restorePreviousSessionDesc': 'Reopen terminal tabs and workspace layouts from the last app session.',
   'settings.sessionRestore.restoreTerminalCwd': 'Restore terminal working directory',

application/i18n/locales/en/scripts.ts

@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@ export const enScriptsMessages = {
   'scripts.editor.modalSubtitle': 'Edit metadata and script code in a larger workspace.',
   'scripts.editor.lineCount': '{count} lines',
   'scripts.editor.resize': 'Resize editor',
-  'scripts.targets.hint': 'Automatic triggers apply to selected hosts, or to all hosts when that option is enabled.',
+  'scripts.targets.hint': 'Selected groups are resolved dynamically, so hosts added later are included automatically.',
   'scripts.targets.connectOrderHint': 'Run order for connect scripts is configured per host under Host details → Automation.',
+  'scripts.targets.currentHostMismatch': 'This script is not assigned to the current host.',
+  'hostDetails.automation.groupScripts': 'Inherited group scripts',
+  'hostDetails.automation.groupScriptsHint': 'These scripts follow the host group dynamically and are ordered before the host-specific queue.',
   'scripts.actions.runNowHint': 'Run on selected targets, or on all connectable hosts when that option is enabled.',
   'scripts.actions.runParallel': 'Run on all tabs (parallel)',
   'scripts.actions.runSequential': 'Run on all tabs (sequential)',

application/i18n/locales/en/terminal.ts

@@ -659,6 +659,9 @@ export const enTerminalMessages: Messages = {
   'snippets.scriptEditor.modalTitle': 'Edit script',
   'snippets.targets.title': 'Targets',
   'snippets.targets.add': 'Add targets',
+  'snippets.targets.selectHosts': 'Hosts',
+  'snippets.targets.selectGroups': 'Groups',
+  'snippets.targets.noGroups': 'No groups found',
   'snippets.targets.allHosts': 'Apply to all hosts',
   'snippets.targets.allHostsShort': 'All hosts',
   'snippets.targets.allHostsActive': 'Applies to every connectable host.',

application/i18n/locales/ru/ai.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ export const ruAiMessages: Messages = {
   'ai.providers.apiKey.placeholder': 'Введите API-ключ',
   'ai.providers.apiKey.decrypting': 'Расшифровка...',
   'ai.providers.baseUrl': 'Базовый URL',
+  'ai.providers.baseUrl.anthropicHelp': 'Anthropic-совместимый: хост с /v1 или без (например https://gateway.example или https://gateway.example/v1). Проверка и чат используют /v1/models и /v1/messages.',
   'ai.providers.skipTLSVerify': 'Пропустить проверку TLS-сертификата (для самоподписанных сертификатов)',
   'ai.providers.defaultModel': 'Модель по умолчанию',
   'ai.providers.defaultModel.placeholder': 'например, gpt-4o, claude-sonnet-4-20250514',

application/i18n/locales/ru/scripts.ts

@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@ export const ruScriptsMessages = {
   'scripts.editor.modalSubtitle': 'Редактируйте метаданные и код скрипта в большом рабочем пространстве.',
   'scripts.editor.lineCount': '{count} строк',
   'scripts.editor.resize': 'Изменить размер редактора',
-  'scripts.targets.hint': 'Автоматические триггеры применяются к выбранным хостам или ко всем хостам, если включена эта настройка.',
+  'scripts.targets.hint': 'Выбранные группы разрешаются динамически, поэтому новые хосты включаются автоматически.',
   'scripts.targets.connectOrderHint': 'Порядок запуска скриптов подключения настраивается для каждого хоста в разделе «Сведения о хосте → Автоматизация».',
+  'scripts.targets.currentHostMismatch': 'Этот скрипт не назначен текущему хосту.',
+  'hostDetails.automation.groupScripts': 'Унаследованные скрипты группы',
+  'hostDetails.automation.groupScriptsHint': 'Эти скрипты динамически следуют за группой хоста и выполняются перед очередью хоста.',
   'scripts.actions.runNowHint': 'Запускается для выбранных целей либо для всех доступных для подключения хостов, если включена эта настройка.',
   'scripts.actions.runParallel': 'Запустить на всех вкладках (параллельно)',
   'scripts.actions.runSequential': 'Запустить на всех вкладках (последовательно)',

application/i18n/locales/ru/terminal.ts

@@ -681,6 +681,9 @@ export const ruTerminalMessages: Messages = {
   'snippets.field.variableDefault': 'по умолчанию {value}',
   'snippets.targets.title': 'Цели',
   'snippets.targets.add': 'Добавить цели',
+  'snippets.targets.selectHosts': 'Хосты',
+  'snippets.targets.selectGroups': 'Группы',
+  'snippets.targets.noGroups': 'Группы не найдены',
   'snippets.history.title': 'История оболочки',
   'snippets.history.subtitle': '{count} команд',
   'snippets.history.emptyTitle': 'История оболочки пока пуста',

application/i18n/locales/zh-CN/ai.ts

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ export const zhCNAiMessages: Messages = {
   'ai.providers.apiKey.placeholder': '输入 API Key',
   'ai.providers.apiKey.decrypting': '解密中...',
   'ai.providers.baseUrl': 'Base URL',
+  'ai.providers.baseUrl.anthropicHelp': 'Anthropic 兼容：可填不带或带 /v1 的主机（例如 https://gateway.example 或 https://gateway.example/v1）。检测与聊天都会请求 /v1/models、/v1/messages。',
   'ai.providers.skipTLSVerify': '跳过 TLS 证书验证（用于自签名证书）',
   'ai.providers.defaultModel': '默认模型',
   'ai.providers.defaultModel.placeholder': '例如 gpt-4o, claude-sonnet-4-20250514',

application/i18n/locales/zh-CN/core.ts

@@ -170,6 +170,10 @@ export const zhCNCoreMessages: Messages = {
 
   // Settings > Session Restore
   'settings.sessionRestore.title': '会话恢复',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding': '启动时打开',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLandingDesc': '当没有可恢复的会话时，选择启动后进入主机主页还是直接打开本地终端。',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding.vault': '主页（主机）',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding.localTerminal': '本地终端',
   'settings.sessionRestore.restorePreviousSession': '恢复上次的标签页和工作区',
   'settings.sessionRestore.restorePreviousSessionDesc': '启动时重新打开上次的终端标签页和工作区布局。',
   'settings.sessionRestore.restoreTerminalCwd': '恢复终端工作目录',

application/i18n/locales/zh-CN/scripts.ts

@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@ export const zhCNScriptsMessages = {
   'scripts.editor.modalSubtitle': '在更大的工作区中编辑脚本元数据和代码。',
   'scripts.editor.lineCount': '{count} 行',
   'scripts.editor.resize': '调整编辑器高度',
-  'scripts.targets.hint': '自动触发作用于所选主机；勾选「对所有主机生效」则作用于全部可连接主机。',
+  'scripts.targets.hint': '所选分组会动态匹配，之后加入分组的主机也会自动生效。',
   'scripts.targets.connectOrderHint': '连接脚本的执行顺序请在主机详情 → 自动化 中调整。',
+  'scripts.targets.currentHostMismatch': '此脚本未分配给当前主机。',
+  'hostDetails.automation.groupScripts': '分组继承脚本',
+  'hostDetails.automation.groupScriptsHint': '这些脚本动态跟随主机所在分组，并在主机专属队列之前执行。',
   'scripts.actions.runNowHint': '在所选目标主机上运行；勾选「对所有主机生效」时在所有可连接主机上运行。',
   'scripts.actions.runParallel': '在所有标签页并行运行',
   'scripts.actions.runSequential': '在所有标签页顺序运行',

application/i18n/locales/zh-CN/terminal.ts

@@ -742,8 +742,11 @@ export const zhCNTerminalMessages: Messages = {
   'snippets.scriptEditor.expand': '弹窗编辑',
   'snippets.scriptEditor.resize': '调整编辑器高度',
   'snippets.scriptEditor.modalTitle': '编辑脚本',
-  'snippets.targets.title': '目标主机',
-  'snippets.targets.add': '添加目标主机',
+  'snippets.targets.title': '执行目标',
+  'snippets.targets.add': '添加目标',
+  'snippets.targets.selectHosts': '选择主机',
+  'snippets.targets.selectGroups': '选择分组',
+  'snippets.targets.noGroups': '未找到分组',
   'snippets.targets.allHosts': '对所有主机生效',
   'snippets.targets.allHostsShort': '所有主机',
   'snippets.targets.allHostsActive': '将作用于所有可连接的主机。',

application/i18n/locales/zh-TW/ai.ts

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ export const zhTWAiMessages: Messages = {
   'ai.providers.apiKey.placeholder': '輸入 API Key',
   'ai.providers.apiKey.decrypting': '解密中...',
   'ai.providers.baseUrl': 'Base URL',
+  'ai.providers.baseUrl.anthropicHelp': 'Anthropic 相容：可填不帶或帶 /v1 的主機（例如 https://gateway.example 或 https://gateway.example/v1）。偵測與聊天都會請求 /v1/models、/v1/messages。',
   'ai.providers.skipTLSVerify': '跳過 TLS 憑證驗證（用於自我簽署憑證）',
   'ai.providers.defaultModel': '預設模型',
   'ai.providers.defaultModel.placeholder': '例如 gpt-4o, claude-sonnet-4-20250514',

application/i18n/locales/zh-TW/core.ts

@@ -170,6 +170,10 @@ export const zhTWCoreMessages: Messages = {
 
   // Settings > Session Restore
   'settings.sessionRestore.title': '工作階段恢復',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding': '啟動時開啟',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLandingDesc': '當沒有可恢復的工作階段時，選擇啟動後進入主機主頁還是直接開啟本機終端。',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding.vault': '主頁（主機）',
+  'settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding.localTerminal': '本機終端',
   'settings.sessionRestore.restorePreviousSession': '恢復上次的標籤頁和工作區',
   'settings.sessionRestore.restorePreviousSessionDesc': '啟動時重新開啟上次的終端標籤頁和工作區佈局。',
   'settings.sessionRestore.restoreTerminalCwd': '恢復終端工作目錄',

application/i18n/locales/zh-TW/scripts.ts

@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@ export const zhTWScriptsMessages = {
   'scripts.editor.modalSubtitle': '在更大的工作區中編輯指令碼的中繼資料與程式碼。',
   'scripts.editor.lineCount': '{count} 行',
   'scripts.editor.resize': '調整編輯器高度',
-  'scripts.targets.hint': '自動觸發會作用於所選主機；勾選「對所有主機生效」則作用於全部可連線的主機。',
+  'scripts.targets.hint': '所選分組會動態比對，之後加入分組的主機也會自動生效。',
   'scripts.targets.connectOrderHint': '連線指令碼的執行順序請在主機詳情 → 自動化 中調整。',
+  'scripts.targets.currentHostMismatch': '此指令碼未分配給目前主機。',
+  'hostDetails.automation.groupScripts': '分組繼承指令碼',
+  'hostDetails.automation.groupScriptsHint': '這些指令碼會動態跟隨主機所在分組，並在主機專屬佇列之前執行。',
   'scripts.actions.runNowHint': '在所選目標主機上執行；勾選「對所有主機生效」時在所有可連線的主機上執行。',
   'scripts.actions.runParallel': '在所有標籤頁並行執行',
   'scripts.actions.runSequential': '在所有標籤頁依序執行',

application/i18n/locales/zh-TW/terminal.ts

@@ -739,8 +739,11 @@ export const zhTWTerminalMessages: Messages = {
   'snippets.scriptEditor.expand': '彈出視窗編輯',
   'snippets.scriptEditor.resize': '調整編輯器高度',
   'snippets.scriptEditor.modalTitle': '編輯指令碼',
-  'snippets.targets.title': '目標主機',
-  'snippets.targets.add': '新增目標主機',
+  'snippets.targets.title': '執行目標',
+  'snippets.targets.add': '新增目標',
+  'snippets.targets.selectHosts': '選擇主機',
+  'snippets.targets.selectGroups': '選擇分組',
+  'snippets.targets.noGroups': '未找到分組',
   'snippets.history.title': 'Shell 歷史',
   'snippets.history.subtitle': '{count} 條指令',
   'snippets.history.emptyTitle': '暫無 Shell 歷史',

application/state/sessionRestoreSettings.test.ts

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ test("restore-only settings do not bump the cloud sync settings version", () =>
   const settingsVersionSource = settingsSource.slice(settingsVersionIndex);
 
   assert.notEqual(settingsVersionIndex, -1);
-  assert.doesNotMatch(settingsVersionSource, /restorePreviousSession|restoreTerminalCwd/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(settingsVersionSource, /restorePreviousSession|restoreTerminalCwd|startupLanding/);
 });
 
 test("restore previous session re-arms after cross-window settings ipc sync", () => {

application/state/settingsIpcSync.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
   STORAGE_KEY_DISABLE_TERMINAL_FONT_ZOOM,
   STORAGE_KEY_RESTORE_PREVIOUS_SESSION,
   STORAGE_KEY_RESTORE_TERMINAL_CWD,
+  STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING,
   STORAGE_KEY_SESSION_LOGS_DIR,
   STORAGE_KEY_SESSION_LOGS_ENABLED,
   STORAGE_KEY_SESSION_LOGS_FORMAT,
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ import {
   migrateIncomingTerminalFontId,
 } from './settingsStateDefaults';
 import { isTerminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab, type TerminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab } from '../../domain/terminalSidePanelAutoOpen';
+import { isStartupLanding, type StartupLanding } from '../../domain/startupLanding';
 import type { AppearanceSyncEvent } from './appearanceSync';
 
 interface UseSettingsIpcSyncParams {
@@ -102,6 +104,7 @@ interface UseSettingsIpcSyncParams {
   setDisableTerminalFontZoomState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<boolean>>;
   setRestorePreviousSessionState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<boolean>>;
   setRestoreTerminalCwdState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<boolean>>;
+  setStartupLandingState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<StartupLanding>>;
   setSftpTransferConcurrencyState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<number>>;
   setSshTransportIdleTtlMsState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<number>>;
 }
@@ -146,6 +149,7 @@ export function useSettingsIpcSync({
   setDisableTerminalFontZoomState,
   setRestorePreviousSessionState,
   setRestoreTerminalCwdState,
+  setStartupLandingState,
   setSftpTransferConcurrencyState,
   setSshTransportIdleTtlMsState,
 }: UseSettingsIpcSyncParams) {
@@ -304,6 +308,9 @@ export function useSettingsIpcSync({
       if (key === STORAGE_KEY_RESTORE_TERMINAL_CWD && typeof value === 'boolean') {
         setRestoreTerminalCwdState((prev) => (prev === value ? prev : value));
       }
+      if (key === STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING && isStartupLanding(value)) {
+        setStartupLandingState((prev) => (prev === value ? prev : value));
+      }
       if (key === STORAGE_KEY_SFTP_TRANSFER_CONCURRENCY && typeof value === 'number') {
         setSftpTransferConcurrencyState((prev) => (prev === value ? prev : value));
       }
@@ -348,6 +355,7 @@ export function useSettingsIpcSync({
     setDisableTerminalFontZoomState,
     setRestorePreviousSessionState,
     setRestoreTerminalCwdState,
+    setStartupLandingState,
     setSftpTransferConcurrencyState,
     setSshTransportIdleTtlMsState,
     setTerminalFontFamilyId,

application/state/settingsStateDefaults.ts

@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@ export const DEFAULT_SHELL_ONLY_TAB_NUMBER_SHORTCUTS = false;
 export const DEFAULT_SHOW_TAB_NUMBER_BADGES = true;
 export const DEFAULT_DISABLE_TERMINAL_FONT_ZOOM = false;
 export { DEFAULT_RESTORE_PREVIOUS_SESSION } from './sessionRestoreSettings';
+export { DEFAULT_STARTUP_LANDING } from '../../domain/startupLanding';
+export type { StartupLanding } from '../../domain/startupLanding';
 
 // Editor defaults
 export const DEFAULT_EDITOR_WORD_WRAP = false;

application/state/settingsStorageSync.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
   STORAGE_KEY_EXPLORER_CONTEXT_MENU_ENABLED,
   STORAGE_KEY_RESTORE_PREVIOUS_SESSION,
   STORAGE_KEY_RESTORE_TERMINAL_CWD,
+  STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING,
   STORAGE_KEY_SFTP_AUTO_OPEN_SIDEBAR,
   STORAGE_KEY_SFTP_FOLLOW_TERMINAL_CWD,
   STORAGE_KEY_SFTP_AUTO_SYNC,
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ import {
 } from './settingsStateDefaults';
 import { isTerminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab, type TerminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab } from '../../domain/terminalSidePanelAutoOpen';
 import { isHostClickBehavior, type HostClickBehavior } from '../../domain/hostClickBehavior';
+import { isStartupLanding, type StartupLanding } from '../../domain/startupLanding';
 
 interface UseSettingsStorageSyncParams {
   enabled?: boolean;
@@ -97,6 +99,7 @@ interface UseSettingsStorageSyncParams {
   disableTerminalFontZoom: boolean;
   restorePreviousSession: boolean;
   restoreTerminalCwd: boolean;
+  startupLanding: StartupLanding;
   editorWordWrap: boolean;
   sessionLogsEnabled: boolean;
   sessionLogsDir: string;
@@ -145,6 +148,7 @@ interface UseSettingsStorageSyncParams {
   setDisableTerminalFontZoomState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<boolean>>;
   setRestorePreviousSessionState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<boolean>>;
   setRestoreTerminalCwdState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<boolean>>;
+  setStartupLandingState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<StartupLanding>>;
   setEditorWordWrapState: Dispatch<SetStateAction<boolean>>;
   setSessionLogsEnabled: Dispatch<SetStateAction<boolean>>;
   setSessionLogsDir: Dispatch<SetStateAction<string>>;
@@ -172,7 +176,7 @@ export function useSettingsStorageSync({
   terminalThemeId, followAppTerminalTheme, terminalFontFamilyId, terminalFontSize,
   sftpDoubleClickBehavior, sftpAutoSync, sftpShowHiddenFiles,
   sftpUseCompressedUpload, sftpSkipUnchanged, sftpAutoOpenSidebar, sftpFollowTerminalCwd, sftpDefaultViewMode,
-  showRecentHosts, hostClickBehavior, showOnlyUngroupedHostsInRoot, showSftpTab, showHostTreeSidebar, terminalSidePanelAutoOpen, terminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab, shellOnlyTabNumberShortcuts, showTabNumberBadges, disableTerminalFontZoom, restorePreviousSession, restoreTerminalCwd,
+  showRecentHosts, hostClickBehavior, showOnlyUngroupedHostsInRoot, showSftpTab, showHostTreeSidebar, terminalSidePanelAutoOpen, terminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab, shellOnlyTabNumberShortcuts, showTabNumberBadges, disableTerminalFontZoom, restorePreviousSession, restoreTerminalCwd, startupLanding,
   editorWordWrap, sessionLogsEnabled, sessionLogsDir, sessionLogsFormat, sessionLogsTimestampsEnabled, sshDebugLogsEnabled, sshDeepLinkEnabled, jmsDeepLinkEnabled, explorerContextMenuEnabled,
   globalHotkeyEnabled, autoUpdateEnabled, windowOpacity, appIconVariant,
   setTheme, setLightUiThemeId, setDarkUiThemeId, setAccentMode, applyIncomingCustomAccent,
@@ -181,7 +185,7 @@ export function useSettingsStorageSync({
   setFollowAppTerminalThemeState, setTerminalFontFamilyId, setTerminalFontSize,
   setSftpDoubleClickBehavior, setSftpAutoSync, setSftpShowHiddenFiles,
   setSftpUseCompressedUpload, setSftpSkipUnchanged, setSftpAutoOpenSidebar, setSftpFollowTerminalCwd, setSftpDefaultViewMode,
-  setShowRecentHostsState, setHostClickBehaviorState, setShowOnlyUngroupedHostsInRootState, setShowSftpTabState, setShowHostTreeSidebarState, setTerminalSidePanelAutoOpenState, setTerminalSidePanelAutoOpenTabState, setShellOnlyTabNumberShortcutsState, setShowTabNumberBadgesState, setDisableTerminalFontZoomState, setRestorePreviousSessionState, setRestoreTerminalCwdState,
+  setShowRecentHostsState, setHostClickBehaviorState, setShowOnlyUngroupedHostsInRootState, setShowSftpTabState, setShowHostTreeSidebarState, setTerminalSidePanelAutoOpenState, setTerminalSidePanelAutoOpenTabState, setShellOnlyTabNumberShortcutsState, setShowTabNumberBadgesState, setDisableTerminalFontZoomState, setRestorePreviousSessionState, setRestoreTerminalCwdState, setStartupLandingState,
   setEditorWordWrapState, setSessionLogsEnabled, setSessionLogsDir, setSessionLogsFormat, setSessionLogsTimestampsEnabled, setSshDebugLogsEnabled, setSshDeepLinkEnabledState, setJmsDeepLinkEnabledState, setExplorerContextMenuEnabledState,
   setGlobalHotkeyEnabled, setWindowOpacity, setAppIconVariant, setAutoUpdateEnabled, setWorkspaceFocusStyleState,
   setSftpTransferConcurrencyState, setSshTransportIdleTtlMsState,
@@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ export function useSettingsStorageSync({
     terminalThemeId, followAppTerminalTheme, terminalFontFamilyId, terminalFontSize,
     sftpDoubleClickBehavior, sftpAutoSync, sftpShowHiddenFiles,
     sftpUseCompressedUpload, sftpSkipUnchanged, sftpAutoOpenSidebar, sftpFollowTerminalCwd, sftpDefaultViewMode,
-    showRecentHosts, hostClickBehavior, showOnlyUngroupedHostsInRoot, showSftpTab, showHostTreeSidebar, terminalSidePanelAutoOpen, terminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab, shellOnlyTabNumberShortcuts, showTabNumberBadges, disableTerminalFontZoom, restorePreviousSession, restoreTerminalCwd,
+    showRecentHosts, hostClickBehavior, showOnlyUngroupedHostsInRoot, showSftpTab, showHostTreeSidebar, terminalSidePanelAutoOpen, terminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab, shellOnlyTabNumberShortcuts, showTabNumberBadges, disableTerminalFontZoom, restorePreviousSession, restoreTerminalCwd, startupLanding,
     editorWordWrap, sessionLogsEnabled, sessionLogsDir, sessionLogsFormat, sessionLogsTimestampsEnabled, sshDebugLogsEnabled, sshDeepLinkEnabled, jmsDeepLinkEnabled, explorerContextMenuEnabled,
     globalHotkeyEnabled, autoUpdateEnabled, windowOpacity, appIconVariant,
   });
@@ -206,7 +210,7 @@ export function useSettingsStorageSync({
     terminalThemeId, followAppTerminalTheme, terminalFontFamilyId, terminalFontSize,
     sftpDoubleClickBehavior, sftpAutoSync, sftpShowHiddenFiles,
     sftpUseCompressedUpload, sftpSkipUnchanged, sftpAutoOpenSidebar, sftpFollowTerminalCwd, sftpDefaultViewMode,
-    showRecentHosts, hostClickBehavior, showOnlyUngroupedHostsInRoot, showSftpTab, showHostTreeSidebar, terminalSidePanelAutoOpen, terminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab, shellOnlyTabNumberShortcuts, showTabNumberBadges, disableTerminalFontZoom, restorePreviousSession, restoreTerminalCwd,
+    showRecentHosts, hostClickBehavior, showOnlyUngroupedHostsInRoot, showSftpTab, showHostTreeSidebar, terminalSidePanelAutoOpen, terminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab, shellOnlyTabNumberShortcuts, showTabNumberBadges, disableTerminalFontZoom, restorePreviousSession, restoreTerminalCwd, startupLanding,
     editorWordWrap, sessionLogsEnabled, sessionLogsDir, sessionLogsFormat, sessionLogsTimestampsEnabled, sshDebugLogsEnabled, sshDeepLinkEnabled, jmsDeepLinkEnabled, explorerContextMenuEnabled,
     globalHotkeyEnabled, autoUpdateEnabled, windowOpacity, appIconVariant,
   };
@@ -480,6 +484,11 @@ export function useSettingsStorageSync({
           setRestoreTerminalCwdState(newValue);
         }
       }
+      if (e.key === STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING && e.newValue !== null) {
+        if (isStartupLanding(e.newValue) && e.newValue !== s.startupLanding) {
+          setStartupLandingState(e.newValue);
+        }
+      }
       // Sync global hotkey enabled setting from other windows
       if (e.key === STORAGE_KEY_GLOBAL_HOTKEY_ENABLED && e.newValue !== null) {
         const newValue = e.newValue === 'true';
@@ -568,9 +577,11 @@ export function useSettingsStorageSync({
     setShowRecentHostsState,
     setShowSftpTabState,
     setShellOnlyTabNumberShortcutsState,
+    setShowTabNumberBadgesState,
     setDisableTerminalFontZoomState,
     setRestorePreviousSessionState,
     setRestoreTerminalCwdState,
+    setStartupLandingState,
     setTerminalFontFamilyId,
     setTerminalFontSize,
     setTerminalThemeDarkId,

application/state/sftp/dedicatedTransferResume.ts

@@ -162,7 +162,6 @@ export async function openTransferSftpSession(
     if (
       !wantDedicated
       && options?.sourceSessionId
-      && !host.sftpSudo
       && bridge.openSftpForSession
     ) {
       try {

application/state/sftp/ensureRemoteSftpSession.test.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import test from "node:test";
 
 import type { Host } from "../../../domain/models";
-import { ensureRemoteSftpSession } from "./ensureRemoteSftpSession";
+import { ensureRemoteSftpSession, probeSftpSession } from "./ensureRemoteSftpSession";
 import type { SftpPane } from "./types";
 
 const host = {
@@ -37,6 +37,24 @@ const remotePane = (connectionId: string): SftpPane => ({
 
 const noopReleaseConnection = async () => {};
 
+test("SFTP session probe accepts a virtual root directory", async () => {
+  const calls: Array<[string, string]> = [];
+  const ok = await probeSftpSession({
+    realpathSftp: async (sftpId, remotePath) => {
+      calls.push([sftpId, remotePath]);
+      return "/";
+    },
+  }, "sftp-jumpserver");
+
+  assert.equal(ok, true);
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, [["sftp-jumpserver", "."]]);
+});
+
+test("SFTP session probe does not require home discovery", async () => {
+  const ok = await probeSftpSession(undefined, "sftp-live");
+  assert.equal(ok, true);
+});
+
 test("returns an existing mapped SFTP session without reconnecting", async () => {
   let connectCalls = 0;
   const sftpId = await ensureRemoteSftpSession({

application/state/sftp/ensureRemoteSftpSession.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,24 @@ import type { MutableRefObject } from "react";
 import { isSessionError } from "./errors";
 import type { SftpPane } from "./types";
 
+export interface SftpSessionProbeBridge {
+  realpathSftp?: (sftpId: string, path: string) => Promise<string>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Probe the SFTP protocol itself instead of using remote home discovery.
+ * Restricted/chroot servers can deny SSH exec or expose '/' as their virtual
+ * root while the SFTP session remains fully usable.
+ */
+export async function probeSftpSession(
+  bridge: SftpSessionProbeBridge | null | undefined,
+  sftpId: string,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (!bridge?.realpathSftp) return true;
+  await bridge.realpathSftp(sftpId, ".");
+  return true;
+}
+
 export interface EnsureRemoteSftpSessionParams {
   side: "left" | "right";
   getActivePane: (side: "left" | "right") => SftpPane | null;

application/state/sftp/errors.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import test from "node:test";
+import { isMissingStatError } from "./errors";
+
+test("isMissingStatError accepts only true path absence codes", () => {
+  for (const code of [2, "ENOENT", "NO_SUCH_FILE", "SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE"] as const) {
+    const error = new Error("missing") as Error & { code: string | number };
+    error.code = code;
+    assert.equal(isMissingStatError(error), true, String(code));
+  }
+  assert.equal(isMissingStatError(new Error("ENOENT")), true);
+});
+
+test("isMissingStatError treats Electron-wrapped SFTP absence as missing", () => {
+  // ipcRenderer.invoke strips custom `code` and wraps the ssh2 message.
+  // New-file uploads lstat the destination first; this is the toast users see.
+  assert.equal(
+    isMissingStatError(
+      new Error("Error invoking remote method 'netcatty:sftp:lstat': Error: No such file"),
+    ),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(isMissingStatError(new Error("No such file")), true);
+  assert.equal(isMissingStatError(new Error("No such file or directory")), true);
+  assert.equal(isMissingStatError(new Error("No such file: /tmp/tool.sh")), true);
+  assert.equal(
+    isMissingStatError(new Error("ENOENT: no such file or directory, lstat '/tmp/tool.sh'")),
+    true,
+  );
+});
+
+test("isMissingStatError rejects unsupported LSTAT and other failures", () => {
+  const enotsup = new Error("Remote server does not support LSTAT") as Error & {
+    code: string;
+    lstatUnavailable: boolean;
+  };
+  enotsup.code = "ENOTSUP";
+  enotsup.lstatUnavailable = true;
+  assert.equal(isMissingStatError(enotsup), false);
+
+  const eperm = new Error("denied") as Error & { code: string };
+  eperm.code = "EPERM";
+  assert.equal(isMissingStatError(eperm), false);
+  assert.equal(isMissingStatError(new Error("channel closed")), false);
+  assert.equal(
+    isMissingStatError(
+      new Error("Error invoking remote method 'netcatty:sftp:lstat': Error: Permission denied"),
+    ),
+    false,
+  );
+  // Path names are user-controlled; do not treat a substring hit as absence.
+  assert.equal(
+    isMissingStatError(
+      new Error("EACCES: permission denied, lstat '/private/enoent/report.txt'"),
+    ),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    isMissingStatError(
+      new Error(
+        "Error invoking remote method 'netcatty:sftp:lstat': Error: EACCES: permission denied, lstat '/private/enoent/report.txt'",
+      ),
+    ),
+    false,
+  );
+});

application/state/sftp/errors.ts

@@ -17,3 +17,5 @@ export const isSessionError = (err: unknown): boolean => {
     msg.includes("timed out")
   );
 };
+
+export { isMissingStatError } from "../../../domain/sftpStatError";

application/state/sftp/transferConflictOps.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useCallback } from "react";
 import type { SftpFilenameEncoding, TransferTask } from "../../../domain/models";
 import { netcattyBridge } from "../../../infrastructure/services/netcattyBridge";
+import { isMissingStatError } from "./errors";
 import type { SftpPane } from "./types";
 import { getParentPath, joinPath } from "./utils";
 
@@ -24,28 +25,36 @@ export function useSftpTransferConflictOps() {
     ): Promise<{ type?: "file" | "directory" | "symlink"; size: number; mtime: number } | null> => {
       if (!targetPane.connection) return null;
 
-      if (targetPane.connection.isLocal) {
-        const stat = await netcattyBridge.get()?.statLocal?.(targetPath);
+      try {
+        if (targetPane.connection.isLocal) {
+          const bridge = netcattyBridge.get();
+          const stat = await (bridge?.lstatLocal ?? bridge?.statLocal)?.(targetPath);
+          if (!stat) return null;
+          return {
+            type: stat.type as "file" | "directory" | "symlink" | undefined,
+            size: stat.size,
+            mtime: stat.lastModified || Date.now(),
+          };
+        }
+
+        if (!targetSftpId) return null;
+        const bridge = netcattyBridge.get();
+        const stat = await (bridge?.lstatSftp ?? bridge?.statSftp)?.(
+          targetSftpId,
+          targetPath,
+          targetEncoding,
+        );
         if (!stat) return null;
         return {
           type: stat.type as "file" | "directory" | "symlink" | undefined,
           size: stat.size,
           mtime: stat.lastModified || Date.now(),
         };
+      } catch (error) {
+        // Missing path = no conflict. ENOTSUP / unknown type must fail closed.
+        if (isMissingStatError(error)) return null;
+        throw error;
       }
-
-      if (!targetSftpId) return null;
-      const stat = await netcattyBridge.get()?.statSftp?.(
-        targetSftpId,
-        targetPath,
-        targetEncoding,
-      );
-      if (!stat) return null;
-      return {
-        type: stat.type as "file" | "directory" | "symlink" | undefined,
-        size: stat.size,
-        mtime: stat.lastModified || Date.now(),
-      };
     },
     [],
   );
@@ -64,12 +73,9 @@ export function useSftpTransferConflictOps() {
         const suffix = index === 1 ? " (copy)" : ` (copy ${index})`;
         const fileName = `${baseName}${suffix}${ext}`;
         const targetPath = joinPath(parentPath, fileName);
-        try {
-          const existing = await statTargetPath(targetPane, targetSftpId, targetPath, targetEncoding);
-          if (!existing) return { fileName, targetPath };
-        } catch {
-          return { fileName, targetPath };
-        }
+        // Unsupported LSTAT must propagate — do not treat as a free name.
+        const existing = await statTargetPath(targetPane, targetSftpId, targetPath, targetEncoding);
+        if (!existing) return { fileName, targetPath };
       }
 
       const fallbackName = `${baseName} (copy ${Date.now()})${ext}`;
@@ -84,18 +90,19 @@ export function useSftpTransferConflictOps() {
       targetPane: SftpPane,
       targetSftpId: string | null,
       targetEncoding: SftpFilenameEncoding,
+      expectedType?: "file" | "directory" | "symlink",
     ) => {
       if (!targetPane.connection) return;
       if (targetPane.connection.isLocal) {
         const deleteLocalFile = netcattyBridge.get()?.deleteLocalFile;
         if (!deleteLocalFile) throw new Error("Local delete unavailable");
-        await deleteLocalFile(task.targetPath);
+        await deleteLocalFile(task.targetPath, expectedType);
         return;
       }
       if (!targetSftpId) throw new Error("Target SFTP session not found");
       const deleteSftp = netcattyBridge.get()?.deleteSftp;
       if (!deleteSftp) throw new Error("SFTP delete unavailable");
-      await deleteSftp(targetSftpId, task.targetPath, targetEncoding);
+      await deleteSftp(targetSftpId, task.targetPath, targetEncoding, expectedType);
     },
     [],
   );

application/state/sftp/useSftpConnections.test.ts

@@ -3,8 +3,12 @@
 
 import test from "node:test";
 import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
 
 import {
+  buildSftpConnectInFlightKey,
+  buildSftpHomeDirCandidates,
+  runSftpConnectOnceByKey,
   createSftpConnectionId,
   createPinnedReconnectSideResolver,
   openSftpConnectionOnce,
@@ -15,12 +19,62 @@ import {
   resolvePinnedReconnectSide,
 } from "./useSftpConnections.ts";
 
+test("home dir candidates prefer user home then root", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(buildSftpHomeDirCandidates("deploy"), ["/home/deploy", "/root"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(buildSftpHomeDirCandidates("root"), ["/root"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(buildSftpHomeDirCandidates(undefined), ["/root"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(buildSftpHomeDirCandidates(null), ["/root"]);
+});
+
 test("connection ids stay unique even when connects start in the same millisecond", () => {
   const ids = ["uuid-a", "uuid-b"];
   assert.equal(createSftpConnectionId("left", () => ids.shift()!), "left-uuid-a");
   assert.equal(createSftpConnectionId("left", () => ids.shift()!), "left-uuid-b");
 });
 
+test("runSftpConnectOnceByKey shares an in-flight connect for the same tab and endpoint", async () => {
+  const inFlight = new Map<string, Promise<void>>();
+  let runs = 0;
+  let releaseFirst: (() => void) | undefined;
+
+  const first = runSftpConnectOnceByKey(inFlight, "left:tab-1:host-key:ssh-session-1:/home", async () => {
+    runs += 1;
+    await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+      releaseFirst = resolve;
+    });
+  });
+  const second = runSftpConnectOnceByKey(inFlight, "left:tab-1:host-key:ssh-session-1:/home", async () => {
+    runs += 1;
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(runs, 1);
+  releaseFirst?.();
+  await Promise.all([first, second]);
+  assert.equal(runs, 1);
+  assert.equal(inFlight.size, 0);
+});
+
+test("buildSftpConnectInFlightKey uses the allocated tab id for forced new tabs", () => {
+  const first = buildSftpConnectInFlightKey({
+    side: "left",
+    tabId: "new-tab-a",
+    targetConnectionKey: "host-key",
+    sourceSessionId: "ssh-session-1",
+    initialPath: "/home",
+    forceNewTab: true,
+  });
+  const second = buildSftpConnectInFlightKey({
+    side: "left",
+    tabId: "new-tab-b",
+    targetConnectionKey: "host-key",
+    sourceSessionId: "ssh-session-1",
+    initialPath: "/home",
+    forceNewTab: true,
+  });
+
+  assert.notEqual(first, second);
+});
+
 const openOptions = {
   sessionId: "sftp-request-1",
   hostname: "192.168.9.138",
@@ -73,6 +127,43 @@ test("openSftpWithSessionPreference falls back to normal SFTP when session reuse
   assert.deepEqual(calls, ["openForSession:ssh-session-1", "openSftp:sftp-request-1"]);
 });
 
+test("openSftpWithSessionPreference tries session reuse for sudo SFTP before fresh auth", async () => {
+  const calls: string[] = [];
+  let passedOptions: NetcattySSHOptions | undefined;
+  const sftpId = await openSftpWithSessionPreference({
+    bridge: {
+      openSftpForSession: async (sessionId: string, options?: NetcattySSHOptions) => {
+        calls.push(`openForSession:${sessionId}`);
+        passedOptions = options;
+        return "sudo-session-backed-sftp";
+      },
+      openSftp: async () => {
+        calls.push("openSftp");
+        return "fresh-sftp";
+      },
+    },
+    sourceSessionId: "ssh-session-1",
+    openOptions: {
+      ...openOptions,
+      sudo: true,
+      password: "sudo-pass",
+    },
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(sftpId, "sudo-session-backed-sftp");
+  assert.deepEqual(calls, ["openForSession:ssh-session-1"]);
+  assert.equal(passedOptions?.sudo, true);
+  assert.equal(passedOptions?.password, "sudo-pass");
+});
+
+test("remote browse connect does not discard sourceSessionId for sudo hosts", () => {
+  const source = readFileSync(new URL("./useSftpConnections.ts", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+  assert.doesNotMatch(
+    source,
+    /host\.sftpSudo\s*\?\s*undefined\s*:\s*options\?\.sourceSessionId/,
+  );
+});
+
 test("openSftpWithSessionPreference opens normal SFTP without a source session", async () => {
   const calls: string[] = [];
   const sftpId = await openSftpWithSessionPreference({

application/state/sftp/useSftpConnections.ts

@@ -97,6 +97,13 @@ export async function releaseSftpConnectionMetadata(params: {
   params.onRemoteSessionClosed?.(sftpId);
 }
 
+/** Hardcoded home-path candidates when SSH exec / listable realpath fail. */
+export function buildSftpHomeDirCandidates(username?: string | null): string[] {
+  if (username === "root") return ["/root"];
+  if (username) return [`/home/${username}`, "/root"];
+  return ["/root"];
+}
+
 export function createSftpConnectionId(
   side: "left" | "right",
   randomUUID: () => string = () => crypto.randomUUID(),
@@ -176,6 +183,41 @@ export function createPinnedReconnectSideResolver(
   };
 }
 
+export function runSftpConnectOnceByKey(
+  inFlight: Map<string, Promise<void>>,
+  key: string,
+  run: () => Promise<void>,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const existing = inFlight.get(key);
+  if (existing) return existing;
+
+  const promise = run().finally(() => {
+    if (inFlight.get(key) === promise) {
+      inFlight.delete(key);
+    }
+  });
+  inFlight.set(key, promise);
+  return promise;
+}
+
+export function buildSftpConnectInFlightKey(params: {
+  side: "left" | "right";
+  tabId: string;
+  targetConnectionKey: string;
+  sourceSessionId?: string;
+  initialPath?: string;
+  forceNewTab?: boolean;
+}): string {
+  return [
+    params.side,
+    params.tabId,
+    params.targetConnectionKey,
+    params.sourceSessionId ?? "",
+    params.initialPath ?? "",
+    params.forceNewTab ? "force-new-tab" : "",
+  ].join("\u0000");
+}
+
 interface UseSftpConnectionsResult {
   connect: (side: "left" | "right", host: Host | "local", options?: SftpConnectOptions) => Promise<void>;
   disconnect: (side: "left" | "right") => Promise<void>;
@@ -249,6 +291,7 @@ export const useSftpConnections = ({
   const [hostKeyVerification, setHostKeyVerification] = useState<SftpHostKeyVerificationState | null>(null);
   const hostKeyVerificationRef = useRef<(SftpHostKeyVerificationState & { requestId: string; sessionId: string }) | null>(null);
   const activeHostKeySessionsRef = useRef<Map<string, { side: "left" | "right"; tabId: string }>>(new Map());
+  const connectInFlightRef = useRef<Map<string, Promise<void>>>(new Map());
 
   const setPendingHostKeyVerification = useCallback((
     next: (SftpHostKeyVerificationState & { requestId: string; sessionId: string }) | null,
@@ -426,21 +469,31 @@ export const useSftpConnections = ({
       // immediately, avoiding race conditions with deferred effects.
       options?.onTabCreated?.(activeTabId);
 
-      const connectionId = createSftpConnectionId(side);
+      const connectInFlightKey = buildSftpConnectInFlightKey({
+        side,
+        tabId: activeTabId,
+        targetConnectionKey,
+        sourceSessionId: host === "local" ? undefined : options?.sourceSessionId,
+        initialPath: effectiveInitialPath,
+        forceNewTab: options?.forceNewTab,
+      });
 
-      navSeqRef.current[side] += 1;
-      const connectRequestId = navSeqRef.current[side];
-      const getTargetPane = () => {
-        const targetSide = resolveTargetSide();
-        const tabs = targetSide === "left" ? leftTabsRef.current.tabs : rightTabsRef.current.tabs;
-        return tabs.find((tab) => tab.id === activeTabId) ?? null;
-      };
-      const isTargetConnectionCurrent = () => {
-        const pane = getTargetPane();
-        if (!pane) return false;
-        if (pane.connection?.id === connectionId) return true;
-        return !pane.connection && navSeqRef.current[side] === connectRequestId;
-      };
+      return runSftpConnectOnceByKey(connectInFlightRef.current, connectInFlightKey, async () => {
+        const connectionId = createSftpConnectionId(side);
+
+        navSeqRef.current[side] += 1;
+        const connectRequestId = navSeqRef.current[side];
+        const getTargetPane = () => {
+          const targetSide = resolveTargetSide();
+          const tabs = targetSide === "left" ? leftTabsRef.current.tabs : rightTabsRef.current.tabs;
+          return tabs.find((tab) => tab.id === activeTabId) ?? null;
+        };
+        const isTargetConnectionCurrent = () => {
+          const pane = getTargetPane();
+          if (!pane) return false;
+          if (pane.connection?.id === connectionId) return true;
+          return !pane.connection && navSeqRef.current[side] === connectRequestId;
+        };
       const isTargetConnectionAtPath = (path: string) => {
         const connection = getTargetPane()?.connection;
         if (!connection) return navSeqRef.current[side] === connectRequestId;
@@ -573,9 +626,7 @@ export const useSftpConnections = ({
           sharedHostCache?.path,
         );
 
-        // Sudo never reuses a terminal shell; normalize before UI state so
-        // reusedConnection (spinner/overlay) matches the actual open path.
-        const sourceSessionId = host.sftpSudo ? undefined : options?.sourceSessionId;
+        const sourceSessionId = options?.sourceSessionId;
 
         const connection: SftpConnection = {
           id: connectionId,
@@ -698,15 +749,7 @@ export const useSftpConnections = ({
             }
 
             if (!detected) {
-              const candidates: string[] = [];
-              if (credentials.username === "root") {
-                candidates.push("/root");
-              } else if (credentials.username) {
-                candidates.push(`/home/${credentials.username}`);
-                candidates.push("/root");
-              } else {
-                candidates.push("/root");
-              }
+              const candidates = buildSftpHomeDirCandidates(credentials.username);
               const statSftp = bridge?.statSftp;
               if (statSftp) {
                 for (const candidate of candidates) {
@@ -784,6 +827,23 @@ export const useSftpConnections = ({
                 // root also failed
               }
             }
+            // Last resort: home candidates. Covers provisional "/" from realpath
+            // when discovery treated root as home and listing it failed, so
+            // /home/<user> or /root can still recover the session.
+            if (!fallbackSucceeded) {
+              for (const candidate of buildSftpHomeDirCandidates(credentials.username)) {
+                if (candidate === startPath) continue;
+                try {
+                  files = await listRemoteFiles(sftpId, candidate, filenameEncoding);
+                  startPath = candidate;
+                  homeDir = candidate;
+                  fallbackSucceeded = true;
+                  break;
+                } catch {
+                  // Ignore missing/permission errors
+                }
+              }
+            }
             if (!fallbackSucceeded) {
               throw new Error("Cannot list any remote directory");
             }
@@ -855,6 +915,7 @@ export const useSftpConnections = ({
           unsubSftpProgress?.();
         }
       }
+      });
     },
     // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
     [

application/state/sftp/useSftpExternalOperations.ts

@@ -842,6 +842,9 @@ export const useSftpExternalOperations = (
       writeLocalFile: bridge?.writeLocalFile,
       mkdirLocal: bridge?.mkdirLocal,
       statLocal: bridge?.statLocal,
+      // No-follow stats so Replace unlinks a same-named symlink instead of
+      // writing through it (uploadService prefers lstat* over followed stat*).
+      lstatLocal: bridge?.lstatLocal,
       deleteLocalFile: bridge?.deleteLocalFile,
       stageUploadFile: bridge?.stageUploadFile,
       cancelStagedUploadFile: bridge?.cancelStagedUploadFile,
@@ -857,10 +860,18 @@ export const useSftpExternalOperations = (
         if (!b?.statSftp) return null;
         return b.statSftp(sftpId, path);
       },
-      deleteSftp: async (sftpId: string, path: string) => {
+      // Only wire when present so uploadService can fall back via `lstat ?? stat`.
+      lstatSftp: bridge?.lstatSftp
+        ? async (sftpId: string, path: string) => {
+            const b = netcattyBridge.get();
+            if (!b?.lstatSftp) return null;
+            return b.lstatSftp(sftpId, path);
+          }
+        : undefined,
+      deleteSftp: async (sftpId: string, path: string, expectedType) => {
         const b = netcattyBridge.get();
         if (b?.deleteSftp) {
-          await b.deleteSftp(sftpId, path);
+          await b.deleteSftp(sftpId, path, undefined, expectedType);
         }
       },
       // Stream transfer for large files (avoids loading into memory).

application/state/sftp/useSftpTransfers.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import {
   describeSftpExistingKind,
   describeSftpIncomingKind,
   getSftpConflictTypeKey,
+  shouldUnlinkSftpConflictBeforeReplace,
 } from "../../../domain/sftpConflict";
 import {
   findActivePathConflict,
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import { netcattyBridge } from "../../../infrastructure/services/netcattyBridge"
 import { logger } from "../../../lib/logger";
 import { sftpTransferCenterStore } from "../sftpTransferCenterStore";
 import { SftpPane } from "./types";
+import { isMissingStatError } from "./errors";
 import { useSftpDirectoryTransferOps } from "./transferDirectoryOps";
 import { useSftpTransferConflictOps } from "./transferConflictOps";
 import { useSftpTransferTaskOps } from "./transferTaskOps";
@@ -444,7 +446,7 @@ export const useSftpTransfers = ({
     cleanupTaskArtifacts,
   });
 
-  const { statTargetPath, getDuplicateTarget } = useSftpTransferConflictOps();
+  const { statTargetPath, getDuplicateTarget, deleteTargetPath } = useSftpTransferConflictOps();
 
   const { transferFile, transferDirectory } = useSftpDirectoryTransferOps({
     ownerId,
@@ -740,8 +742,10 @@ export const useSftpTransfers = ({
               newModified: sourceStat?.mtime || Date.now(),
             };
           }
-        } catch {
-          // ignore
+        } catch (error) {
+          // Missing path = no conflict. ENOTSUP / unknown type fail closed.
+          if (isMissingStatError(error)) return null;
+          throw error;
         }
         return null;
       })();
@@ -783,6 +787,13 @@ export const useSftpTransfers = ({
             return "failed";
           }
 
+          if (
+            defaultAction === "replace"
+            && shouldUnlinkSftpConflictBeforeReplace(conflict.existingType)
+          ) {
+            await deleteTargetPath(task, targetPane, targetSftpId, targetEncoding, "symlink");
+          }
+
           const duplicateTarget = defaultAction === "duplicate"
             ? await getDuplicateTarget(task, targetPane, targetSftpId, targetEncoding)
             : null;
@@ -1537,6 +1548,7 @@ export const useSftpTransfers = ({
 
       const updatedTasks: TransferTask[] = [];
       const blockedReplaceTasks: Array<{ task: TransferTask; conflict: FileConflict }> = [];
+      const failedReplaceTasks: Array<{ task: TransferTask; error: string }> = [];
 
       for (const affectedTask of affectedTasks) {
         if (cancelledTasksRef.current.has(affectedTask.id)) continue;
@@ -1568,6 +1580,34 @@ export const useSftpTransfers = ({
             blockedReplaceTasks.push({ task: affectedTask, conflict: affectedConflict });
             continue;
           }
+          if (
+            affectedConflict
+            && shouldUnlinkSftpConflictBeforeReplace(affectedConflict.existingType)
+          ) {
+            const endpoints = resolveTaskEndpoints(affectedTask);
+            if (!endpoints?.targetPane.connection) continue;
+            const targetSftpId = endpoints.targetPane.connection.isLocal
+              ? null
+              : sftpSessionsRef.current.get(endpoints.targetPane.connection.id) ?? null;
+            const targetEncoding = endpoints.targetPane.connection.isLocal
+              ? "auto"
+              : endpoints.targetPane.filenameEncoding || "auto";
+            try {
+              await deleteTargetPath(
+                affectedTask,
+                endpoints.targetPane,
+                targetSftpId,
+                targetEncoding,
+                "symlink",
+              );
+            } catch (error) {
+              failedReplaceTasks.push({
+                task: affectedTask,
+                error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+              });
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
           updatedTask = {
             ...affectedTask,
             skipConflictCheck: true,
@@ -1607,6 +1647,24 @@ export const useSftpTransfers = ({
         );
       }
 
+      if (failedReplaceTasks.length > 0) {
+        const failedErrors = new Map(
+          failedReplaceTasks.map(({ task: failedTask, error }) => [failedTask.id, error]),
+        );
+        setTransfers((prev) =>
+          prev.map((candidate) => failedErrors.has(candidate.id)
+            ? {
+                ...candidate,
+                status: "failed" as TransferStatus,
+                endTime: Date.now(),
+                error: failedErrors.get(candidate.id),
+                conflict: undefined,
+              }
+            : candidate,
+          ),
+        );
+      }
+
       const liveUpdatedTasks = updatedTasks.filter((candidate) => !cancelledTasksRef.current.has(candidate.id));
       const updatedTaskMap = new Map(liveUpdatedTasks.map((updatedTask) => [updatedTask.id, updatedTask]));
       setTransfers((prev) =>

application/state/startupLandingSettings.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import test from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+
+test("startup landing setting participates in cross-window settings sync", () => {
+  const storageSyncSource = readFileSync(new URL("./settingsStorageSync.ts", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+  const ipcSyncSource = readFileSync(new URL("./settingsIpcSync.ts", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+
+  assert.match(storageSyncSource, /STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING/);
+  assert.match(storageSyncSource, /setStartupLandingState/);
+  assert.match(storageSyncSource, /e\.key === STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING/);
+
+  assert.match(ipcSyncSource, /STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING/);
+  assert.match(ipcSyncSource, /setStartupLandingState/);
+  assert.match(ipcSyncSource, /key === STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING/);
+});
+
+test("startup landing does not bump the cloud sync settings version", () => {
+  const settingsSource = readFileSync(new URL("./useSettingsState.ts", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+  const settingsVersionIndex = settingsSource.indexOf("settingsVersion: useMemo");
+  const settingsVersionSource = settingsSource.slice(settingsVersionIndex);
+
+  assert.notEqual(settingsVersionIndex, -1);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(settingsVersionSource, /startupLanding/);
+});
+
+test("main window opens local terminal on cold start when preferred", () => {
+  const sideEffectsSource = readFileSync(new URL("../app/AppSideEffects.tsx", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+
+  assert.match(sideEffectsSource, /startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef/);
+  assert.match(sideEffectsSource, /shouldOpenLocalTerminalOnStartup/);
+  assert.match(sideEffectsSource, /STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING/);
+  assert.match(sideEffectsSource, /handleCreateLocalTerminal\(/);
+  assert.match(sideEffectsSource, /onColdStartIntentsSettled/);
+  assert.match(sideEffectsSource, /ensureDiscoveredShells/);
+  assert.match(sideEffectsSource, /hasQueuedStartupIntent:\s*startupLaunchIntentReceivedRef\.current/);
+
+  const latchAt = sideEffectsSource.indexOf("if (startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef.current) return;");
+  const setLatchAt = sideEffectsSource.indexOf(
+    "startupLocalTerminalAttemptedRef.current = true;",
+    latchAt,
+  );
+  const createAt = sideEffectsSource.indexOf("handleCreateLocalTerminal(", setLatchAt);
+  assert.notEqual(latchAt, -1);
+  assert.notEqual(setLatchAt, -1);
+  assert.notEqual(createAt, -1);
+  assert.ok(setLatchAt < createAt, "StrictMode latch must be set before creating the terminal");
+});
+
+test("settings system tab exposes startup landing control", () => {
+  const tabSource = readFileSync(
+    new URL("../../components/settings/tabs/SettingsSystemTab.tsx", import.meta.url),
+    "utf8",
+  );
+  assert.match(tabSource, /system-startup-landing/);
+  assert.match(tabSource, /settings\.sessionRestore\.startupLanding/);
+  assert.match(tabSource, /local-terminal/);
+});

application/state/terminalConnectionReuse.test.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   canReuseTerminalConnection,
   createCopiedTerminalSessionClone,
   createSplitTerminalSessionClone,
+  isTerminalSessionEligibleForSftpReuse,
 } from "./terminalConnectionReuse";
 
 const session = (overrides: Partial<TerminalSession> = {}): TerminalSession => ({
@@ -24,6 +25,14 @@ test("connected SSH sessions can reuse their authenticated connection", () => {
   assert.equal(canReuseTerminalConnection(session({ protocol: undefined })), true);
 });
 
+test("SSH sessions stay SFTP-linkable while reconnecting", () => {
+  assert.equal(isTerminalSessionEligibleForSftpReuse(session({ status: "connecting" })), true);
+  assert.equal(isTerminalSessionEligibleForSftpReuse(session({ status: "disconnected" })), true);
+  assert.equal(isTerminalSessionEligibleForSftpReuse(session({ protocol: "local" })), false);
+  assert.equal(isTerminalSessionEligibleForSftpReuse(session({ moshEnabled: true })), false);
+  assert.equal(isTerminalSessionEligibleForSftpReuse(session({ etEnabled: true })), false);
+});
+
 test("non-SSH or unavailable sessions do not reuse a connection", () => {
   assert.equal(canReuseTerminalConnection(session({ status: "connecting" })), false);
   assert.equal(canReuseTerminalConnection(session({ status: "disconnected" })), false);

application/state/terminalConnectionReuse.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,18 @@
 import type { TerminalSession } from "../../domain/models";
 
-export function canReuseTerminalConnection(session: TerminalSession): boolean {
+/** SSH (non-mosh/et) sessions that can back SFTP once the transport is up. */
+export function isTerminalSessionEligibleForSftpReuse(session: TerminalSession): boolean {
   return (
-    (session.protocol === "ssh" || session.protocol === undefined) &&
-    !session.moshEnabled &&
-    !session.etEnabled &&
-    session.status === "connected"
+    (session.protocol === "ssh" || session.protocol === undefined)
+    && !session.moshEnabled
+    && !session.etEnabled
   );
 }
 
+export function canReuseTerminalConnection(session: TerminalSession): boolean {
+  return isTerminalSessionEligibleForSftpReuse(session) && session.status === "connected";
+}
+
 type CloneSessionOptions = {
   id: string;
   localShellType?: TerminalSession["shellType"];

application/state/uploadService.test.ts

@@ -490,6 +490,374 @@ test("does not replace an existing directory when uploading a same-named file",
   assert.match(results[0].error ?? "", /directory/i);
 });
 
+test("file replace leaves the remote destination so upload can restore mode bits", async () => {
+  // Deleting before overwrite recreates the inode with umask defaults and drops
+  // bits like +x (#2954). Keep the target so stage+rename can restore mode.
+  const file = new File(["new-bytes"], "tool.sh", { lastModified: 1234 });
+  Object.defineProperty(file, "path", { value: "/local/tool.sh" });
+  const deletedPaths: string[] = [];
+  const deletedTypes: Array<string | undefined> = [];
+  const uploadedPaths: string[] = [];
+
+  const results = await uploadFromFileList(
+    [file],
+    {
+      targetPath: "/usr/local/bin",
+      sftpId: "sftp-1",
+      isLocal: false,
+      bridge: {
+        mkdirSftp: async () => {},
+        statSftp: async (_sftpId, path) =>
+          path === "/usr/local/bin/tool.sh"
+            ? { type: "file", size: 9, lastModified: 1000 }
+            : null,
+        deleteSftp: async (_sftpId, path, expectedType) => {
+          deletedPaths.push(path);
+          deletedTypes.push(expectedType);
+        },
+        startStreamTransfer: async ({ targetPath: path }) => {
+          uploadedPaths.push(path);
+          return { transferId: "upload-1" };
+        },
+      },
+      joinPath: (base, name) => `${base}/${name}`,
+      resolveConflict: async () => "replace",
+    },
+  );
+
+  assert.deepEqual(deletedPaths, [], "file replace must not delete before upload");
+  assert.deepEqual(uploadedPaths, ["/usr/local/bin/tool.sh"]);
+  assert.equal(results.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(results[0].success, true);
+});
+
+test("file replace unlinks an existing symlink before upload", async () => {
+  // Leaving the symlink would let in-place upload follow it and overwrite the
+  // link target outside the displayed directory.
+  // Conflict checks use lstatSftp so Replace unlinks the link first.
+  const file = new File(["new-bytes"], "tool.sh", { lastModified: 1234 });
+  Object.defineProperty(file, "path", { value: "/local/tool.sh" });
+  const deletedPaths: string[] = [];
+  const deletedTypes: Array<string | undefined> = [];
+  const uploadedPaths: string[] = [];
+
+  const results = await uploadFromFileList(
+    [file],
+    {
+      targetPath: "/usr/local/bin",
+      sftpId: "sftp-1",
+      isLocal: false,
+      bridge: {
+        mkdirSftp: async () => {},
+        // Followed stat would report type "file" and skip pre-delete.
+        statSftp: async () => ({ type: "file", size: 4096, lastModified: 1000 }),
+        lstatSftp: async (_sftpId, path) =>
+          path === "/usr/local/bin/tool.sh"
+            ? { type: "symlink", size: 12, lastModified: 1000 }
+            : null,
+        deleteSftp: async (_sftpId, path, expectedType) => {
+          deletedPaths.push(path);
+          deletedTypes.push(expectedType);
+        },
+        startStreamTransfer: async ({ targetPath: path }) => {
+          uploadedPaths.push(path);
+          return { transferId: "upload-1" };
+        },
+      },
+      joinPath: (base, name) => `${base}/${name}`,
+      resolveConflict: async () => "replace",
+    },
+  );
+
+  assert.deepEqual(deletedPaths, ["/usr/local/bin/tool.sh"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(deletedTypes, ["symlink"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(uploadedPaths, ["/usr/local/bin/tool.sh"]);
+  assert.equal(results.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(results[0].success, true);
+});
+
+test("LSTAT ENOTSUP is not treated as an absent destination during conflict check", async () => {
+  // If unsupported LSTAT is swallowed as "missing", upload skips Replace and may
+  // write through an existing symlink to a target outside the displayed dir.
+  const file = new File(["new-bytes"], "tool.sh", { lastModified: 1234 });
+  Object.defineProperty(file, "path", { value: "/local/tool.sh" });
+  let uploaded = 0;
+  let conflictPrompts = 0;
+
+  await assert.rejects(
+    () => uploadFromFileList(
+      [file],
+      {
+        targetPath: "/usr/local/bin",
+        sftpId: "sftp-1",
+        isLocal: false,
+        bridge: {
+          mkdirSftp: async () => {},
+          lstatSftp: async () => {
+            const error = new Error(
+              "Remote server does not support LSTAT; cannot classify path without following symlinks",
+            ) as Error & { code: string; lstatUnavailable: boolean };
+            error.code = "ENOTSUP";
+            error.lstatUnavailable = true;
+            throw error;
+          },
+          startStreamTransfer: async () => {
+            uploaded += 1;
+            return { transferId: "upload-1" };
+          },
+        },
+        joinPath: (base, name) => `${base}/${name}`,
+        resolveConflict: async () => {
+          conflictPrompts += 1;
+          return "replace";
+        },
+      },
+    ),
+    (error: Error & { code?: string }) => {
+      assert.equal(error.code, "ENOTSUP");
+      assert.match(String(error.message), /does not support LSTAT/i);
+      return true;
+    },
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(uploaded, 0, "must not upload when destination type is unknown");
+  assert.equal(conflictPrompts, 0, "must not pretend destination is missing");
+});
+
+test("ENOENT from lstat still means absent destination for conflict check", async () => {
+  const file = new File(["new-bytes"], "tool.sh", { lastModified: 1234 });
+  Object.defineProperty(file, "path", { value: "/local/tool.sh" });
+  const uploadedPaths: string[] = [];
+
+  const results = await uploadFromFileList(
+    [file],
+    {
+      targetPath: "/usr/local/bin",
+      sftpId: "sftp-1",
+      isLocal: false,
+      bridge: {
+        mkdirSftp: async () => {},
+        lstatSftp: async () => {
+          const error = new Error("No such file") as Error & { code: string };
+          error.code = "ENOENT";
+          throw error;
+        },
+        startStreamTransfer: async ({ targetPath: path }) => {
+          uploadedPaths.push(path);
+          return { transferId: "upload-1" };
+        },
+      },
+      joinPath: (base, name) => `${base}/${name}`,
+      resolveConflict: async () => {
+        throw new Error("absent destination must not prompt for conflict");
+      },
+    },
+  );
+
+  assert.deepEqual(uploadedPaths, ["/usr/local/bin/tool.sh"]);
+  assert.equal(results.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(results[0].success, true);
+});
+
+test("Electron-wrapped lstat absence still means absent destination", async () => {
+  const file = new File(["new-bytes"], "tool.sh", { lastModified: 1234 });
+  Object.defineProperty(file, "path", { value: "/local/tool.sh" });
+  const uploadedPaths: string[] = [];
+
+  const results = await uploadFromFileList(
+    [file],
+    {
+      targetPath: "/usr/local/bin",
+      sftpId: "sftp-1",
+      isLocal: false,
+      bridge: {
+        mkdirSftp: async () => {},
+        lstatSftp: async () => {
+          throw new Error("Error invoking remote method 'netcatty:sftp:lstat': Error: No such file");
+        },
+        startStreamTransfer: async ({ targetPath: path }) => {
+          uploadedPaths.push(path);
+          return { transferId: "upload-1" };
+        },
+      },
+      joinPath: (base, name) => `${base}/${name}`,
+      resolveConflict: async () => {
+        throw new Error("absent destination must not prompt for conflict");
+      },
+    },
+  );
+
+  assert.deepEqual(uploadedPaths, ["/usr/local/bin/tool.sh"]);
+  assert.equal(results.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(results[0].success, true);
+});
+
+test("compressed-upload LSTAT ENOTSUP is not treated as an absent destination", async (t) => {
+  let compressedStarts = 0;
+  installCompressedUploadBridge(t, {
+    onStart: () => { compressedStarts += 1; },
+  });
+  let streamCalls = 0;
+
+  await assert.rejects(
+    () => uploadFromFileList(
+      [createPickedFolderFile()],
+      {
+        targetPath: "/remote",
+        sftpId: "sftp-1",
+        isLocal: false,
+        bridge: {
+          mkdirSftp: async () => {},
+          lstatSftp: async () => {
+            const error = new Error(
+              "Remote server does not support LSTAT; cannot classify path without following symlinks",
+            ) as Error & { code: string; lstatUnavailable: boolean };
+            error.code = "ENOTSUP";
+            error.lstatUnavailable = true;
+            throw error;
+          },
+          startStreamTransfer: async (payload) => {
+            streamCalls += 1;
+            return { transferId: payload.transferId };
+          },
+        },
+        joinPath: (base, name) => `${base}/${name}`,
+        useCompressedUpload: true,
+        resolveConflict: async () => "merge",
+      },
+    ),
+    (error: Error & { code?: string }) => {
+      assert.equal(error.code, "ENOTSUP");
+      return true;
+    },
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(compressedStarts, 0);
+  assert.equal(streamCalls, 0);
+});
+
+test("directory replace unlinks an existing symlink before mkdir", async () => {
+  // No-follow lstat reports symlink; Replace must unlink then create the dir
+  // (followed stat used to classify symlink-to-dir as directory and succeed).
+  const file = new File(["nested"], "file.txt", { lastModified: 1234 });
+  Object.defineProperty(file, "path", { value: "/local/docs/file.txt" });
+  Object.defineProperty(file, "webkitRelativePath", { value: "docs/file.txt" });
+  const deletedPaths: string[] = [];
+  const deletedTypes: Array<string | undefined> = [];
+  const madeDirs: string[] = [];
+  const uploadedPaths: string[] = [];
+
+  const results = await uploadFromFileList(
+    [file],
+    {
+      targetPath: "/remote",
+      sftpId: "sftp-1",
+      isLocal: false,
+      bridge: {
+        mkdirSftp: async (_sftpId, path) => {
+          madeDirs.push(path);
+        },
+        lstatSftp: async (_sftpId, path) =>
+          path === "/remote/docs"
+            ? { type: "symlink", size: 8, lastModified: 1000 }
+            : null,
+        deleteSftp: async (_sftpId, path, expectedType) => {
+          deletedPaths.push(path);
+          deletedTypes.push(expectedType);
+        },
+        startStreamTransfer: async ({ targetPath: path }) => {
+          uploadedPaths.push(path);
+          return { transferId: "upload-dir-1" };
+        },
+      },
+      joinPath: (base, name) => `${base}/${name}`,
+      resolveConflict: async () => "replace",
+    },
+  );
+
+  assert.deepEqual(deletedPaths, ["/remote/docs"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(deletedTypes, ["symlink"]);
+  assert.ok(madeDirs.includes("/remote/docs"), `expected mkdir after unlink, got ${JSON.stringify(madeDirs)}`);
+  assert.deepEqual(uploadedPaths, ["/remote/docs/file.txt"]);
+  assert.equal(results.some((r) => r.success), true);
+});
+
+test("local file replace unlinks an existing symlink before writeLocalFile", async () => {
+  // Pathless File uploads fall back to writeLocalFile, which follows symlinks.
+  // Conflict checks use lstatLocal so Replace unlinks the link first.
+  const file = new File(["new-bytes"], "tool.sh", { lastModified: 1234 });
+  const deletedPaths: string[] = [];
+  const deletedTypes: Array<string | undefined> = [];
+  const writtenPaths: string[] = [];
+
+  const results = await uploadFromFileList(
+    [file],
+    {
+      targetPath: "/Users/me/bin",
+      sftpId: null,
+      isLocal: true,
+      bridge: {
+        mkdirSftp: async () => {},
+        lstatLocal: async (path) =>
+          path === "/Users/me/bin/tool.sh"
+            ? { type: "symlink", size: 12, lastModified: 1000 }
+            : null,
+        deleteLocalFile: async (path, expectedType) => {
+          deletedPaths.push(path);
+          deletedTypes.push(expectedType);
+        },
+        writeLocalFile: async (path) => {
+          writtenPaths.push(path);
+        },
+      },
+      joinPath: (base, name) => `${base}/${name}`,
+      resolveConflict: async () => "replace",
+    },
+  );
+
+  assert.deepEqual(deletedPaths, ["/Users/me/bin/tool.sh"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(deletedTypes, ["symlink"]);
+  assert.deepEqual(writtenPaths, ["/Users/me/bin/tool.sh"]);
+  assert.equal(results.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(results[0].success, true);
+});
+
+test("local file replace unlinks a regular file before writeLocalFile", async () => {
+  const file = new File(["new-bytes"], "tool.sh", { lastModified: 1234 });
+  const operations: string[] = [];
+
+  const results = await uploadFromFileList(
+    [file],
+    {
+      targetPath: "/Users/me/bin",
+      sftpId: null,
+      isLocal: true,
+      bridge: {
+        mkdirSftp: async () => {},
+        lstatLocal: async (path) =>
+          path === "/Users/me/bin/tool.sh"
+            ? { type: "file", size: 12, lastModified: 1000 }
+            : null,
+        deleteLocalFile: async (path, expectedType) => {
+          operations.push(`delete:${path}:${expectedType}`);
+        },
+        writeLocalFile: async (path) => {
+          operations.push(`write:${path}`);
+        },
+      },
+      joinPath: (base, name) => `${base}/${name}`,
+      resolveConflict: async () => "replace",
+    },
+  );
+
+  assert.deepEqual(operations, [
+    "delete:/Users/me/bin/tool.sh:file",
+    "write:/Users/me/bin/tool.sh",
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(results.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(results[0].success, true);
+});
+
 test("counts apply-to-all upload conflicts by incoming and existing type", async () => {
   const files = [
     new File(["local"], "existing-file", { lastModified: 1234 }),

application/state/useAutoSync.test.ts

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ test("enabled convergent startup checks preview empty-vault recovery before sync
     "conflictActionOverride: 'download-remote'",
     recoveryPromptIndex,
   );
+  const manualTriggerIndex = source.indexOf("trigger: 'manual'", recoveryPromptIndex);
   const normalSyncIndex = source.indexOf(
     "syncNowRef.current({ notifyOnFailure, allowEmptyConvergentSync })",
     cloudWinsIndex,
@@ -118,16 +119,41 @@ test("enabled convergent startup checks preview empty-vault recovery before sync
   assert.notEqual(previewIndex, -1);
   assert.notEqual(recoveryPromptIndex, -1);
   assert.notEqual(cloudWinsIndex, -1);
+  assert.notEqual(manualTriggerIndex, -1);
   assert.notEqual(normalSyncIndex, -1);
   assert.ok(
     convergentGuardIndex < previewIndex
       && previewIndex < recoveryPromptIndex
-      && recoveryPromptIndex < cloudWinsIndex
+      && recoveryPromptIndex < manualTriggerIndex
+      && manualTriggerIndex < cloudWinsIndex
       && cloudWinsIndex < normalSyncIndex,
     "v2 startup must offer recovery and use cloud-wins before the normal CRDT sync path",
   );
 });
 
+test("empty-vault recovery restore bypasses the auto-sync preference gate", () => {
+  const source = readFileSync(new URL("./useAutoSync.ts", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+  const recoveryPromptIndex = source.indexOf("requestEmptyVaultRecovery(recoveryPayload)");
+  const restoreCallIndex = source.indexOf("syncNowRef.current({", recoveryPromptIndex);
+  const triggerIndex = source.indexOf("trigger: 'manual'", restoreCallIndex);
+  const conflictIndex = source.indexOf(
+    "conflictActionOverride: 'download-remote'",
+    restoreCallIndex,
+  );
+  const callEndIndex = source.indexOf("});", conflictIndex);
+
+  assert.notEqual(recoveryPromptIndex, -1);
+  assert.notEqual(restoreCallIndex, -1);
+  assert.notEqual(triggerIndex, -1);
+  assert.notEqual(conflictIndex, -1);
+  assert.ok(
+    restoreCallIndex < triggerIndex
+      && triggerIndex < conflictIndex
+      && conflictIndex < callEndIndex,
+    "recovery Restore must pass trigger:manual so disabled auto-sync cannot block it",
+  );
+});
+
 test("empty v2 startup checks allow a validated empty sync to open the gate", () => {
   const source = readFileSync(new URL("./useAutoSync.ts", import.meta.url), "utf8");
   const convergentGuardIndex = source.indexOf(
@@ -192,6 +218,38 @@ test("auto-sync skips only the exact remote-applied data hash", () => {
   );
 });
 
+test("auto syncNow and debounce re-check manager autoSyncEnabled before pushing", () => {
+  const source = readFileSync(new URL("./useAutoSync.ts", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+  const helperIndex = source.indexOf("function isPersistedAutoSyncEnabled");
+  const syncNowIndex = source.indexOf("const syncNow = useCallback");
+  const autoGateIndex = source.indexOf(
+    "if (trigger === 'auto' && !isPersistedAutoSyncEnabled(manager.getState().autoSyncEnabled))",
+    syncNowIndex,
+  );
+  const debounceIndex = source.indexOf("// Debounced auto-sync when data changes");
+  const fireTimeGateIndex = source.indexOf(
+    "if (!isPersistedAutoSyncEnabled(manager.getState().autoSyncEnabled))",
+    debounceIndex,
+  );
+  const clearTimerIndex = source.indexOf(
+    "if (syncTimeoutRef.current) {\n        clearTimeout(syncTimeoutRef.current);\n        syncTimeoutRef.current = null;\n      }\n      return;",
+    debounceIndex,
+  );
+
+  assert.notEqual(helperIndex, -1);
+  assert.notEqual(syncNowIndex, -1);
+  assert.notEqual(autoGateIndex, -1);
+  assert.notEqual(fireTimeGateIndex, -1);
+  assert.notEqual(clearTimerIndex, -1);
+  assert.ok(
+    helperIndex < syncNowIndex
+      && syncNowIndex < autoGateIndex
+      && debounceIndex < fireTimeGateIndex
+      && debounceIndex < clearTimerIndex,
+    "auto-sync off must gate both syncNow(auto) and the debounced timer path",
+  );
+});
+
 test("startup local-wins and merge round-trips refuse device-bound credential placeholders", () => {
   const source = readFileSync(new URL("./useAutoSync.ts", import.meta.url), "utf8");
   const uploadLocalIndex = source.indexOf("if (conflictAction === 'upload-local')");

application/state/useAutoSync.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import {
   healPoisonedSecretsForMerge,
   stripSyncPayloadEncryptedCredentials,
 } from '../../domain/credentials';
-import { isProviderReadyForSync, type CloudProvider, type SyncPayload } from '../../domain/sync';
+import { isProviderReadyForSync, SYNC_STORAGE_KEYS, type CloudProvider, type SyncPayload } from '../../domain/sync';
 import { mergeSyncPayloads } from '../../domain/syncMerge';
 import { materializeSyncPayloadFromConvergentState } from '../../domain/convergentSync';
 import {
@@ -51,6 +51,19 @@ import {
 import { resolveAutoSyncHashDecision } from './autoSyncHashDecision';
 import { getNotesSnapshot, subscribeNotes } from './notesStore';
 
+/** Prefer dedicated SYNC_PREFERENCES; fall back to legacy SYNC_CONFIG fields. */
+function isPersistedAutoSyncEnabled(fallback: boolean): boolean {
+  const preferences = localStorageAdapter.read<{ autoSync?: boolean }>(
+    SYNC_STORAGE_KEYS.SYNC_PREFERENCES,
+  );
+  if (preferences && typeof preferences === 'object' && preferences.autoSync !== undefined) {
+    return Boolean(preferences.autoSync);
+  }
+  const stored = localStorageAdapter.read<{ autoSync?: boolean }>(SYNC_STORAGE_KEYS.SYNC_CONFIG);
+  if (!stored || typeof stored !== 'object') return fallback;
+  return Boolean(stored.autoSync);
+}
+
 interface AutoSyncConfig {
   enabled?: boolean;
   // Data to sync
@@ -312,6 +325,13 @@ export const useAutoSync = (config: AutoSyncConfig) => {
     }
     const trigger: SyncTrigger = options?.trigger ?? 'auto';
 
+    // Defense for #2976: auto pushes must honor the persisted preference even
+    // when this window's React/manager snapshot is briefly stale after another
+    // window disables auto-sync.
+    if (trigger === 'auto' && !isPersistedAutoSyncEnabled(manager.getState().autoSyncEnabled)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
     isSyncRunningRef.current = true;
     try {
       // Get fresh state directly from CloudSyncManager singleton
@@ -671,7 +691,10 @@ export const useAutoSync = (config: AutoSyncConfig) => {
           if (recoveryPayload && shouldPromptCloudVaultRecovery(localPayload, recoveryPayload)) {
             const userAction = await requestEmptyVaultRecovery(recoveryPayload);
             if (userAction === 'restore') {
+              // Explicit recovery must not honor the auto-sync preference gate:
+              // the user already confirmed Restore in the dialog.
               const restored = await syncNowRef.current({
+                trigger: 'manual',
                 notifyOnFailure,
                 conflictActionOverride: 'download-remote',
               });
@@ -973,6 +996,12 @@ export const useAutoSync = (config: AutoSyncConfig) => {
     }
     // Skip if not ready
     if (!sync.hasAnyConnectedProvider || !sync.autoSyncEnabled || !sync.isUnlocked) {
+      // Drop any pending debounce when auto-sync (or readiness) turns off so a
+      // timer scheduled while enabled cannot fire after the toggle (#2976).
+      if (syncTimeoutRef.current) {
+        clearTimeout(syncTimeoutRef.current);
+        syncTimeoutRef.current = null;
+      }
       return;
     }
 
@@ -1030,6 +1059,12 @@ export const useAutoSync = (config: AutoSyncConfig) => {
           return;
         }
 
+        // Re-check at fire time: auto-sync may have been disabled in another
+        // window during the debounce window (#2976).
+        if (!isPersistedAutoSyncEnabled(manager.getState().autoSyncEnabled)) {
+          return;
+        }
+
         // Wait for the current sync to finish, then this effect will re-run
         // because sync.isSyncing changed.
         if (sync.isSyncing || isSyncRunningRef.current) {

application/state/useExternalMcpSessionSync.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+import test from 'node:test';
+
+import { createLatestPayloadSync } from './useExternalMcpSessionSync.ts';
+
+const hookSource = readFileSync(new URL('./useExternalMcpSessionSync.ts', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const appSource = readFileSync(new URL('../app/AppSideEffects.tsx', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const preloadSource = readFileSync(new URL('../../electron/preload/api.cjs', import.meta.url), 'utf8');
+const handlerSource = readFileSync(
+  new URL('../../electron/bridges/aiBridge/agentProcessHandlers.cjs', import.meta.url),
+  'utf8',
+);
+
+test('app live session sync stays mounted and is independent of External MCP enablement', () => {
+  assert.match(appSource, /useExternalMcpSessionSync\(\{/);
+  assert.match(hookSource, /bridge\.aiMcpUpdateLiveSessions\?\.\(nextPayload\)/);
+  assert.match(hookSource, /liveSyncRef\.current\.push\(payload, serialized\)/);
+  assert.match(hookSource, /bridge\.aiMcpUpdateSessions\?\.\(/);
+  assert.match(hookSource, /externalSyncRef\.current\.push\(payload, serialized\)/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(
+    hookSource,
+    /if \(!enabled\)[\s\S]{0,300}aiMcpUpdateLiveSessions/,
+  );
+});
+
+test('live session sync has a complete renderer to main-process IPC path', () => {
+  assert.match(preloadSource, /netcatty:ai:mcp:update-live-sessions/);
+  assert.match(handlerSource, /netcatty:ai:mcp:update-live-sessions/);
+  assert.match(handlerSource, /mcpServerBridge\.updateLiveSessionMetadata/);
+});
+
+test('latest payload sync converges to A-B-A while B is in flight', async () => {
+  let releaseB: (() => void) | undefined;
+  const sent: string[] = [];
+  const sync = createLatestPayloadSync(async (payload: string) => {
+    sent.push(payload);
+    if (payload === 'B') {
+      await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+        releaseB = resolve;
+      });
+    }
+    return { ok: true };
+  });
+
+  await sync.push('A');
+  const sendingB = sync.push('B');
+  void sync.push('A');
+  releaseB?.();
+  await sendingB;
+
+  assert.deepEqual(sent, ['A', 'B', 'A']);
+});
+
+test('cancelling a payload sync drops a queued update', async () => {
+  let releaseA: (() => void) | undefined;
+  const sent: string[] = [];
+  const sync = createLatestPayloadSync(async (payload: string) => {
+    sent.push(payload);
+    if (payload === 'A') {
+      await new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+        releaseA = resolve;
+      });
+    }
+    return { ok: true };
+  });
+
+  const sendingA = sync.push('A');
+  void sync.push('B');
+  sync.cancel();
+  releaseA?.();
+  await sendingA;
+
+  assert.deepEqual(sent, ['A']);
+});

application/state/useExternalMcpSessionSync.ts

@@ -17,6 +17,49 @@ type UseExternalMcpSessionSyncOptions = {
   portForwardingRules: PortForwardingRule[];
 };
 
+export function createLatestPayloadSync<T>(
+  send: (payload: T) => Promise<unknown>,
+) {
+  let desired: { serialized: string; payload: T } | null = null;
+  let acknowledged = '';
+  let inFlight: Promise<void> | null = null;
+  let cancelled = false;
+
+  const pump = async () => {
+    while (!cancelled && desired && desired.serialized !== acknowledged) {
+      const target = desired;
+      try {
+        const result = await send(target.payload);
+        if (cancelled) break;
+        if (result && typeof result === 'object' && 'ok' in result && (result as { ok?: boolean }).ok === false) {
+          if (desired === target) break;
+          continue;
+        }
+        acknowledged = target.serialized;
+      } catch {
+        if (desired === target) break;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  return {
+    push(payload: T, serialized = JSON.stringify(payload)): Promise<void> {
+      if (cancelled) return Promise.resolve();
+      desired = { payload, serialized };
+      if (!inFlight) {
+        inFlight = pump().finally(() => {
+          inFlight = null;
+        });
+      }
+      return inFlight;
+    },
+    cancel(): void {
+      cancelled = true;
+      desired = null;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
 function isMainAppWindow(): boolean {
   if (typeof window === 'undefined') return false;
   const hash = window.location.hash || '';
@@ -43,7 +86,6 @@ export function useExternalMcpSessionSync({
     void enabledTick;
     return readExternalMcpStoredEnabled();
   }, [enabledTick]);
-  const syncGenerationRef = useRef(0);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const bump = () => setEnabledTick((value) => value + 1);
@@ -77,34 +119,41 @@ export function useExternalMcpSessionSync({
     });
   }, [sessions, sessionHostsMap, hosts, portForwardingRules]);
 
-  const lastSentSerializedRef = useRef('');
+  const liveSyncRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof createLatestPayloadSync<typeof payload>> | null>(null);
+  const externalSyncRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof createLatestPayloadSync<typeof payload>> | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!isMainAppWindow()) return;
+    const bridge = netcattyBridge.get();
+    if (!bridge?.aiMcpUpdateLiveSessions) return;
+    const serialized = JSON.stringify(payload);
+    liveSyncRef.current ??= createLatestPayloadSync((nextPayload) => (
+      Promise.resolve(bridge.aiMcpUpdateLiveSessions?.(nextPayload))
+    ));
+    void liveSyncRef.current.push(payload, serialized);
+  }, [payload]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!isMainAppWindow()) return;
     if (!enabled) {
-      syncGenerationRef.current += 1;
-      lastSentSerializedRef.current = '';
+      // Recreate the synchronizer after re-enabling because disabling can
+      // clear the main-process scope even when the renderer payload is equal.
+      externalSyncRef.current?.cancel();
+      externalSyncRef.current = null;
       return;
     }
     const bridge = netcattyBridge.get();
     if (!bridge?.aiMcpUpdateSessions) return;
 
     const serialized = JSON.stringify(payload);
-    if (serialized === lastSentSerializedRef.current) return;
-
-    const generation = ++syncGenerationRef.current;
     const timeoutId = window.setTimeout(() => {
-      void Promise.resolve(bridge.aiMcpUpdateSessions?.(payload, EXTERNAL_MCP_CHAT_SESSION_ID))
-        .then((result) => {
-          if (generation !== syncGenerationRef.current) return;
-          if (result && typeof result === 'object' && 'ok' in result && (result as { ok?: boolean }).ok === false) {
-            return;
-          }
-          lastSentSerializedRef.current = serialized;
-        })
-        .catch(() => {
-          // Leave the ref unset so the next effect can retry.
-        });
+      externalSyncRef.current ??= createLatestPayloadSync((nextPayload) => (
+        Promise.resolve(bridge.aiMcpUpdateSessions?.(
+          nextPayload,
+          EXTERNAL_MCP_CHAT_SESSION_ID,
+        ))
+      ));
+      void externalSyncRef.current.push(payload, serialized);
     }, 250);
 
     return () => {

application/state/useOutputTriggers.test.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
+import React from 'react';
+import { act, create, type ReactTestRenderer } from 'react-test-renderer';
 import {
   createDeferredOutputTriggerEventProcessor,
   createOutputTriggerScanBuffer,
@@ -7,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   findMatchEndingAfter,
   hasApplicableOutputTriggerSnippet,
   inspectDroppedOutputOverflowAlternateScreenState,
+  useOutputTriggers,
 } from './useOutputTriggers.ts';
 import { createTerminalOutputTriggerFilter } from '@/domain/terminalOutputTriggerFilter.ts';
 import type { Snippet } from '@/domain/models';
@@ -93,6 +96,80 @@ test('hasApplicableOutputTriggerSnippet requires a runnable output trigger for t
   assert.equal(hasApplicableOutputTriggerSnippet(snippets, 'host-a'), true);
 });
 
+test('hasApplicableOutputTriggerSnippet follows the host current group', () => {
+  const snippets: Snippet[] = [{
+    id: 'group-trigger',
+    label: 'Group trigger',
+    command: '',
+    kind: 'script',
+    trigger: 'onOutput',
+    triggerPattern: 'READY',
+    targetGroups: ['Production'],
+  }];
+  assert.equal(
+    hasApplicableOutputTriggerSnippet(snippets, { id: 'host-a', group: 'Production/Web' }),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    hasApplicableOutputTriggerSnippet(snippets, { id: 'host-a', group: 'Staging' }),
+    false,
+  );
+});
+
+test('equivalent host objects do not reset a pending output trigger match', async () => {
+  const actEnvironment = globalThis as typeof globalThis & {
+    IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT?: boolean;
+  };
+  const previousActEnvironment = actEnvironment.IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT;
+  actEnvironment.IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT = true;
+  const snippets: Snippet[] = [{
+    id: 'stable-host-trigger',
+    label: 'Stable host trigger',
+    command: '',
+    kind: 'script',
+    trigger: 'onOutput',
+    triggerPattern: 'READY',
+    targetGroups: ['Production'],
+  }];
+  let appendOutput: ((chunk: string) => void) | undefined;
+  let runCount = 0;
+  let renderer: ReactTestRenderer | null = null;
+  const onRunScript = () => {
+    runCount += 1;
+  };
+
+  const Probe = ({ host }: { host: { id: string; group: string } }) => {
+    appendOutput = useOutputTriggers({
+      sessionId: 'session-1',
+      host,
+      snippets,
+      onRunScript,
+    }).appendOutput;
+    return null;
+  };
+
+  await act(async () => {
+    renderer = create(React.createElement(Probe, {
+      host: { id: 'host-a', group: 'Production/Web' },
+    }));
+  });
+  try {
+    await act(async () => {
+      appendOutput?.('REA');
+      renderer?.update(React.createElement(Probe, {
+        host: { id: 'host-a', group: 'Production/Web' },
+      }));
+      appendOutput?.('DY');
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 40));
+    });
+  } finally {
+    await act(async () => renderer?.unmount());
+    actEnvironment.IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT = previousActEnvironment;
+  }
+
+  assert.equal(runCount, 1);
+});
+
 test('output trigger scan buffer consumes scanned content and only keeps overlap', () => {
   const buffer = createOutputTriggerScanBuffer(4);
 

application/state/useOutputTriggers.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef } from 'react';
-import type { Snippet } from '@/domain/models';
+import type { Host, Snippet } from '@/domain/models';
 import { snippetAppliesToOutputTrigger } from '@/domain/snippetTargets.ts';
 import { isScriptSnippet } from '@/domain/snippetScript.ts';
 import {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const OUTPUT_TRIGGER_DROPPED_OVERFLOW_SCAN_WINDOW_CHARS = 2048;
 
 type OutputTriggerContext = {
   sessionId: string;
-  hostId?: string;
+  host?: Pick<Host, 'id' | 'group'>;
   snippets: Snippet[];
   onRunScript: (snippet: Snippet, sessionId: string) => void | Promise<void>;
 };
@@ -575,22 +575,31 @@ export function findMatchEndingAfter(text: string, pattern: string, minEndOffset
   return null;
 }
 
-export function hasApplicableOutputTriggerSnippet(snippets: Snippet[], hostId?: string): boolean {
+export function hasApplicableOutputTriggerSnippet(
+  snippets: Snippet[],
+  host?: Pick<Host, 'id' | 'group'> | string,
+): boolean {
   return snippets.some((snippet) => (
     isScriptSnippet(snippet)
     && snippet.trigger === 'onOutput'
     && Boolean(snippet.triggerPattern)
     && Boolean(snippet.id)
-    && snippetAppliesToOutputTrigger(snippet, hostId)
+    && snippetAppliesToOutputTrigger(snippet, host)
   ));
 }
 
 export function useOutputTriggers({
   sessionId,
-  hostId,
+  host,
   snippets,
   onRunScript,
 }: OutputTriggerContext) {
+  const targetHostId = host?.id;
+  const targetHostGroup = host?.group;
+  const targetHost = useMemo(
+    () => targetHostId ? { id: targetHostId, group: targetHostGroup } : undefined,
+    [targetHostGroup, targetHostId],
+  );
   const launchingRef = useRef(false);
   const lastTriggerMatchEndRef = useRef(new Map<string, number>());
   const serverOutputFilterRef = useRef(createTerminalOutputTriggerFilter());
@@ -600,8 +609,8 @@ export function useOutputTriggers({
   const pendingDroppedOverflowFinalActionRef = useRef<'leave' | null>(null);
   const pendingDroppedOverflowScanStateResetRef = useRef(false);
   const hasOutputTriggers = useMemo(
-    () => hasApplicableOutputTriggerSnippet(snippets, hostId),
-    [hostId, snippets],
+    () => hasApplicableOutputTriggerSnippet(snippets, targetHost),
+    [snippets, targetHost],
   );
 
   const scanOutput = useCallback((scannableText: string) => {
@@ -621,7 +630,7 @@ export function useOutputTriggers({
       if (!isScriptSnippet(snippet) || snippet.trigger !== 'onOutput' || !snippet.triggerPattern || !snippet.id) {
         continue;
       }
-      if (!snippetAppliesToOutputTrigger(snippet, hostId)) continue;
+      if (!snippetAppliesToOutputTrigger(snippet, targetHost)) continue;
       try {
         const matched = findMatchEndingAfter(scanWindow.text, snippet.triggerPattern, scanWindow.minEndOffset);
         if (!matched) {
@@ -647,7 +656,7 @@ export function useOutputTriggers({
         // ignore invalid regex
       }
     }
-  }, [hasOutputTriggers, hostId, onRunScript, sessionId, snippets]);
+  }, [hasOutputTriggers, onRunScript, sessionId, snippets, targetHost]);
 
   const scanOutputRef = useRef(scanOutput);
   scanOutputRef.current = scanOutput;
@@ -813,7 +822,7 @@ export function useOutputTriggers({
     outputTriggerScanSuppressedRef.current = false;
     pendingDroppedOverflowFinalActionRef.current = null;
     pendingDroppedOverflowScanStateResetRef.current = false;
-  }, [sessionId, hostId, hasOutputTriggers, outputTriggerEventProcessor]);
+  }, [sessionId, targetHost, hasOutputTriggers, outputTriggerEventProcessor]);
 
   useEffect(() => () => {
     outputTriggerEventProcessor.reset();

application/state/useSettingsState.ts

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ import {
   STORAGE_KEY_SESSION_LOGS_ENABLED,
   STORAGE_KEY_RESTORE_PREVIOUS_SESSION,
   STORAGE_KEY_RESTORE_TERMINAL_CWD,
+  STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING,
   STORAGE_KEY_SESSION_LOGS_DIR,
   STORAGE_KEY_SESSION_LOGS_FORMAT,
   STORAGE_KEY_SESSION_LOGS_TIMESTAMPS_ENABLED,
@@ -146,6 +147,10 @@ import {
   type HostClickBehavior,
 } from './settingsStateDefaults';
 import { isHostClickBehavior } from '../../domain/hostClickBehavior';
+import {
+  resolveStartupLandingSetting,
+  type StartupLanding,
+} from '../../domain/startupLanding';
 import { resolveRestorePreviousSessionSetting, resolveRestoreTerminalCwdSetting } from './sessionRestoreSettings';
 import { sessionRestoreStorage } from './sessionRestoreStorage';
 import { useSettingsStorageSync } from './settingsStorageSync';
@@ -431,6 +436,9 @@ export const useSettingsState = (options: { enableSettingsSync?: boolean; enable
     const stored = localStorageAdapter.readBoolean(STORAGE_KEY_RESTORE_TERMINAL_CWD);
     return resolveRestoreTerminalCwdSetting(stored);
   });
+  const [startupLanding, setStartupLandingState] = useState<StartupLanding>(() => {
+    return resolveStartupLandingSetting(readStoredString(STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING));
+  });
   const [sftpTransferConcurrency, setSftpTransferConcurrencyState] = useState<number>(() => {
     return resolveSftpTransferConcurrency(() =>
       localStorageAdapter.readNumber(STORAGE_KEY_SFTP_TRANSFER_CONCURRENCY),
@@ -955,6 +963,7 @@ export const useSettingsState = (options: { enableSettingsSync?: boolean; enable
     setRestorePreviousSessionState(resolveRestorePreviousSessionSetting(storedRestorePreviousSession));
     const storedRestoreTerminalCwd = localStorageAdapter.readBoolean(STORAGE_KEY_RESTORE_TERMINAL_CWD);
     setRestoreTerminalCwdState(resolveRestoreTerminalCwdSetting(storedRestoreTerminalCwd));
+    setStartupLandingState(resolveStartupLandingSetting(readStoredString(STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING)));
 
     // Workspace focus style
     const storedFocusStyle = readStoredString(STORAGE_KEY_WORKSPACE_FOCUS_STYLE);
@@ -1123,6 +1132,7 @@ export const useSettingsState = (options: { enableSettingsSync?: boolean; enable
     setDisableTerminalFontZoomState,
     setRestorePreviousSessionState,
     setRestoreTerminalCwdState,
+    setStartupLandingState,
     setSftpTransferConcurrencyState,
     setSshTransportIdleTtlMsState,
   });
@@ -1153,7 +1163,7 @@ export const useSettingsState = (options: { enableSettingsSync?: boolean; enable
     terminalThemeId, followAppTerminalTheme, terminalFontFamilyId, terminalFontSize,
     sftpDoubleClickBehavior, sftpAutoSync, sftpShowHiddenFiles,
     sftpUseCompressedUpload, sftpSkipUnchanged, sftpAutoOpenSidebar, sftpFollowTerminalCwd, sftpDefaultViewMode,
-    showRecentHosts, hostClickBehavior, showOnlyUngroupedHostsInRoot, showSftpTab, showHostTreeSidebar, terminalSidePanelAutoOpen, terminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab, shellOnlyTabNumberShortcuts, showTabNumberBadges, disableTerminalFontZoom, restorePreviousSession, restoreTerminalCwd,
+    showRecentHosts, hostClickBehavior, showOnlyUngroupedHostsInRoot, showSftpTab, showHostTreeSidebar, terminalSidePanelAutoOpen, terminalSidePanelAutoOpenTab, shellOnlyTabNumberShortcuts, showTabNumberBadges, disableTerminalFontZoom, restorePreviousSession, restoreTerminalCwd, startupLanding,
     editorWordWrap, sessionLogsEnabled, sessionLogsDir, sessionLogsFormat, sessionLogsTimestampsEnabled, sshDebugLogsEnabled, sshDeepLinkEnabled, jmsDeepLinkEnabled, explorerContextMenuEnabled,
     globalHotkeyEnabled, autoUpdateEnabled, windowOpacity, appIconVariant,
     setTheme, setLightUiThemeId, setDarkUiThemeId, setAccentMode,
@@ -1163,7 +1173,7 @@ export const useSettingsState = (options: { enableSettingsSync?: boolean; enable
     setFollowAppTerminalThemeState, setTerminalFontFamilyId, setTerminalFontSize: applyIncomingTerminalFontSize,
     setSftpDoubleClickBehavior, setSftpAutoSync, setSftpShowHiddenFiles,
     setSftpUseCompressedUpload, setSftpSkipUnchanged, setSftpAutoOpenSidebar, setSftpFollowTerminalCwd, setSftpDefaultViewMode,
-    setShowRecentHostsState, setHostClickBehaviorState, setShowOnlyUngroupedHostsInRootState, setShowSftpTabState, setShowHostTreeSidebarState, setTerminalSidePanelAutoOpenState, setTerminalSidePanelAutoOpenTabState, setShellOnlyTabNumberShortcutsState, setShowTabNumberBadgesState, setDisableTerminalFontZoomState, setRestorePreviousSessionState, setRestoreTerminalCwdState,
+    setShowRecentHostsState, setHostClickBehaviorState, setShowOnlyUngroupedHostsInRootState, setShowSftpTabState, setShowHostTreeSidebarState, setTerminalSidePanelAutoOpenState, setTerminalSidePanelAutoOpenTabState, setShellOnlyTabNumberShortcutsState, setShowTabNumberBadgesState, setDisableTerminalFontZoomState, setRestorePreviousSessionState, setRestoreTerminalCwdState, setStartupLandingState,
     setEditorWordWrapState, setSessionLogsEnabled, setSessionLogsDir, setSessionLogsFormat, setSessionLogsTimestampsEnabled, setSshDebugLogsEnabled, setSshDeepLinkEnabledState: applyIncomingSshDeepLinkEnabled, setJmsDeepLinkEnabledState: applyIncomingJmsDeepLinkEnabled, setExplorerContextMenuEnabledState: applyIncomingExplorerContextMenuEnabled,
     setGlobalHotkeyEnabled, setWindowOpacity: applyIncomingWindowOpacity, setAppIconVariant, setAutoUpdateEnabled, setWorkspaceFocusStyleState,
     setSftpTransferConcurrencyState, setSshTransportIdleTtlMsState,
@@ -1360,6 +1370,13 @@ export const useSettingsState = (options: { enableSettingsSync?: boolean; enable
     notifySettingsChanged(STORAGE_KEY_RESTORE_TERMINAL_CWD, enabled);
   }, [notifySettingsChanged]);
 
+  const setStartupLanding = useCallback((landing: StartupLanding) => {
+    setStartupLandingState(landing);
+    localStorageAdapter.writeString(STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING, landing);
+    if (!persistMountedRef.current) return;
+    notifySettingsChanged(STORAGE_KEY_STARTUP_LANDING, landing);
+  }, [notifySettingsChanged]);
+
   // Apply and persist custom CSS
   useEffect(() => {
     applyCustomCssToDocument(customCSS);
@@ -1964,6 +1981,8 @@ export const useSettingsState = (options: { enableSettingsSync?: boolean; enable
     setRestorePreviousSession,
     restoreTerminalCwd,
     setRestoreTerminalCwd,
+    startupLanding,
+    setStartupLanding,
     sftpTransferConcurrency,
     setSftpTransferConcurrency,
     sshTransportIdleTtlMs,

application/state/useSftpState.ts

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import { buildSftpHostCredentials } from "./sftp/useSftpHostCredentials";
 import { useSftpFileWatch } from "./sftp/useSftpFileWatch";
 import { useSftpSessionCleanup } from "./sftp/useSftpSessionCleanup";
 import { useSftpSessionErrors } from "./sftp/useSftpSessionErrors";
-import { ensureRemoteSftpSession } from "./sftp/ensureRemoteSftpSession";
+import { ensureRemoteSftpSession, probeSftpSession } from "./sftp/ensureRemoteSftpSession";
 import { openTransferSftpSession } from "./sftp/dedicatedTransferResume";
 import {
   createTransferPoolKeyCache,
@@ -316,9 +316,7 @@ export const useSftpState = (
       // Prefer borrowing the live (or parked) terminal SSH transport so MFA is
       // not repeated. Transport leases keep the shared conn alive after the
       // terminal tab closes until the transfer SFTP lease is returned.
-      const sourceSessionId = !host.sftpSudo
-        ? resolveTransferSourceSessionId?.(host.id, host)
-        : undefined;
+      const sourceSessionId = resolveTransferSourceSessionId?.(host.id, host);
       if (sourceSessionId) {
         try {
           logger.info(
@@ -608,16 +606,7 @@ export const useSftpState = (
         forceReconnect: ensureOptions?.forceReconnect,
         releaseConnection,
         tabId,
-        probeSession: async (sftpId) => {
-          // Lightweight liveness check; any session-error from the bridge
-          // triggers a reconnect in ensureRemoteSftpSession.
-          if (!bridge?.getSftpHomeDir) return true;
-          const result = await bridge.getSftpHomeDir(sftpId);
-          if (result && result.success === false) {
-            throw new Error(result.error || "SFTP session not found");
-          }
-          return true;
-        },
+        probeSession: (sftpId) => probeSftpSession(bridge, sftpId),
       });
     },
     resolveConnectedHost: (tabId) => connectedHostByTabIdRef.current.get(tabId) ?? null,
@@ -704,6 +693,12 @@ export const useSftpState = (
         const pane = getActivePane(side);
         if (!pane?.connection || pane.connection.isLocal) continue;
         if (sftpSessionsRef.current.has(pane.connection.id)) continue;
+        const connectedHost = connectedHostByTabIdRef.current.get(pane.id) ?? null;
+        const vaultHost = hosts.find((host) => host.id === pane.connection?.hostId) ?? null;
+        const targetHost = connectedHost && connectedHost !== "local" ? connectedHost : vaultHost;
+        const resolvedSourceSessionId = targetHost
+          ? resolveBrowseSourceSessionId?.(targetHost.id, targetHost)
+          : undefined;
         try {
           await ensureRemoteSftpSession({
             side,
@@ -713,16 +708,10 @@ export const useSftpState = (
             connect,
             resolveConnectedHost: (id) => connectedHostByTabIdRef.current.get(id) ?? null,
             resolveHostById: (hostId) => hosts.find((host) => host.id === hostId) ?? null,
-            resolveSourceSessionId: resolveBrowseSourceSessionId,
-            probeSession: async (sftpId) => {
-              const bridge = netcattyBridge.get();
-              if (!bridge?.getSftpHomeDir) return true;
-              const result = await bridge.getSftpHomeDir(sftpId);
-              if (result && result.success === false) {
-                throw new Error(result.error || "SFTP session not found");
-              }
-              return true;
-            },
+            resolveSourceSessionId: resolvedSourceSessionId
+              ? () => resolvedSourceSessionId
+              : resolveBrowseSourceSessionId,
+            probeSession: (sftpId) => probeSftpSession(netcattyBridge.get(), sftpId),
             releaseConnection,
           });
           logger.info(`[SFTP] Restored browse session on ${side}`);

application/state/useVaultAgentBridge.test.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   resolveVaultAgentEffectiveHost,
   resolveVaultAgentNotes,
 } from './useVaultAgentBridge';
+import type { Host } from '../../domain/models';
 import { publishNotesSnapshot } from './notesStore';
 
 type Snapshot = Parameters<typeof haveSameVaultAgentSnapshot>[0];
@@ -28,10 +29,10 @@ describe('haveSameVaultAgentSnapshot', () => {
 
 describe('resolveVaultAgentEffectiveHost', () => {
   it('uses the latest snapshotted group defaults', () => {
-    const host = {
+    const host: Host = {
       id: 'host-1', label: 'Host', hostname: 'host.test', username: 'root',
       group: 'production', tags: [], os: 'linux',
-    } as const;
+    };
 
     assert.equal(
       resolveVaultAgentEffectiveHost(host, [{ path: 'production', protocol: 'telnet' }], []).protocol,

application/state/useVaultAgentBridge.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ import {
   resolveDefaultKeyPassphraseAliases,
 } from '../defaultKeyPassphrases';
 import { getNotesActions, getNotesSnapshot, subscribeNotes } from './notesStore';
+import type {
+  VaultGroupMutationResult,
+  VaultGroupMutationState,
+} from '../../domain/vaultGroupMutation';
 
 export interface UseVaultAgentBridgeInput {
   hosts: Host[];
@@ -29,12 +33,17 @@ export interface UseVaultAgentBridgeInput {
   terminalSettings?: Pick<TerminalSettings, 'keepaliveInterval' | 'keepaliveCountMax'>;
   updateHosts: (hosts: Host[]) => void;
   updateKeys: (keys: SSHKey[]) => Promise<unknown> | unknown;
-  updateSnippets: (snippets: Snippet[]) => void;
+  updateSnippets: (
+    snippets: Snippet[] | ((current: Snippet[]) => Snippet[]),
+  ) => void;
   customGroups: string[];
   updateCustomGroups: (groups: string[]) => void;
   groupConfigs: GroupConfig[];
   updateGroupConfigs: (configs: GroupConfig[]) => void;
   updateManagedSources: (sources: ManagedSource[]) => void;
+  commitVaultGroupMutation: (
+    mutate: (current: VaultGroupMutationState) => VaultGroupMutationResult,
+  ) => Promise<VaultGroupMutationResult | { ok: false; superseded: true }>;
   updatePortForwardingRules: (rules: PortForwardingRule[]) => void;
   /** Optional override; defaults to notesStore so App need not subscribe to notes. */
   notes?: VaultNote[];
@@ -185,6 +194,17 @@ export function useVaultAgentBridge(input: UseVaultAgentBridgeInput): void {
           vaultSnapshotRef.current.hosts = hosts;
           current.updateHosts(hosts);
         },
+        commitVaultGroupMutation: async (mutate) => {
+          const result = await current.commitVaultGroupMutation(mutate);
+          if (result.ok) {
+            vaultSnapshotRef.current.customGroups = result.state.groups;
+            vaultSnapshotRef.current.groupConfigs = result.state.configs;
+            vaultSnapshotRef.current.hosts = result.state.hosts;
+            vaultSnapshotRef.current.managedSources = result.state.managedSources;
+            vaultSnapshotRef.current.snippets = result.state.snippets;
+          }
+          return result;
+        },
         saveKeyPassphrase: (keyPath, passphrase) => rememberKeyPassphrase({
           keyPath,
           passphrase,
@@ -222,9 +242,11 @@ export function useVaultAgentBridge(input: UseVaultAgentBridgeInput): void {
           vaultSnapshotRef.current.notes = notes;
           applyUpdateNotes(notes);
         },
-        updateSnippets: (nextSnippets) => {
-          vaultSnapshotRef.current.snippets = nextSnippets;
-          current.updateSnippets(nextSnippets);
+        updateSnippets: (snippetUpdate) => {
+          vaultSnapshotRef.current.snippets = typeof snippetUpdate === 'function'
+            ? snippetUpdate(vaultSnapshotRef.current.snippets)
+            : snippetUpdate;
+          current.updateSnippets(snippetUpdate);
         },
         startTunnel: current.startTunnel,
         stopTunnel: current.stopTunnel,

application/state/useVaultGroupDeletion.test.tsx

@@ -31,19 +31,16 @@ test("group deletion removes saved settings in the same Vault transaction", asyn
       managedSources: storedSources,
       onReadPersistedHosts: async () => [],
       onReadPersistedManagedSources: () => storedSources,
-      onCommitVaultImportTransaction: async (
-        _hosts,
-        updateGroups,
-        updateSources,
-        updateGroupConfigs,
-      ) => {
-        committedGroupConfigs = updateGroupConfigs?.(storedGroupConfigs) ?? storedGroupConfigs;
-        return {
-          status: "persisted",
-          groups: updateGroups(storedGroups),
-          sources: updateSources(storedSources),
-          groupConfigs: committedGroupConfigs,
-        };
+      onCommitVaultGroupMutation: async (mutate) => {
+        const result = mutate({
+          groups: storedGroups,
+          configs: storedGroupConfigs,
+          hosts: [],
+          managedSources: storedSources,
+          snippets: [],
+        });
+        if (result.ok) committedGroupConfigs = result.state.configs;
+        return result;
       },
     });
     return null;
@@ -102,14 +99,9 @@ test("group deletion restores managed files when the persisted Vault cannot be r
       onClearAndRemoveManagedSources: async () => async () => {
         restoreCount += 1;
       },
-      onCommitVaultImportTransaction: async () => {
+      onCommitVaultGroupMutation: async () => {
         commitCount += 1;
-        return {
-          status: "persisted",
-          groups: [],
-          sources: [],
-          groupConfigs: [],
-        };
+        throw new Error("unexpected commit");
       },
     });
     return null;
@@ -187,21 +179,15 @@ test("group deletion retries file clearing when another managed source enters th
           restoreCount += 1;
         };
       },
-      onCommitVaultImportTransaction: async (
-        _hosts,
-        updateGroups,
-        updateSources,
-        updateGroupConfigs,
-        expectedHosts,
-      ) => {
+      onCommitVaultGroupMutation: async (mutate) => {
         commitCount += 1;
-        assert.deepEqual(expectedHosts, []);
-        return {
-          status: "persisted",
-          groups: updateGroups(["Production"]),
-          sources: updateSources([firstSource, concurrentSource]),
-          groupConfigs: updateGroupConfigs?.([]) ?? [],
-        };
+        return mutate({
+          groups: ["Production"],
+          configs: [],
+          hosts: [],
+          managedSources: [firstSource, concurrentSource],
+          snippets: [],
+        });
       },
     });
     return null;
@@ -228,3 +214,67 @@ test("group deletion retries file clearing when another managed source enters th
   assert.equal(restoreCount, 1);
   assert.equal(commitCount, 1);
 });
+
+test("group deletion restores managed files and does not report success when commit fails", async () => {
+  const actEnvironment = globalThis as typeof globalThis & {
+    IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT?: boolean;
+  };
+  const previousActEnvironment = actEnvironment.IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT;
+  actEnvironment.IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT = true;
+
+  const source: ManagedSource = {
+    id: "managed-production",
+    type: "ssh_config",
+    filePath: "/tmp/managed-production.conf",
+    groupName: "Production",
+    lastSyncedAt: 1,
+  };
+  let deleteGroups: ((paths: Iterable<string>) => Promise<void>) | undefined;
+  let renderer: ReactTestRenderer | null = null;
+  let restoreCount = 0;
+  let reportedCount = 0;
+
+  const Probe = () => {
+    deleteGroups = useVaultGroupDeletion({
+      customGroups: ["Production"],
+      hosts: [],
+      groupConfigs: [],
+      managedSources: [source],
+      onReadPersistedHosts: async () => [],
+      onReadPersistedManagedSources: () => [source],
+      onClearAndRemoveManagedSources: async () => async () => {
+        restoreCount += 1;
+      },
+      onCommitVaultGroupMutation: async () => {
+        throw new Error("Vault quota exhausted");
+      },
+      onDeletedPaths: () => {
+        reportedCount += 1;
+      },
+    });
+    return null;
+  };
+
+  let deletionError: unknown;
+  try {
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer = create(React.createElement(Probe));
+    });
+    try {
+      await act(async () => {
+        await deleteGroups?.(["Production"]);
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      deletionError = error;
+    }
+  } finally {
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer?.unmount();
+    });
+    actEnvironment.IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT = previousActEnvironment;
+  }
+
+  assert.match(String(deletionError), /quota exhausted/i);
+  assert.equal(restoreCount, 1);
+  assert.equal(reportedCount, 0);
+});

application/state/useVaultGroupDeletion.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 import { useCallback, useRef } from "react";
 
 import type { GroupConfig, Host, ManagedSource } from "../../domain/models";
+import { removeSnippetTargetGroupPaths } from "../../domain/hostGroupPathMutations";
 import { buildVaultGroupDeletion } from "../../domain/vaultGroupDeletion";
+import type {
+  VaultGroupMutationResult,
+  VaultGroupMutationState,
+} from "../../domain/vaultGroupMutation";
 import {
   type VaultLockHandle,
   withVaultImportLock,
@@ -26,7 +31,7 @@ export function useVaultGroupDeletion({
   managedSources,
   onReadPersistedHosts,
   onReadPersistedManagedSources,
-  onCommitVaultImportTransaction,
+  onCommitVaultGroupMutation,
   onClearAndRemoveManagedSource,
   onClearAndRemoveManagedSources,
   onDeletedPaths,
@@ -37,22 +42,10 @@ export function useVaultGroupDeletion({
   managedSources: ManagedSource[];
   onReadPersistedHosts: () => Promise<Host[]>;
   onReadPersistedManagedSources: () => ManagedSource[];
-  onCommitVaultImportTransaction: (
-    hosts: Host[],
-    updateGroups: (current: string[]) => string[],
-    updateSources: (current: ManagedSource[]) => ManagedSource[],
-    updateGroupConfigs?: (current: GroupConfig[]) => GroupConfig[],
-    expectedHosts?: Host[],
+  onCommitVaultGroupMutation: (
+    mutate: (current: VaultGroupMutationState) => VaultGroupMutationResult,
     lock?: VaultLockHandle | null,
-  ) => Promise<
-    | {
-      status: "persisted";
-      groups: string[];
-      sources: ManagedSource[];
-      groupConfigs: GroupConfig[];
-    }
-    | { status: "superseded" }
-  >;
+  ) => Promise<VaultGroupMutationResult | { ok: false; superseded: true }>;
   onClearAndRemoveManagedSource?: (source: ManagedSource) => Promise<() => Promise<void>>;
   onClearAndRemoveManagedSources?: (sources: ManagedSource[]) => Promise<() => Promise<void>>;
   onDeletedPaths?: (selectedRoots: string[]) => void;
@@ -120,29 +113,16 @@ export function useVaultGroupDeletion({
           }
           deletion = refreshedDeletion;
 
-          const expectedHosts = latestRef.current.hosts;
           const expectedSources = deletion.sourcesToRemove;
-          const nextHosts = deletion.hosts.filter(
-            (host) => !additionallyDeletedHostIds.has(host.id),
-          );
-          const transaction = await onCommitVaultImportTransaction(
-            nextHosts,
-            (currentGroups) => buildVaultGroupDeletion({
-              selectedPaths,
-              deleteHosts,
-              customGroups: currentGroups,
-              hosts: [],
-              groupConfigs: [],
-              managedSources: [],
-            }).customGroups,
-            (currentSources) => {
+          const transaction = await onCommitVaultGroupMutation(
+            (current) => {
               const currentDeletion = buildVaultGroupDeletion({
                 selectedPaths,
                 deleteHosts,
-                customGroups: [],
-                hosts: [],
-                groupConfigs: [],
-                managedSources: currentSources,
+                customGroups: current.groups,
+                hosts: current.hosts,
+                groupConfigs: current.configs,
+                managedSources: current.managedSources,
               });
               if (!managedSourceSnapshotsMatch(
                 expectedSources,
@@ -150,29 +130,40 @@ export function useVaultGroupDeletion({
               )) {
                 throw RETRY_VAULT_GROUP_DELETION;
               }
-              const removedIds = new Set(expectedSources.map((source) => source.id));
-              return currentSources.filter((source) => !removedIds.has(source.id));
+              return {
+                ok: true,
+                state: {
+                  groups: currentDeletion.customGroups,
+                  hosts: currentDeletion.hosts.filter(
+                    (host) => !additionallyDeletedHostIds.has(host.id),
+                  ),
+                  configs: currentDeletion.groupConfigs,
+                  managedSources: current.managedSources.filter(
+                    (source) => !currentDeletion.sourcesToRemove.some(
+                      (removed) => removed.id === source.id,
+                    ),
+                  ),
+                  snippets: removeSnippetTargetGroupPaths(
+                    current.snippets,
+                    currentDeletion.selectedRoots,
+                  ),
+                },
+              };
             },
-            (currentGroupConfigs) => buildVaultGroupDeletion({
-              selectedPaths,
-              deleteHosts,
-              customGroups: [],
-              hosts: [],
-              groupConfigs: currentGroupConfigs,
-              managedSources: [],
-            }).groupConfigs,
-            expectedHosts,
             lock,
           );
-          if (transaction.status === "superseded") {
-            // Release the lock so concurrent host saves can finish before retry.
+          if (!transaction.ok && "superseded" in transaction) {
+            // Release the lock so concurrent saves can finish before retry.
             return { status: "retry" as const, restoreManagedFiles };
           }
+          if ("error" in transaction) {
+            throw new Error(transaction.error);
+          }
           latestRef.current = {
-            customGroups: transaction.groups,
-            hosts: nextHosts,
-            groupConfigs: transaction.groupConfigs,
-            managedSources: transaction.sources,
+            customGroups: transaction.state.groups,
+            hosts: transaction.state.hosts,
+            groupConfigs: transaction.state.configs,
+            managedSources: transaction.state.managedSources,
           };
           return {
             status: "done" as const,
@@ -205,7 +196,7 @@ export function useVaultGroupDeletion({
   }, [
     onClearAndRemoveManagedSource,
     onClearAndRemoveManagedSources,
-    onCommitVaultImportTransaction,
+    onCommitVaultGroupMutation,
     onDeletedPaths,
     onReadPersistedHosts,
     onReadPersistedManagedSources,

application/state/useVaultState.snippetsDelete.test.ts

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ test("updateSnippets disk writes take the shared vault lock", () => {
   // and be visible to waitForPendingVaultWrites.
   assert.match(
     source,
-    /const updateSnippets = useCallback\(\(\s*data: Snippet\[\],\s*options\?: \{ replace\?: boolean \},\s*\) => \{[\s\S]*withVaultImportLock\("vault", async \(\) => \{[\s\S]*localStorageAdapter\.write\(STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS, rebased\)/,
+    /const updateSnippets = useCallback\(\([\s\S]*withVaultImportLock\("vault", async \(\) => \{[\s\S]*localStorageAdapter\.write\(STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS, rebased\)/,
   );
   assert.match(
     source,
@@ -95,6 +95,24 @@ test("updateSnippets rebases onto the latest persisted snapshot under the lock",
   );
 });
 
+test("updateSnippets functional updates derive from the latest in-memory snapshot", () => {
+  // Group deletion can wait for managed-source cleanup. A script created while
+  // it waits must still be present when the deletion callback removes the old
+  // group path, so updater callbacks must not derive from the initiating render.
+  assert.match(
+    source,
+    /data: Snippet\[\] \| \(\(current: Snippet\[\]\) => Snippet\[\]\)/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    source,
+    /const updater = typeof data === "function" \? data : null;[\s\S]*const current = snippetsRef\.current;[\s\S]*typeof data === "function" \? data\(current\) : data/,
+  );
+  assert.match(
+    source,
+    /updater\(rebaseSnippetVaultWrite\(\{\s*base,\s*ours: current,\s*theirs: latestPersisted,\s*\}\)\)/,
+  );
+});
+
 test("clearVaultData replaces snippets without additive rebase", () => {
   // Clear All Local Data must not preserve concurrent disk-only snippet adds
   // that rebaseSnippetVaultWrite would otherwise keep.
@@ -108,7 +126,7 @@ test("clearVaultData replaces snippets without additive rebase", () => {
   );
   assert.match(
     source,
-    /replace\s*\?\s*cleaned\s*:\s*rebaseSnippetVaultWrite/,
+    /replace\s*\?\s*cleaned\s*:\s*updater\s*\?\s*updater\(rebaseSnippetVaultWrite/,
   );
   assert.match(
     source,
@@ -145,7 +163,7 @@ test("updateSnippets keeps the persisted rebase ancestor across superseded saves
   );
   assert.match(
     source,
-    /const base = snippetsWriteBaseRef\.current \?\? snippetsRef\.current/,
+    /const current = snippetsRef\.current;\s*const base = snippetsWriteBaseRef\.current \?\? current/,
   );
   assert.match(
     source,

application/state/useVaultState.ts

@@ -106,10 +106,15 @@ import {
   persistVaultImportMetadata,
   readStoredArray,
 } from "./vaultImportPersistence";
+import type {
+  VaultGroupMutationResult,
+  VaultGroupMutationState,
+} from "../../domain/vaultGroupMutation";
 import {
   commitPluginImporterTransaction,
   recoverPluginImporterTransaction,
 } from "./pluginImporterTransaction";
+import { commitVaultGroupMutationPersistence } from "./vaultGroupMutationPersistence";
 
 type ExportableVaultData = {
   hosts: Host[];
@@ -296,6 +301,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
   const managedSourcesRef = useRef<ManagedSource[]>([]);
   const hostsRef = useRef<Host[]>([]);
   const snippetsRef = useRef<Snippet[]>([]);
+  const groupConfigsRef = useRef<GroupConfig[]>([]);
   const notesRef = useRef<VaultNote[]>([]);
   const noteGroupsRef = useRef<string[]>([]);
   const notesPersistFailureNotifiedAtRef = useRef(0);
@@ -303,6 +309,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
   managedSourcesRef.current = managedSources;
   hostsRef.current = hosts;
   snippetsRef.current = snippets;
+  groupConfigsRef.current = groupConfigs;
   notesRef.current = notes;
   noteGroupsRef.current = noteGroups;
 
@@ -314,6 +321,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
   const identitiesWriteVersion = useRef(0);
   const proxyProfilesWriteVersion = useRef(0);
   const snippetsWriteVersion = useRef(0);
+  const managedSourcesWriteVersion = useRef(0);
   // Tracks the latest local updateSnippets schedule. Storage events also bump
   // snippetsWriteVersion (to invalidate naive writers), so queued saves must
   // key supersede checks off this owner instead of that shared counter.
@@ -340,6 +348,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
   const identitiesWritePendingRef = useRef<Promise<unknown>>(Promise.resolve());
   const groupConfigsWritePendingRef = useRef<Promise<unknown>>(Promise.resolve());
   const snippetsWritePendingRef = useRef<Promise<unknown>>(Promise.resolve());
+  const managedSourcesWritePendingRef = useRef<Promise<unknown>>(Promise.resolve());
 
   const waitForPendingVaultWrites = useCallback(async () => {
     while (true) {
@@ -365,6 +374,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
         identitiesWritePendingRef.current,
         groupConfigsWritePendingRef.current,
         snippetsWritePendingRef.current,
+        managedSourcesWritePendingRef.current,
       ];
       await Promise.all(writePending);
       if (
@@ -373,6 +383,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
         && writePending[2] === identitiesWritePendingRef.current
         && writePending[3] === groupConfigsWritePendingRef.current
         && writePending[4] === snippetsWritePendingRef.current
+        && writePending[5] === managedSourcesWritePendingRef.current
         && encryptPending[0] === hostsEncryptPendingRef.current
         && encryptPending[1] === keysEncryptPendingRef.current
         && encryptPending[2] === identitiesEncryptPendingRef.current
@@ -643,7 +654,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
   }, []);
 
   const updateSnippets = useCallback((
-    data: Snippet[],
+    data: Snippet[] | ((current: Snippet[]) => Snippet[]),
     options?: { replace?: boolean },
   ) => {
     // Capture the pre-update snapshot for a 3-way rebase once we hold the lock.
@@ -653,7 +664,9 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
     // second edit does not rebase against the first save's optimistic memory.
     const replace =
       options?.replace === true || snippetsWriteReplaceRef.current;
-    const base = snippetsWriteBaseRef.current ?? snippetsRef.current;
+    const updater = typeof data === "function" ? data : null;
+    const current = snippetsRef.current;
+    const base = snippetsWriteBaseRef.current ?? current;
     if (options?.replace === true) {
       snippetsWriteReplaceRef.current = true;
     }
@@ -667,7 +680,9 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
     } else if (snippetsWriteBaseRef.current === null) {
       snippetsWriteBaseRef.current = base;
     }
-    const cleaned = normalizeVaultOrder(data);
+    const cleaned = normalizeVaultOrder(
+      typeof data === "function" ? data(current) : data,
+    );
     const ver = ++snippetsWriteVersion.current;
     snippetsWriteOwnerRef.current = ver;
     // Keep live snapshot ahead of React commit so same-tick readers (delete,
@@ -681,20 +696,25 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
     // skips the additive rebase so a concurrent disk-only add cannot survive.
     const writePromise = withVaultImportLock("vault", async () => {
       if (snippetsWriteOwnerRef.current !== ver) return "superseded" as const;
-      const rebased = normalizeVaultOrder(
-        replace
-          ? cleaned
+      const latestPersisted = normalizeVaultOrder(
+        readStoredArray<Snippet>(
+          STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS,
+          localStorageAdapter.readString(STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS),
+        ),
+      );
+      const rebased = normalizeVaultOrder(replace
+        ? cleaned
+        : updater
+          ? updater(rebaseSnippetVaultWrite({
+              base,
+              ours: current,
+              theirs: latestPersisted,
+            }))
           : rebaseSnippetVaultWrite({
               base,
               ours: cleaned,
-              theirs: normalizeVaultOrder(
-                readStoredArray<Snippet>(
-                  STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS,
-                  localStorageAdapter.readString(STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS),
-                ),
-              ),
-            }),
-      );
+              theirs: latestPersisted,
+            }));
       const persisted = localStorageAdapter.write(STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS, rebased);
       if (!persisted) {
         // Keep the pre-update ancestor. Clearing it here would make the next
@@ -852,6 +872,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
     setCustomGroups(next);
 
     const cleanedGroupConfigs = buildGroupConfigsForGroups(next, groupConfigs);
+    groupConfigsRef.current = cleanedGroupConfigs;
     setGroupConfigs(cleanedGroupConfigs);
     const configsVer = ++groupConfigsWriteVersion.current;
     const encryptPromise = encryptGroupConfigs(cleanedGroupConfigs);
@@ -880,13 +901,105 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
     const next = typeof data === "function" ? data(managedSourcesRef.current) : data;
     managedSourcesRef.current = next;
     setManagedSources(next);
-    void withVaultImportLock("vault", async () => {
+    const ver = ++managedSourcesWriteVersion.current;
+    const writePromise = withVaultImportLock("vault", async () => {
       // Latest ref wins if another update ran while waiting for the lock.
-      if (managedSourcesRef.current !== next) return;
-      localStorageAdapter.write(STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES, next);
+      if (ver !== managedSourcesWriteVersion.current) return "superseded" as const;
+      return localStorageAdapter.write(STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES, next)
+        ? "written" as const
+        : "failed" as const;
     });
+    managedSourcesWritePendingRef.current = writePromise;
+    return writePromise;
   }, []);
 
+  const commitVaultGroupMutation = useCallback(async (
+    mutate: (current: VaultGroupMutationState) => VaultGroupMutationResult,
+    lock?: VaultLockHandle | null,
+  ): Promise<VaultGroupMutationResult | { ok: false; superseded: true }> => {
+    const captureVersions = () => ({
+      hosts: hostsWriteVersion.current,
+      snippets: snippetsWriteVersion.current,
+      groups: customGroupsWriteVersion.current,
+      configs: groupConfigsWriteVersion.current,
+      sources: managedSourcesWriteVersion.current,
+    });
+    const versionsAreCurrent = (versions: ReturnType<typeof captureVersions>) => (
+      versions.hosts === hostsWriteVersion.current
+      && versions.snippets === snippetsWriteVersion.current
+      && versions.groups === customGroupsWriteVersion.current
+      && versions.configs === groupConfigsWriteVersion.current
+      && versions.sources === managedSourcesWriteVersion.current
+    );
+    const stateMatchesLiveSnapshot = (current: VaultGroupMutationState) => (
+      JSON.stringify(current.hosts) === JSON.stringify(hostsRef.current)
+      && JSON.stringify(current.snippets) === JSON.stringify(snippetsRef.current)
+      && JSON.stringify(current.groups) === JSON.stringify(customGroupsRef.current)
+      && JSON.stringify(current.configs) === JSON.stringify(groupConfigsRef.current)
+      && JSON.stringify(current.managedSources) === JSON.stringify(managedSourcesRef.current)
+    );
+    const runCommit = async (
+      versions: ReturnType<typeof captureVersions>,
+    ): Promise<VaultGroupMutationResult | { ok: false; superseded: true }> => {
+      const result = await commitVaultGroupMutationPersistence({
+        storage: localStorageAdapter,
+        mutate,
+        prepareState: (state) => {
+          const groups = Array.from(new Set(state.groups));
+          return {
+            groups,
+            configs: buildGroupConfigsForGroups(groups, state.configs),
+            hosts: normalizeVaultOrder(state.hosts.map((host) => sanitizeHost(host))),
+            managedSources: state.managedSources,
+            snippets: normalizeVaultOrder(state.snippets),
+          };
+        },
+        decryptHosts: async (items) => normalizeVaultOrder(
+          (await decryptHosts(items)).map((host) => sanitizeHost(host)),
+        ),
+        decryptConfigs: async (items) => normalizeVaultOrder(
+          (await decryptGroupConfigs(items)).map(sanitizeGroupConfig),
+        ),
+        encryptHosts,
+        encryptConfigs: encryptGroupConfigs,
+        isCurrent: () => versionsAreCurrent(versions),
+        validateCurrent: lock ? stateMatchesLiveSnapshot : undefined,
+      });
+      if (!result.ok) return result;
+      const nextState = result.state;
+      ++hostsWriteVersion.current;
+      ++snippetsWriteVersion.current;
+      snippetsWriteOwnerRef.current = snippetsWriteVersion.current;
+      ++customGroupsWriteVersion.current;
+      ++groupConfigsWriteVersion.current;
+      ++managedSourcesWriteVersion.current;
+      hostsRef.current = nextState.hosts;
+      snippetsRef.current = nextState.snippets;
+      customGroupsRef.current = nextState.groups;
+      managedSourcesRef.current = nextState.managedSources;
+      snippetsWriteBaseRef.current = null;
+      snippetsWriteReplaceRef.current = false;
+      setHosts(nextState.hosts);
+      setSnippets(nextState.snippets);
+      setCustomGroups(nextState.groups);
+      setManagedSources(nextState.managedSources);
+      setGroupConfigs(nextState.configs);
+      groupConfigsRef.current = nextState.configs;
+      return { ok: true, state: nextState };
+    };
+
+    if (lock) {
+      const versions = captureVersions();
+      return withVaultImportLockIfNeeded("vault", () => runCommit(versions), lock);
+    }
+    while (true) {
+      await waitForPendingVaultWrites();
+      const versions = captureVersions();
+      const result = await withVaultImportLock("vault", () => runCommit(versions));
+      if (!("superseded" in result)) return result;
+    }
+  }, [waitForPendingVaultWrites]);
+
   const readPersistedManagedSources = useCallback((): ManagedSource[] => (
     readStoredArray<ManagedSource>(
       STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES,
@@ -996,6 +1109,8 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
       ++groupConfigsWriteVersion.current;
       customGroupsRef.current = result.groups;
       managedSourcesRef.current = result.sources;
+      hostsRef.current = cleanedHosts;
+      groupConfigsRef.current = nextGroupConfigs;
       setHosts(cleanedHosts);
       setCustomGroups(result.groups);
       setManagedSources(result.sources);
@@ -1018,6 +1133,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
     // sit in memory and re-persist with `fontFamilyOverride: true` until
     // the next reload. Mirrors updateHosts → sanitizeHost.
     const cleaned = normalizeVaultOrder(data.map(sanitizeGroupConfig));
+    groupConfigsRef.current = cleaned;
     setGroupConfigs(cleaned);
     const ver = ++groupConfigsWriteVersion.current;
     const encryptPromise = encryptGroupConfigs(cleaned);
@@ -1461,7 +1577,10 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
         const savedManagedSources = localStorageAdapter.read<ManagedSource[]>(
           STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES,
         );
-        if (savedManagedSources) setManagedSources(savedManagedSources);
+        if (savedManagedSources) {
+          managedSourcesRef.current = savedManagedSources;
+          setManagedSources(savedManagedSources);
+        }
 
         // Load group configs
         const savedGroupConfigs = localStorageAdapter.read<GroupConfig[]>(STORAGE_KEY_GROUP_CONFIGS);
@@ -1471,6 +1590,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
           if (cancelled) return;
           if (gcVer === groupConfigsWriteVersion.current) {
             const sanitizedGC = normalizeVaultOrder(decryptedGC.map(sanitizeGroupConfig));
+            groupConfigsRef.current = sanitizedGC;
             setGroupConfigs(sanitizedGC);
             encryptGroupConfigs(sanitizedGC).then((enc) => {
               if (gcVer === groupConfigsWriteVersion.current)
@@ -1641,6 +1761,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
       if (key === STORAGE_KEY_GROUPS) {
         const next = safeParse<string[]>(event.newValue) ?? [];
         ++customGroupsWriteVersion.current;
+        customGroupsRef.current = next;
         setCustomGroups(next);
         return;
       }
@@ -1695,6 +1816,8 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
 
       if (key === STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES) {
         const next = safeParse<ManagedSource[]>(event.newValue) ?? [];
+        ++managedSourcesWriteVersion.current;
+        managedSourcesRef.current = next;
         setManagedSources(next);
         return;
       }
@@ -1705,8 +1828,11 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
         const seq = ++groupConfigsReadSeq.current;
         const writeAtStart = groupConfigsWriteVersion.current;
         decryptGroupConfigs(next).then((dec) => {
-          if (seq === groupConfigsReadSeq.current && writeAtStart === groupConfigsWriteVersion.current)
-            setGroupConfigs(normalizeVaultOrder(dec.map(sanitizeGroupConfig)));
+          if (seq === groupConfigsReadSeq.current && writeAtStart === groupConfigsWriteVersion.current) {
+            const normalized = normalizeVaultOrder(dec.map(sanitizeGroupConfig));
+            groupConfigsRef.current = normalized;
+            setGroupConfigs(normalized);
+          }
         });
         return;
       }
@@ -1794,7 +1920,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
   const importData = useCallback(
     (payload: Partial<ExportableVaultData>): Promise<void> => {
       const encryptedWrites: Promise<void>[] = [];
-      if (payload.hosts) encryptedWrites.push(updateHosts(payload.hosts));
+      if (payload.hosts) encryptedWrites.push(updateHosts(payload.hosts).then(() => undefined));
       if (payload.keys) encryptedWrites.push(updateKeys(payload.keys));
       if (payload.identities) encryptedWrites.push(updateIdentities(payload.identities));
       if (Array.isArray(payload.proxyProfiles)) encryptedWrites.push(updateProxyProfiles(payload.proxyProfiles));
@@ -1952,6 +2078,8 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
         ]);
         customGroupsRef.current = nextGroups;
         snippetsRef.current = nextSnippets;
+        hostsRef.current = nextHosts;
+        groupConfigsRef.current = nextGroupConfigs;
         snippetsWriteBaseRef.current = null;
         snippetsWriteReplaceRef.current = false;
         setHosts(nextHosts);
@@ -2008,6 +2136,7 @@ export const useVaultState = () => {
     updateManagedSources,
     readPersistedManagedSources,
     commitVaultImportTransaction,
+    commitVaultGroupMutation,
     updateGroupConfigs,
     addShellHistoryEntry,
     clearShellHistory,

application/state/vaultGroupMutationPersistence.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+
+import type { Host, Snippet } from '../../domain/models';
+import {
+  remapSnippetTargetGroupPaths,
+  removeSnippetTargetGroupPaths,
+} from '../../domain/hostGroupPathMutations';
+import {
+  STORAGE_KEY_GROUP_CONFIGS,
+  STORAGE_KEY_GROUPS,
+  STORAGE_KEY_HOSTS,
+  STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES,
+  STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS,
+} from '../../infrastructure/config/storageKeys';
+import { commitVaultGroupMutationPersistence } from './vaultGroupMutationPersistence';
+
+const createStorage = (initial: Record<string, unknown>, failKey?: string) => {
+  const values = new Map(Object.entries(initial).map(([key, value]) => [key, JSON.stringify(value)]));
+  return {
+    values,
+    read<T>(key: string): T | null {
+      const value = values.get(key);
+      return value === undefined ? null : JSON.parse(value) as T;
+    },
+    readString: (key: string) => values.get(key) ?? null,
+    write<T>(key: string, value: T) {
+      if (key === failKey) return false;
+      values.set(key, JSON.stringify(value));
+      return true;
+    },
+    writeString(key: string, value: string) {
+      values.set(key, value);
+      return true;
+    },
+    remove(key: string) {
+      values.delete(key);
+    },
+  };
+};
+
+const identity = async <T>(value: T): Promise<T> => value;
+const prepareState = <T>(value: T): T => value;
+
+const initialHost: Host = {
+  id: 'host-1', label: 'Host', hostname: 'host.test', username: 'root',
+  group: 'prod', tags: [], os: 'linux',
+};
+const initialSnippet: Snippet = {
+  id: 'script-1', label: 'Deploy', command: 'nct.log(1)', kind: 'script',
+  targetGroups: ['prod'],
+};
+
+function initialVault() {
+  return {
+    [STORAGE_KEY_HOSTS]: [initialHost],
+    [STORAGE_KEY_GROUPS]: ['prod'],
+    [STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES]: [],
+    [STORAGE_KEY_GROUP_CONFIGS]: [{ path: 'prod', username: 'root' }],
+    [STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS]: [initialSnippet],
+  };
+}
+
+test('group rename rolls back every Vault key when the snippet write fails', async () => {
+  const initial = initialVault();
+  const storage = createStorage(initial, STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS);
+
+  await assert.rejects(commitVaultGroupMutationPersistence({
+    storage,
+    mutate: (current) => ({
+      ok: true,
+      state: {
+        ...current,
+        groups: ['production'],
+        configs: current.configs.map((config) => ({ ...config, path: 'production' })),
+        hosts: current.hosts.map((host) => ({ ...host, group: 'production' })),
+        snippets: remapSnippetTargetGroupPaths(current.snippets, 'prod', 'production'),
+      },
+    }),
+    prepareState,
+    decryptHosts: identity,
+    decryptConfigs: identity,
+    encryptHosts: identity,
+    encryptConfigs: identity,
+    isCurrent: () => true,
+  }), /rejected importer transaction/);
+
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(initial)) {
+    assert.deepEqual(storage.read(key), value);
+  }
+});
+
+test('group delete rolls back every Vault key when the snippet write fails', async () => {
+  const initial = initialVault();
+  const storage = createStorage(initial, STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS);
+
+  await assert.rejects(commitVaultGroupMutationPersistence({
+    storage,
+    mutate: (current) => ({
+      ok: true,
+      state: {
+        ...current,
+        groups: [],
+        configs: [],
+        hosts: current.hosts.map((host) => ({ ...host, group: undefined })),
+        snippets: removeSnippetTargetGroupPaths(current.snippets, ['prod']),
+      },
+    }),
+    prepareState,
+    decryptHosts: identity,
+    decryptConfigs: identity,
+    encryptHosts: identity,
+    encryptConfigs: identity,
+    isCurrent: () => true,
+  }), /rejected importer transaction/);
+
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(initial)) {
+    assert.deepEqual(storage.read(key), value);
+  }
+});
+
+test('group rename preserves a concurrent snippet update from the locked snapshot', async () => {
+  const concurrentSnippet = { ...initialSnippet, command: 'nct.log(2)' };
+  const addedSnippet: Snippet = {
+    id: 'script-2', label: 'Check', command: 'nct.log(3)', kind: 'script',
+    targetGroups: ['prod/child'],
+  };
+  const storage = createStorage({
+    ...initialVault(),
+    [STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS]: [concurrentSnippet, addedSnippet],
+  });
+
+  const result = await commitVaultGroupMutationPersistence({
+    storage,
+    mutate: (current) => ({
+      ok: true,
+      state: {
+        ...current,
+        groups: ['production'],
+        snippets: remapSnippetTargetGroupPaths(current.snippets, 'prod', 'production'),
+      },
+    }),
+    prepareState,
+    decryptHosts: identity,
+    decryptConfigs: identity,
+    encryptHosts: identity,
+    encryptConfigs: identity,
+    isCurrent: () => true,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true);
+  const saved = storage.read<Snippet[]>(STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS) ?? [];
+  assert.equal(saved[0]?.command, 'nct.log(2)');
+  assert.deepEqual(saved.map((snippet) => snippet.targetGroups), [
+    ['production'],
+    ['production/child'],
+  ]);
+});
+
+test('group delete cleans targets from the latest persisted snippet snapshot', async () => {
+  const concurrentSnippet = { ...initialSnippet, command: 'nct.log(2)' };
+  const addedSnippet: Snippet = {
+    id: 'script-2', label: 'Check', command: 'nct.log(3)', kind: 'script',
+    targetGroups: ['prod/child', 'staging'],
+  };
+  const storage = createStorage({
+    ...initialVault(),
+    [STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS]: [concurrentSnippet, addedSnippet],
+  });
+
+  const result = await commitVaultGroupMutationPersistence({
+    storage,
+    mutate: (current) => ({
+      ok: true,
+      state: {
+        ...current,
+        groups: [],
+        snippets: removeSnippetTargetGroupPaths(current.snippets, ['prod']),
+      },
+    }),
+    prepareState,
+    decryptHosts: identity,
+    decryptConfigs: identity,
+    encryptHosts: identity,
+    encryptConfigs: identity,
+    isCurrent: () => true,
+  });
+
+  assert.equal(result.ok, true);
+  const saved = storage.read<Snippet[]>(STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS) ?? [];
+  assert.equal(saved[0]?.command, 'nct.log(2)');
+  assert.deepEqual(saved.map((snippet) => snippet.targetGroups), [
+    [],
+    ['staging'],
+  ]);
+});
+
+test('group mutation stops before writing when memory is ahead of persisted Vault state', async () => {
+  const storage = createStorage(initialVault());
+  let mutateCalled = false;
+
+  const result = await commitVaultGroupMutationPersistence({
+    storage,
+    mutate: (current) => {
+      mutateCalled = true;
+      return { ok: true, state: current };
+    },
+    prepareState,
+    decryptHosts: identity,
+    decryptConfigs: identity,
+    encryptHosts: identity,
+    encryptConfigs: identity,
+    isCurrent: () => true,
+    validateCurrent: (current) => current.snippets[0]?.command === 'nct.log(2)',
+  });
+
+  assert.deepEqual(result, { ok: false, superseded: true });
+  assert.equal(mutateCalled, false);
+  assert.deepEqual(storage.read<Snippet[]>(STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS), [initialSnippet]);
+});

application/state/vaultGroupMutationPersistence.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import type { GroupConfig, Host, ManagedSource, Snippet } from '../../domain/models';
+import type {
+  VaultGroupMutationResult,
+  VaultGroupMutationState,
+} from '../../domain/vaultGroupMutation';
+import {
+  STORAGE_KEY_GROUP_CONFIGS,
+  STORAGE_KEY_GROUPS,
+  STORAGE_KEY_HOSTS,
+  STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES,
+  STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS,
+} from '../../infrastructure/config/storageKeys';
+import { commitPluginImporterTransaction } from './pluginImporterTransaction';
+import { readStoredArray } from './vaultImportPersistence';
+
+type TransactionStorage = {
+  read<T>(key: string): T | null;
+  readString(key: string): string | null;
+  write<T>(key: string, value: T): boolean;
+  writeString(key: string, value: string): boolean;
+  remove(key: string): void;
+};
+
+const GROUP_MUTATION_KEYS = [
+  STORAGE_KEY_HOSTS,
+  STORAGE_KEY_GROUPS,
+  STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES,
+  STORAGE_KEY_GROUP_CONFIGS,
+  STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS,
+] as const;
+
+export async function commitVaultGroupMutationPersistence({
+  storage,
+  mutate,
+  prepareState,
+  decryptHosts,
+  decryptConfigs,
+  encryptHosts,
+  encryptConfigs,
+  isCurrent,
+  validateCurrent,
+}: {
+  storage: TransactionStorage;
+  mutate: (current: VaultGroupMutationState) => VaultGroupMutationResult;
+  prepareState: (state: VaultGroupMutationState) => VaultGroupMutationState;
+  decryptHosts: (hosts: Host[]) => Promise<Host[]>;
+  decryptConfigs: (configs: GroupConfig[]) => Promise<GroupConfig[]>;
+  encryptHosts: (hosts: Host[]) => Promise<unknown>;
+  encryptConfigs: (configs: GroupConfig[]) => Promise<unknown>;
+  isCurrent: () => boolean;
+  validateCurrent?: (current: VaultGroupMutationState) => boolean;
+}): Promise<VaultGroupMutationResult | { ok: false; superseded: true }> {
+  const raw = new Map(GROUP_MUTATION_KEYS.map((key) => [key, storage.readString(key)]));
+  const [hosts, configs] = await Promise.all([
+    decryptHosts(readStoredArray<Host>(STORAGE_KEY_HOSTS, raw.get(STORAGE_KEY_HOSTS) ?? null)),
+    decryptConfigs(readStoredArray<GroupConfig>(
+      STORAGE_KEY_GROUP_CONFIGS,
+      raw.get(STORAGE_KEY_GROUP_CONFIGS) ?? null,
+    )),
+  ]);
+  const current: VaultGroupMutationState = {
+    groups: readStoredArray<string>(STORAGE_KEY_GROUPS, raw.get(STORAGE_KEY_GROUPS) ?? null),
+    configs,
+    hosts,
+    managedSources: readStoredArray<ManagedSource>(
+      STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES,
+      raw.get(STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES) ?? null,
+    ),
+    snippets: readStoredArray<Snippet>(STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS, raw.get(STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS) ?? null),
+  };
+  if (!isCurrent() || (validateCurrent && !validateCurrent(current))) {
+    return { ok: false, superseded: true };
+  }
+  const mutation = mutate(current);
+  if (!mutation.ok) return mutation;
+
+  const nextState = prepareState(mutation.state);
+  const [encryptedHosts, encryptedConfigs] = await Promise.all([
+    encryptHosts(nextState.hosts),
+    encryptConfigs(nextState.configs),
+  ]);
+  if (
+    !isCurrent()
+    || GROUP_MUTATION_KEYS.some((key) => storage.readString(key) !== raw.get(key))
+  ) {
+    return { ok: false, superseded: true };
+  }
+
+  commitPluginImporterTransaction(storage, [
+    [STORAGE_KEY_HOSTS, encryptedHosts],
+    [STORAGE_KEY_GROUPS, nextState.groups],
+    [STORAGE_KEY_MANAGED_SOURCES, nextState.managedSources],
+    [STORAGE_KEY_GROUP_CONFIGS, encryptedConfigs],
+    [STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS, nextState.snippets],
+  ]);
+  return { ok: true, state: nextState };
+}

application/state/vaultHostTreeActionsStore.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export interface VaultHostTreeActions {
   onNewGroup: (parentPath?: string) => void;
   onRenameGroup: (groupPath: string) => void;
   onDeleteGroup: (groupPath: string) => void;
-  commitInlineGroupRename: (name: string) => void;
+  commitInlineGroupRename: (name: string) => boolean | void | Promise<boolean | void>;
   cancelInlineGroupEdit: () => void;
   commitInlineHostRename: (name: string) => void;
   cancelInlineHostEdit: () => void;

application/state/vaultSnapshotStore.test.ts

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ test('vault actions register and unregister', () => {
     readPersistedManagedSources: noop,
     commitPluginImporterData: noop,
     commitVaultImportTransaction: noop,
+    commitVaultGroupMutation: noop,
     updateHostDistro: noop,
     updateHostLastConnected: noop,
     addShellHistoryEntry: noop,

application/state/vaultSnapshotStore.ts

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ export type VaultSnapshotActions = Pick<
   | 'readPersistedManagedSources'
   | 'commitPluginImporterData'
   | 'commitVaultImportTransaction'
+  | 'commitVaultGroupMutation'
   | 'updateHostDistro'
   | 'updateHostLastConnected'
   | 'addShellHistoryEntry'

components/HostTreeView.tsx

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ interface HostTreeViewProps {
   onDeleteGroup: (groupPath: string) => void;
   moveHostToGroup: (hostId: string, groupPath: string | null) => void;
   moveGroup: (sourcePath: string, targetParent: string | null) => void;
-  commitInlineGroupRename?: (name: string) => void;
+  commitInlineGroupRename?: (name: string) => boolean | void | Promise<boolean | void>;
   cancelInlineGroupEdit?: () => void;
   managedGroupPaths?: Set<string>;
   onUnmanageGroup?: (groupPath: string) => void;
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ interface TreeNodeProps {
   onDeleteGroup: (groupPath: string) => void;
   moveHostToGroup: (hostId: string, groupPath: string | null) => void;
   moveGroup: (sourcePath: string, targetParent: string | null) => void;
-  commitInlineGroupRename?: (name: string) => void;
+  commitInlineGroupRename?: (name: string) => boolean | void | Promise<boolean | void>;
   cancelInlineGroupEdit?: () => void;
   managedGroupPaths?: Set<string>;
   onUnmanageGroup?: (groupPath: string) => void;

components/SelectGroupDialog.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+import { CheckSquare, FolderTree, Search, Square } from 'lucide-react';
+import React, { useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { useI18n } from '@/application/i18n/I18nProvider';
+import type { Host } from '@/domain/models';
+import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
+import {
+  Dialog,
+  DialogContent,
+  DialogFooter,
+  DialogHeader,
+  DialogTitle,
+} from '@/components/ui/dialog';
+import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
+import { FixedSizeVirtualList } from '@/components/ui/FixedSizeVirtualList';
+import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';
+
+export interface SelectGroupDialogProps {
+  open: boolean;
+  onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void;
+  hosts: Host[];
+  customGroups?: string[];
+  selectedGroupPaths: string[];
+  onSelectionChange: (selectedGroupPaths: string[]) => void;
+}
+
+const GROUP_ROW_HEIGHT = 48;
+
+function collectGroupPaths(
+  hosts: Host[],
+  customGroups: string[],
+  selectedGroupPaths: string[],
+): string[] {
+  const paths = new Set<string>();
+  for (const groupPath of [...customGroups, ...selectedGroupPaths]) {
+    const parts = groupPath.split('/').filter(Boolean);
+    for (let index = 1; index <= parts.length; index += 1) {
+      paths.add(parts.slice(0, index).join('/'));
+    }
+  }
+  for (const host of hosts) {
+    const parts = host.group?.split('/').filter(Boolean) ?? [];
+    for (let index = 1; index <= parts.length; index += 1) {
+      paths.add(parts.slice(0, index).join('/'));
+    }
+  }
+  return [...paths].sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right));
+}
+
+function countHostsByGroupPath(hosts: Host[]): Map<string, number> {
+  const counts = new Map<string, number>();
+  for (const host of hosts) {
+    if (host.protocol === 'serial') continue;
+    const parts = host.group?.split('/').filter(Boolean) ?? [];
+    for (let index = 1; index <= parts.length; index += 1) {
+      const path = parts.slice(0, index).join('/');
+      counts.set(path, (counts.get(path) ?? 0) + 1);
+    }
+  }
+  return counts;
+}
+
+export const SelectGroupDialog: React.FC<SelectGroupDialogProps> = ({
+  open,
+  onOpenChange,
+  hosts,
+  customGroups = [],
+  selectedGroupPaths,
+  onSelectionChange,
+}) => {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const [searchQuery, setSearchQuery] = useState('');
+  const selected = useMemo(() => new Set(selectedGroupPaths), [selectedGroupPaths]);
+  const groupPaths = useMemo(
+    () => collectGroupPaths(hosts, customGroups, selectedGroupPaths),
+    [customGroups, hosts, selectedGroupPaths],
+  );
+  const displayedPaths = useMemo(() => {
+    const query = searchQuery.trim().toLocaleLowerCase();
+    if (!query) return groupPaths;
+    return groupPaths.filter((path) => path.toLocaleLowerCase().includes(query));
+  }, [groupPaths, searchQuery]);
+  const hostCountByPath = useMemo(() => countHostsByGroupPath(hosts), [hosts]);
+
+  const togglePath = (path: string) => {
+    if (selected.has(path)) {
+      onSelectionChange(selectedGroupPaths.filter((candidate) => candidate !== path));
+      return;
+    }
+    onSelectionChange([...selectedGroupPaths, path]);
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
+      <DialogContent className="max-w-md h-[min(78vh,600px)] flex flex-col p-0 gap-0 overflow-hidden">
+        <DialogHeader className="px-4 pt-4 pb-3 shrink-0 border-b border-border/60">
+          <DialogTitle className="text-base">{t('snippets.targets.selectGroups')}</DialogTitle>
+        </DialogHeader>
+
+        <div className="px-4 py-3 border-b border-border/60 shrink-0">
+          <div className="relative">
+            <Search
+              size={14}
+              className="absolute left-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 text-muted-foreground"
+            />
+            <Input
+              value={searchQuery}
+              onChange={(event) => setSearchQuery(event.target.value)}
+              placeholder={t('common.searchPlaceholder')}
+              className="h-8 pl-8"
+            />
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="flex-1 min-h-0 p-3">
+          {displayedPaths.length === 0 ? (
+            <p className="py-10 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+              {t('snippets.targets.noGroups')}
+            </p>
+          ) : (
+            <FixedSizeVirtualList
+              className="h-full"
+              items={displayedPaths}
+              itemHeight={GROUP_ROW_HEIGHT}
+              getItemKey={(path) => path}
+              renderItem={(path) => {
+                const isSelected = selected.has(path);
+                const depth = Math.max(0, path.split('/').filter(Boolean).length - 1);
+                const label = path.split('/').filter(Boolean).pop() ?? path;
+                const hostCount = hostCountByPath.get(path) ?? 0;
+                return (
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    className={cn(
+                      'w-full h-11 flex items-center gap-2.5 rounded-lg px-2.5 text-left transition-colors',
+                      isSelected ? 'bg-primary/10 text-foreground' : 'hover:bg-muted/70',
+                    )}
+                    style={{ paddingLeft: `${10 + depth * 16}px` }}
+                    onClick={() => togglePath(path)}
+                  >
+                    {isSelected ? (
+                      <CheckSquare size={16} className="text-primary shrink-0" />
+                    ) : (
+                      <Square size={16} className="text-muted-foreground shrink-0" />
+                    )}
+                    <FolderTree size={16} className="text-primary shrink-0" />
+                    <span className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+                      <span className="block truncate text-sm font-medium">{label}</span>
+                      <span className="block truncate text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">{path}</span>
+                    </span>
+                    <span className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground shrink-0">
+                      {t('vault.groups.hostsCount', { count: hostCount })}
+                    </span>
+                  </button>
+                );
+              }}
+            />
+          )}
+        </div>
+
+        <DialogFooter className="px-4 py-3 border-t border-border/60 shrink-0">
+          <Button className="w-full" onClick={() => onOpenChange(false)}>
+            {t('selectHost.continueWithCount', { count: selectedGroupPaths.length })}
+          </Button>
+        </DialogFooter>
+      </DialogContent>
+    </Dialog>
+  );
+};

components/SettingsPage.tsx

@@ -627,6 +627,8 @@ const SettingsPageContent: React.FC<{ settings: SettingsState }> = ({ settings }
                                 setRestorePreviousSession={settings.setRestorePreviousSession}
                                 restoreTerminalCwd={settings.restoreTerminalCwd}
                                 setRestoreTerminalCwd={settings.setRestoreTerminalCwd}
+                                startupLanding={settings.startupLanding}
+                                setStartupLanding={settings.setStartupLanding}
                                 toggleWindowHotkey={settings.toggleWindowHotkey}
                                 setToggleWindowHotkey={settings.setToggleWindowHotkey}
                                 closeToTray={settings.closeToTray}

components/SftpSidePanel.tsx

@@ -86,8 +86,12 @@ import { scheduleDeferredTerminalFocus } from "./systemManager/tmuxActionFocus";
 import {
   connectionKeyMatchesHost,
   findReusableSftpSidePanelTab,
+  isPendingSameEndpointSshSession,
+  rememberSftpSidePanelSourceStatus,
+  resolveSftpSidePanelTrackedSourceStatusUpdate,
   shouldAcceptPendingSftpUpload,
-  shouldResetSftpSidePanelSourceSession,
+  shouldDeferSftpSidePanelAutoConnectForSession,
+  shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession,
   shouldSkipSftpSidePanelAutoConnect,
 } from "./sftp/sftpSidePanelAutoConnect";
 import {
@@ -116,7 +120,7 @@ interface SftpSidePanelProps {
   sftpDefaultViewMode: "list" | "tree";
   /** The host to connect to (follows focused terminal) */
   activeHost: Host | null;
-  /** The terminal session id whose SSH connection can be reused for SFTP */
+  /** Linked same-endpoint SSH session id (may be reconnecting; reuse only when connected) */
   activeSessionId?: string | null;
   /** Focused terminal session (includes mosh/et/local) for locate-path writes */
   focusedSessionId?: string | null;
@@ -219,7 +223,8 @@ const SftpSidePanelInner: React.FC<SftpSidePanelProps> = ({
   }, [hosts, sessions]);
 
   // Browse restore can run before the session list reflects the focused tab;
-  // prefer the active source when its visible endpoint matches the pane host.
+  // prefer the active source when its visible endpoint matches the pane host
+  // and the SSH transport is already up (linked id survives reconnect phases).
   const resolveBrowseSourceSessionId = useCallback((hostId: string, host?: Host) => {
     if (
       activeSessionId
@@ -227,10 +232,13 @@ const SftpSidePanelInner: React.FC<SftpSidePanelProps> = ({
       && activeHost.id === hostId
       && (!host || sftpHostEndpointsEqual(activeHost, host))
     ) {
-      return activeSessionId;
+      const linkedSession = sessions.find((session) => session.id === activeSessionId);
+      if (linkedSession?.status === "connected") {
+        return activeSessionId;
+      }
     }
     return resolveTransferSourceSessionId(hostId, host);
-  }, [activeHost, activeSessionId, resolveTransferSourceSessionId]);
+  }, [activeHost, activeSessionId, resolveTransferSourceSessionId, sessions]);
 
   const fileWatchHandlers = useMemo(() => ({
     onFileWatchSynced: (payload: { remotePath: string }) => {
@@ -493,6 +501,7 @@ const SftpSidePanelInner: React.FC<SftpSidePanelProps> = ({
   const connectedKeyRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
   const connectedHostObjRef = useRef<Host | null>(null);
   const lastSourceSessionIdRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
+  const lastSourceSessionStatusRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
   const lastAppliedInitialLocationKeyRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
   const handledPendingUploadIdRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
   const tabConnectionKeyMapRef = useRef<Map<string, string>>(new Map());
@@ -560,10 +569,36 @@ const SftpSidePanelInner: React.FC<SftpSidePanelProps> = ({
       activeHost.username,
       activeHost.sftpFileProtocol,
     );
-    const sessionChanged = shouldResetSftpSidePanelSourceSession(
-      lastSourceSessionIdRef.current,
-      activeSessionId,
-    );
+    const pendingSameEndpointSession = sessions.find((session) => (
+      isPendingSameEndpointSshSession(session, activeHost)
+    ));
+    if (!activeSessionId && pendingSameEndpointSession) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const activeSession = activeSessionId
+      ? sessions.find((session) => session.id === activeSessionId) ?? null
+      : null;
+    const activeSessionStatus = activeSession?.status ?? null;
+    if (
+      shouldDeferSftpSidePanelAutoConnectForSession({
+        activeSessionId,
+        sessionStatus: activeSessionStatus,
+      })
+    ) {
+      // Remember the non-connected status so the later connected transition
+      // is treated as a transport rebind (same session id after Start over).
+      lastSourceSessionStatusRef.current = activeSessionStatus;
+      if (activeSessionId) {
+        lastSourceSessionIdRef.current = activeSessionId;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    const sessionChanged = shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession({
+      previousSessionId: lastSourceSessionIdRef.current,
+      nextSessionId: activeSessionId,
+      previousStatus: lastSourceSessionStatusRef.current,
+      nextStatus: activeSessionStatus ?? (activeSessionId ? "connected" : null),
+    });
 
     const hasBackendSession = (connectionId: string) => !!s.getSftpIdForConnection(connectionId);
     const activeTab = s.leftTabs.tabs.find((tab) => tab.id === s.leftTabs.activeTabId) ?? null;
@@ -592,6 +627,11 @@ const SftpSidePanelInner: React.FC<SftpSidePanelProps> = ({
       if (activeSessionId) {
         lastSourceSessionIdRef.current = activeSessionId;
       }
+      lastSourceSessionStatusRef.current = rememberSftpSidePanelSourceStatus({
+        previousStatus: lastSourceSessionStatusRef.current,
+        activeSessionId,
+        activeSessionStatus,
+      });
       return;
     }
     // Defer advancing the session cursor while interactive work blocks rebind,
@@ -600,6 +640,11 @@ const SftpSidePanelInner: React.FC<SftpSidePanelProps> = ({
     if (activeSessionId) {
       lastSourceSessionIdRef.current = activeSessionId;
     }
+    lastSourceSessionStatusRef.current = rememberSftpSidePanelSourceStatus({
+      previousStatus: lastSourceSessionStatusRef.current,
+      activeSessionId,
+      activeSessionStatus,
+    });
 
     logger.info("[SftpSidePanel] Auto-connect triggered", {
       hostId: activeHost.id,
@@ -730,14 +775,16 @@ const SftpSidePanelInner: React.FC<SftpSidePanelProps> = ({
     connectedKeyRef.current = connectionKey;
     connectedHostObjRef.current = activeHost;
     s.connect("left", activeHost, {
-      sourceSessionId: activeSessionId ?? undefined,
+      sourceSessionId: activeSessionStatus === "connected"
+        ? (activeSessionId ?? undefined)
+        : undefined,
       ...(initialPath ? { initialPath } : undefined),
       ...(needsNewTab ? { forceNewTab: true } : undefined),
       onTabCreated: (tabId) => {
         tabConnectionKeyMapRef.current.set(tabId, connectionKey);
       },
     });
-  }, [activeHost, activeSessionId, initialLocation, interactiveWorkActive]);
+  }, [activeHost, activeSessionId, initialLocation, interactiveWorkActive, sessions]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!activeHost || !isVisible) return;
@@ -752,6 +799,20 @@ const SftpSidePanelInner: React.FC<SftpSidePanelProps> = ({
     };
   }, [activeHost, activeSessionId, interactiveWorkActive, isVisible, runAutoConnect]);
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (activeSessionId) return;
+    const trackedSessionId = lastSourceSessionIdRef.current;
+    const trackedSession = trackedSessionId
+      ? sessions.find((candidate) => candidate.id === trackedSessionId) ?? null
+      : null;
+    const update = resolveSftpSidePanelTrackedSourceStatusUpdate({
+      trackedSessionId,
+      sessionStatus: trackedSession?.status ?? null,
+    });
+    if (!update) return;
+    lastSourceSessionStatusRef.current = update.status;
+  }, [activeSessionId, sessions]);
+
   useEffect(() => {
     const connection = sftp.leftPane.connection;
     if (!connection || connection.status === "error" || connection.status === "disconnected") {

components/SnippetsManager.tsx

@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@ import {
   type SnippetExportPayload,
   type SnippetImportConflictAction,
 } from '../domain/snippetTransfer';
-import { getRunnableHostsForSnippet, snippetHasRunTargets } from '../domain/snippetTargets.ts';
+import {
+  getRunnableHostsForSnippet,
+  resolveSnippetTargetGroupsForSave,
+  snippetHasRunTargets,
+} from '../domain/snippetTargets.ts';
 import { removeHostConnectScript, syncHostsForSnippetTargetChange } from '../domain/hostConnectScripts.ts';
 import { flattenSnippetCommandPreview } from '../domain/snippetPreview.ts';
 import { deleteSelectedSnippetsFromVault } from '../domain/snippetSelection.ts';
@@ -486,6 +490,7 @@ const SnippetsManager: React.FC<SnippetsManagerProps> = ({
     targets: [],
   });
   const [targetSelection, setTargetSelection] = useState<string[]>([]);
+  const [targetGroupSelection, setTargetGroupSelection] = useState<string[]>([]);
   const [copiedId, setCopiedId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [selectedPackage, setSelectedPackage] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [newPackageName, setNewPackageName] = useState('');
@@ -735,6 +740,7 @@ const SnippetsManager: React.FC<SnippetsManagerProps> = ({
     if (snippet) {
       setEditingSnippet(snippet);
       setTargetSelection(snippet.targetsAllHosts ? [] : (snippet.targets || []));
+      setTargetGroupSelection(snippet.targetsAllHosts ? [] : (snippet.targetGroups || []));
     } else {
       setEditingSnippet(asScript ? {
         label: '',
@@ -751,6 +757,7 @@ const SnippetsManager: React.FC<SnippetsManagerProps> = ({
         targets: [],
       });
       setTargetSelection([]);
+      setTargetGroupSelection([]);
     }
     setRightPanelMode('edit-snippet');
   }, [selectedPackage]);
@@ -773,6 +780,10 @@ const SnippetsManager: React.FC<SnippetsManagerProps> = ({
       tags: editingSnippet.tags || [],
       package: editingSnippet.package || '',
       targets: editingSnippet.targetsAllHosts ? [] : targetSelection,
+      targetGroups: resolveSnippetTargetGroupsForSave(
+        editingSnippet,
+        targetGroupSelection,
+      ),
       targetsAllHosts: editingSnippet.targetsAllHosts || undefined,
       shortkey: editingSnippet.shortkey,
       noAutoRun: editingSnippet.noAutoRun,
@@ -784,7 +795,7 @@ const SnippetsManager: React.FC<SnippetsManagerProps> = ({
       trigger: editingSnippet.trigger,
       triggerPattern: editingSnippet.triggerPattern,
     };
-  }, [editingSnippet, targetSelection]);
+  }, [editingSnippet, targetGroupSelection, targetSelection]);
 
   const syncHostsAfterSnippetSave = useCallback((
     savedSnippet: Snippet,
@@ -855,6 +866,7 @@ const SnippetsManager: React.FC<SnippetsManagerProps> = ({
     setRightPanelMode('none');
     setEditingSnippet({ label: '', command: '', package: '', targets: [] });
     setTargetSelection([]);
+    setTargetGroupSelection([]);
   };
 
   const hostById = useMemo(() => (
@@ -1663,6 +1675,8 @@ const SnippetsManager: React.FC<SnippetsManagerProps> = ({
       customGroups={customGroups}
       targetSelection={targetSelection}
       setTargetSelection={setTargetSelection}
+      targetGroupSelection={targetGroupSelection}
+      setTargetGroupSelection={setTargetGroupSelection}
       handleTargetSelect={handleTargetSelect}
       handleTargetSelectionChange={handleTargetSelectionChange}
       handleTargetPickerBack={handleTargetPickerBack}

components/SnippetsRightPanel.tsx

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { parseSnippetVariables } from '../domain/snippetVariables';
 import { Check, Clock, Keyboard, Loader2, Package, RotateCcw, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { cn } from '../lib/utils';
 import SelectHostPanel from './SelectHostPanel';
+import { SelectGroupDialog } from './SelectGroupDialog';
 import { AsidePanel, AsidePanelContent, AsidePanelFooter } from './ui/aside-panel';
 import { Button } from './ui/button';
 import { Card } from './ui/card';
@@ -17,7 +18,10 @@ import { Combobox } from './ui/combobox';
 import { Select, SelectContent, SelectItem, SelectTrigger, SelectValue } from './ui/select';
 import { HistoryItem } from './SnippetsHistoryItem';
 import type { Snippet } from '@/domain/models';
-import { getRunnableHostsForSnippet } from '@/domain/snippetTargets.ts';
+import {
+  getRunnableHostsForSnippet,
+  resolveSnippetTargetGroupsForSave,
+} from '@/domain/snippetTargets.ts';
 import { STORAGE_KEY_SNIPPETS_PANEL_WIDTH } from '@/infrastructure/config/storageKeys.ts';
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
@@ -29,6 +33,8 @@ export const SnippetsRightPanel: React.FC<SnippetsRightPanelProps> = ({
   customGroups,
   targetSelection,
   setTargetSelection,
+  targetGroupSelection,
+  setTargetGroupSelection,
   handleTargetSelect,
   handleTargetSelectionChange,
   handleTargetPickerBack,
@@ -71,6 +77,7 @@ export const SnippetsRightPanel: React.FC<SnippetsRightPanelProps> = ({
     [editingSnippet?.command],
   );
   const [scriptEditorModalOpen, setScriptEditorModalOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [groupPickerOpen, setGroupPickerOpen] = useState(false);
   const isEditingScript = isScriptSnippet(editingSnippet as import('../types').Snippet);
   const snippetsPanelResizeProps = {
     resizable: true as const,
@@ -81,8 +88,12 @@ export const SnippetsRightPanel: React.FC<SnippetsRightPanelProps> = ({
   const runnableEditingSnippet = useMemo(() => ({
     ...(editingSnippet as Snippet),
     targets: editingSnippet.targetsAllHosts ? [] : targetSelection,
+    targetGroups: resolveSnippetTargetGroupsForSave(
+      editingSnippet,
+      targetGroupSelection,
+    ),
     targetsAllHosts: editingSnippet.targetsAllHosts || undefined,
-  }), [editingSnippet, targetSelection]);
+  }), [editingSnippet, targetGroupSelection, targetSelection]);
 
   const runTargets = useMemo(
     () => getRunnableHostsForSnippet(runnableEditingSnippet, hosts),
@@ -99,10 +110,12 @@ export const SnippetsRightPanel: React.FC<SnippetsRightPanelProps> = ({
   const handleTargetsAllHostsChange = (checked: boolean) => {
     if (checked) {
       setTargetSelection([]);
+      setTargetGroupSelection([]);
       setEditingSnippet({
         ...editingSnippet,
         targetsAllHosts: true,
         targets: [],
+        targetGroups: undefined,
       });
       return;
     }
@@ -137,6 +150,7 @@ export const SnippetsRightPanel: React.FC<SnippetsRightPanelProps> = ({
 
     if (rightPanelMode === 'edit-snippet') {
       return (
+        <>
         <AsidePanel
           open={true}
           onClose={handleClosePanel}
@@ -266,7 +280,9 @@ export const SnippetsRightPanel: React.FC<SnippetsRightPanelProps> = ({
             <SnippetTargetsSection
               t={t}
               targetHosts={targetHosts}
+              targetGroups={isEditingScript ? targetGroupSelection : []}
               onEditTargets={openTargetPicker}
+              onEditGroups={isEditingScript ? () => setGroupPickerOpen(true) : undefined}
               hint={isEditingScript
                 ? (editingSnippet.trigger === 'onConnect'
                   ? t('scripts.targets.connectOrderHint')
@@ -386,11 +402,29 @@ export const SnippetsRightPanel: React.FC<SnippetsRightPanelProps> = ({
               selectedHostIds={targetSelection}
               onSelectHost={handleTargetSelect}
               onSelectionChange={handleTargetSelectionChange}
+              selectedGroupPaths={targetGroupSelection}
+              onGroupSelectionChange={setTargetGroupSelection}
               targetsAllHosts={Boolean(editingSnippet.targetsAllHosts)}
               onTargetsAllHostsChange={handleTargetsAllHostsChange}
             />
           ) : null}
         </AsidePanel>
+        <SelectGroupDialog
+          open={groupPickerOpen}
+          onOpenChange={setGroupPickerOpen}
+          hosts={hosts}
+          customGroups={customGroups}
+          selectedGroupPaths={targetGroupSelection}
+          onSelectionChange={(nextGroups) => {
+            setTargetGroupSelection(nextGroups);
+            setEditingSnippet({
+              ...editingSnippet,
+              targetGroups: nextGroups,
+              targetsAllHosts: undefined,
+            });
+          }}
+        />
+        </>
       );
     }
 

components/Terminal.tsx

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ import {
 import { classifyDistroId, shouldProbeSessionCwd } from "../domain/host";
 import { shouldCollectServerStats } from "../domain/systemManager/systemTarget";
 import { resolveHostSshConnectionTimeouts } from "../domain/sshConnectionTimeouts";
+import { CONNECTION_PROGRESS_START } from "./terminal/connectionProgress";
 import { supportsZmodemTerminalDragDrop } from "../lib/zmodemDragDrop";
 import { resolveHostAuth, resolveHostAutofillPassword } from "../domain/sshAuth";
 import { resolveEffectiveTerminalProtocol } from "../domain/terminalProtocol";
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ import { useVaultSnapshotField } from "@/application/state/vaultSnapshotStore.ts
 import { netcattyBridge } from "@/infrastructure/services/netcattyBridge.ts";
 import { ScriptExecutionOverlay } from "./terminal/ScriptExecutionOverlay";
 import { isScriptSnippet } from "@/domain/snippetScript.ts";
+import { snippetCanRunInTerminal } from "@/domain/snippetTargets.ts";
 import { useOutputTriggers } from "@/application/state/useOutputTriggers.ts";
 import { TerminalComposeBar } from "./terminal/TerminalComposeBar";
 import { TerminalContextMenu } from "./terminal/TerminalContextMenu";
@@ -427,7 +429,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
   const scriptSessionName = sessionDisplayName || host.label;
   const outputTriggers = useOutputTriggers({
     sessionId,
-    hostId: host.id,
+    host,
     snippets,
     onRunScript: (snippet, sid) => runAutomationScript({
       snippet,
@@ -438,7 +440,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
         hostname: host.hostname,
         username: host.username,
       },
-    }).catch((err) => {
+    }).then(() => undefined).catch((err) => {
       const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
       toast.error(message.includes('Observer mode') ? t('scripts.observer.blocked') : message);
       throw err;
@@ -823,7 +825,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
   const [isCancelling, setIsCancelling] = useState(false);
   const [showSFTP, setShowSFTP] = useState(false);
   const [isSessionLogging, setIsSessionLogging] = useState(false);
-  const [progressValue, setProgressValue] = useState(15);
+  const [progressValue, setProgressValue] = useState(CONNECTION_PROGRESS_START);
   const [isDisconnectedDialogDismissed, setIsDisconnectedDialogDismissed] = useState(false);
   const [connectionReuseFellBack, setConnectionReuseFellBack] = useState(false);
   const [connectionReuseAttemptSourceId, setConnectionReuseAttemptSourceId] = useState(
@@ -1512,6 +1514,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
                 return;
               }
             }
+            await xtermRuntimeRef.current?.keywordHighlighter.prepareForSerialization();
             snapshot = serializeAddonRef.current.serialize() || "";
           } else if (hibernatedRef.current || softHiddenRef.current) {
             // Hibernate path: live xterm is torn down; use retained snapshot.
@@ -1617,7 +1620,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
     terminalCwdTracker,
   ]);
 
-  const cleanupSession = async () => {
+  const cleanupSession = async (options?: { retainOwnership?: boolean }) => {
     const closingSessionId = sessionRef.current;
     xtermRuntimeRef.current?.flushKittyKeyboardReleases();
     sessionRef.current = null;
@@ -1645,7 +1648,10 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
       // Still notify main so in-flight SSH passphrase prompts for this UI
       // sessionId are aborted even before a backend session was attached.
       try {
-        await terminalBackend.closeSession(sessionId, { bootEpoch: resolveCloseBootEpoch() });
+        await terminalBackend.closeSession(sessionId, {
+          bootEpoch: resolveCloseBootEpoch(),
+          ...(options?.retainOwnership === true ? { retainOwnership: true } : {}),
+        });
       } catch (err) {
         logger.warn("Failed to cancel pending session boot on disconnect", err);
       }
@@ -1692,6 +1698,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
         }
         let serializedSnapshot: unknown;
         try {
+          await xtermRuntimeRef.current?.keywordHighlighter.prepareForSerialization();
           serializedSnapshot = serializeAddonRef.current?.serialize?.();
         } catch (err) {
           logger.warn("Failed to serialize terminal snapshot for attach popup", err);
@@ -1754,7 +1761,10 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
         clearTerminalSessionFlowAck(closingSessionId);
       }
       try {
-        await terminalBackend.closeSession(closingSessionId, { bootEpoch: resolveCloseBootEpoch() });
+        await terminalBackend.closeSession(closingSessionId, {
+          bootEpoch: resolveCloseBootEpoch(),
+          ...(options?.retainOwnership === true ? { retainOwnership: true } : {}),
+        });
       } catch (err) {
         logger.warn("Failed to close SSH session", err);
       }
@@ -2046,7 +2056,11 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
     const snapshot = await serializeTerminalForHibernate(
       term,
       serializeAddon,
-      { preferWasm: resolveHibernatePreferWasmSerialize(terminalSettingsRef.current) },
+      {
+        preferWasm: resolveHibernatePreferWasmSerialize(terminalSettingsRef.current),
+        prepare: () => xtermRuntimeRef.current?.keywordHighlighter.prepareForSerialization()
+          ?? Promise.resolve(),
+      },
     );
 
     if (!canFinishHibernate()) return false;
@@ -2168,6 +2182,8 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
     termRef,
     fitAddonRef,
     serializeAddonRef,
+    prepareKeywordHighlightSerialization: () => xtermRuntimeRef.current
+      ?.keywordHighlighter.prepareForSerialization() ?? Promise.resolve(),
     searchAddonRef,
     hasRuntimeRef,
   }), []);
@@ -3067,6 +3083,10 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
 
   const executeSnippet = useCallback(async (snippet: Snippet) => {
     if (isScriptSnippet(snippet)) {
+      if (!snippetCanRunInTerminal(snippet, host)) {
+        toast.error(t('scripts.targets.currentHostMismatch'));
+        return;
+      }
       try {
         await runAutomationScript({
           snippet,
@@ -3089,7 +3109,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
     executeSnippetCommand(command, snippet.noAutoRun, {
       multiLineRunMode: snippet.multiLineRunMode,
     });
-  }, [executeSnippetCommand, host.hostname, host.username, scriptSessionName, sessionId, t]);
+  }, [executeSnippetCommand, host, scriptSessionName, sessionId, t]);
 
   const onSnippetShortkeyRef = useRef(executeSnippet);
   onSnippetShortkeyRef.current = executeSnippet;
@@ -3303,7 +3323,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
     setPendingHostKeyRequestId(null);
     setError(null);
     setProgressLogs((prev) => [...prev, "Disconnected by user."]);
-    void cleanupSession();
+    void cleanupSession({ retainOwnership: true });
     updateStatus("disconnected");
     setChainProgress(null);
     setIsDisconnectedDialogDismissed(false);
@@ -3472,7 +3492,7 @@ const TerminalComponent: React.FC<TerminalProps> = ({
     }
 
     try {
-      await cleanupSession();
+      await cleanupSession({ retainOwnership: true });
     } catch (error) {
       finishReconnectPreparation();
       throw error;

components/VaultView.sortPersistence.test.tsx

@@ -60,48 +60,66 @@ const renderVault = (sortMode: string | null, hosts: Host[]) => {
   return renderToStaticMarkup(
     React.createElement(
       I18nProvider,
-      { locale: "en" },
-      React.createElement(
-        TooltipProvider,
-        null,
-        React.createElement(VaultView, {
-          hosts,
-          keys: [],
-          identities: [],
-          proxyProfiles: [],
-          snippets: [],
-          snippetPackages: [],
-          customGroups: [],
-          knownHosts: [],
-          managedSources: [],
-          sessionCount: 0,
-          hotkeyScheme: "mac",
-          keyBindings: [],
-          terminalThemeId: "default",
-          terminalFontSize: 14,
-          onOpenSettings: noop,
-          onOpenQuickSwitcher: noop,
-          onCreateLocalTerminal: noop,
-          onDeleteHost: noop,
-          onConnect: noop,
-          onUpdateHosts: noop,
-          onUpdateKeys: noop,
-          onImportOrReuseKey: () => fallbackKey,
-          onUpdateIdentities: noop,
-          onUpdateProxyProfiles: noop,
-          onUpdateSnippets: noop,
-          onUpdateSnippetPackages: noop,
-          onUpdateCustomGroups: noop,
-          onUpdateKnownHosts: noop,
-          onUpdateManagedSources: noop,
-          onConvertKnownHost: noop,
-          onOpenLogView: noop,
-          groupConfigs: [],
-          onUpdateGroupConfigs: noop,
-          showRecentHosts: false,
-          showOnlyUngroupedHostsInRoot: false,
-        }),
-      ),
+      {
+        locale: "en",
+        children: React.createElement(
+          TooltipProvider,
+          null,
+          React.createElement(VaultView, {
+            hosts,
+            keys: [],
+            identities: [],
+            proxyProfiles: [],
+            snippets: [],
+            snippetPackages: [],
+            customGroups: [],
+            knownHosts: [],
+            managedSources: [],
+            sessionCount: 0,
+            hotkeyScheme: "mac",
+            keyBindings: [],
+            terminalThemeId: "default",
+            terminalFontSize: 14,
+            onOpenSettings: noop,
+            onOpenQuickSwitcher: noop,
+            onCreateLocalTerminal: noop,
+            onDeleteHost: noop,
+            onConnect: noop,
+            onUpdateHosts: noop,
+            onUpdateKeys: noop,
+            onImportOrReuseKey: () => fallbackKey,
+            onUpdateIdentities: noop,
+            onUpdateProxyProfiles: noop,
+            onUpdateSnippets: noop,
+            onUpdateSnippetPackages: noop,
+            onUpdateCustomGroups: noop,
+            onUpdateKnownHosts: noop,
+            onUpdateManagedSources: noop,
+            onReadPersistedHosts: async () => hosts,
+            onReadPersistedManagedSources: () => [],
+            onCommitPluginImporterData: async () => 0,
+            onCommitVaultImportTransaction: async () => ({
+              status: "persisted" as const,
+              groups: [],
+              sources: [],
+              groupConfigs: [],
+            }),
+            onCommitVaultGroupMutation: async (mutate) => mutate({
+              groups: [],
+              configs: [],
+              hosts,
+              managedSources: [],
+              snippets: [],
+            }),
+            onConvertKnownHost: noop,
+            onOpenLogView: noop,
+            groupConfigs: [],
+            onUpdateGroupConfigs: noop,
+            showRecentHosts: false,
+            showOnlyUngroupedHostsInRoot: false,
+          }),
+        ),
+      },
     ),
   );
 };

components/VaultView.tsx

@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ import type { VaultLockHandle } from "../application/state/vaultManagedImportLoc
 import { useTreeExpandedState } from "../application/state/useTreeExpandedState";
 import { useVaultGroupDeletion } from "../application/state/useVaultGroupDeletion";
 import type { VaultHostPersistenceResult } from "../application/state/vaultImportProgress";
+import type {
+  VaultGroupMutationResult,
+  VaultGroupMutationState,
+} from "../domain/vaultGroupMutation";
 import type { PluginImporterCommitRequest } from "../application/state/usePluginImporterCommit";
 import { buildVaultCsvCredentialOptions } from "../application/vaultCsvExportCredentials";
 import { sanitizeCredentialValue } from "../domain/credentials";
@@ -69,6 +73,9 @@ import {
   upsertHostById,
 } from "../domain/host";
 import { exportHostsToCsvWithStats } from "../domain/vaultImport";
+import {
+  remapSnippetTargetGroupPaths,
+} from "../domain/hostGroupPathMutations";
 import {
   reorderVaultItems,
   reorderVaultStrings,
@@ -261,6 +268,10 @@ interface VaultViewProps {
     }
     | { status: "superseded" }
   >;
+  onCommitVaultGroupMutation: (
+    mutate: (current: VaultGroupMutationState) => VaultGroupMutationResult,
+    lock?: VaultLockHandle | null,
+  ) => Promise<VaultGroupMutationResult | { ok: false; superseded: true }>;
   onClearAndRemoveManagedSource?: (source: ManagedSource) => Promise<() => Promise<void>>;
   onClearAndRemoveManagedSources?: (sources: ManagedSource[]) => Promise<() => Promise<void>>;
   onUnmanageSource?: (sourceId: string) => void;
@@ -325,6 +336,7 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
   onUpdateManagedSources,
   onReadPersistedManagedSources,
   onCommitVaultImportTransaction,
+  onCommitVaultGroupMutation,
   onClearAndRemoveManagedSource,
   onClearAndRemoveManagedSources,
   onUnmanageSource,
@@ -951,7 +963,66 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
     setIsNewFolderOpen(false);
   };
 
-  const submitRenameGroup = () => {
+  const commitGroupPathChange = useCallback(async (
+    sourcePath: string,
+    nextPath: string,
+    replacementConfig?: GroupConfig,
+  ) => {
+    try {
+      return await onCommitVaultGroupMutation((current) => {
+        if (!current.groups.includes(sourcePath)) {
+          return { ok: false, error: `Group "${sourcePath}" was not found.` };
+        }
+        const belongsToTree = (path: string) => (
+          path === sourcePath || path.startsWith(`${sourcePath}/`)
+        );
+        const rename = (path: string) => (
+          path === sourcePath
+            ? nextPath
+            : path.startsWith(`${sourcePath}/`)
+              ? nextPath + path.slice(sourcePath.length)
+              : path
+        );
+        const occupied = new Set([
+          ...current.groups.filter((path) => !belongsToTree(path)),
+          ...current.configs.map((config) => config.path).filter((path) => !belongsToTree(path)),
+        ]);
+        const collision = [
+          ...current.groups,
+          ...current.configs.map((config) => config.path),
+        ].filter(belongsToTree).map(rename).find((path) => occupied.has(path));
+        if (collision) return { ok: false, error: `Group "${collision}" already exists.` };
+
+        const configs = current.configs.map((config) => {
+          if (replacementConfig && config.path === sourcePath) {
+            return { ...replacementConfig, path: nextPath };
+          }
+          return belongsToTree(config.path) ? { ...config, path: rename(config.path) } : config;
+        });
+        if (replacementConfig && !current.configs.some((config) => config.path === sourcePath)) {
+          configs.push({ ...replacementConfig, path: nextPath });
+        }
+        return {
+          ok: true,
+          state: {
+            groups: Array.from(new Set(current.groups.map(rename))),
+            configs,
+            hosts: current.hosts.map((host) => (
+              host.group && belongsToTree(host.group) ? { ...host, group: rename(host.group) } : host
+            )),
+            managedSources: current.managedSources.map((source) => (
+              belongsToTree(source.groupName) ? { ...source, groupName: rename(source.groupName) } : source
+            )),
+            snippets: remapSnippetTargetGroupPaths(current.snippets, sourcePath, nextPath),
+          },
+        };
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      return { ok: false as const, error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) };
+    }
+  }, [onCommitVaultGroupMutation]);
+
+  const submitRenameGroup = async () => {
     if (!renameTargetPath) return;
 
     const nextName = renameGroupName.trim();
@@ -972,37 +1043,11 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
       return;
     }
 
-    const updatedGroups = customGroups.map((g) => {
-      if (g === renameTargetPath) return nextPath;
-      if (g.startsWith(renameTargetPath + "/"))
-        return nextPath + g.slice(renameTargetPath.length);
-      return g;
-    });
-    const updatedHosts = hosts.map((h) => {
-      const g = h.group || "";
-      if (g === renameTargetPath) return { ...h, group: nextPath };
-      if (g.startsWith(renameTargetPath + "/"))
-        return { ...h, group: nextPath + g.slice(renameTargetPath.length) };
-      return h;
-    });
-
-    // Update managed sources if any match the renamed group path
-    const updatedManagedSources = managedSources.map((s) => {
-      if (s.groupName === renameTargetPath)
-        return { ...s, groupName: nextPath };
-      if (s.groupName.startsWith(renameTargetPath + "/"))
-        return {
-          ...s,
-          groupName: nextPath + s.groupName.slice(renameTargetPath.length),
-        };
-      return s;
-    });
-    if (updatedManagedSources.some((s, i) => s !== managedSources[i])) {
-      onUpdateManagedSources(updatedManagedSources);
+    const result = await commitGroupPathChange(renameTargetPath, nextPath);
+    if ("superseded" in result || "error" in result) {
+      setRenameGroupError("superseded" in result ? t("common.error") : result.error);
+      return;
     }
-
-    onUpdateCustomGroups(Array.from(new Set(updatedGroups)));
-    onUpdateHosts(updatedHosts);
     if (
       selectedGroupPath &&
       (selectedGroupPath === renameTargetPath ||
@@ -1026,7 +1071,7 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
   }, []);
 
   const handleSaveGroupConfig = useCallback(
-    (config: GroupConfig, _newName?: string, _newParent?: string | null) => {
+    async (config: GroupConfig, _newName?: string, _newParent?: string | null) => {
       const oldPath = editingGroupPath!;
       const newPath = config.path; // Panel already computed the correct path
 
@@ -1044,41 +1089,11 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
 
       // Handle path change (rename or parent change)
       if (newPath !== oldPath) {
-        // Update groups, hosts, managed sources, and configs for path change
-        const updatedGroups = customGroups.map((g) => {
-          if (g === oldPath) return newPath;
-          if (g.startsWith(oldPath + "/"))
-            return newPath + g.slice(oldPath.length);
-          return g;
-        });
-        const updatedHosts = hosts.map((h) => {
-          const g = h.group || "";
-          if (g === oldPath) return { ...h, group: newPath };
-          if (g.startsWith(oldPath + "/"))
-            return { ...h, group: newPath + g.slice(oldPath.length) };
-          return h;
-        });
-        const updatedManagedSources = managedSources.map((s) => {
-          if (s.groupName === oldPath) return { ...s, groupName: newPath };
-          if (s.groupName.startsWith(oldPath + "/"))
-            return {
-              ...s,
-              groupName: newPath + s.groupName.slice(oldPath.length),
-            };
-          return s;
-        });
-        if (updatedManagedSources.some((s, i) => s !== managedSources[i])) {
-          onUpdateManagedSources(updatedManagedSources);
+        const result = await commitGroupPathChange(oldPath, newPath, config);
+        if ("superseded" in result || "error" in result) {
+          toast.error("superseded" in result ? t("common.error") : result.error);
+          return;
         }
-        onUpdateCustomGroups(Array.from(new Set(updatedGroups)));
-        onUpdateHosts(updatedHosts);
-        // Update child config paths too
-        const finalConfigs = updatedConfigs.map((c) => {
-          if (c.path.startsWith(oldPath + "/"))
-            return { ...c, path: newPath + c.path.slice(oldPath.length) };
-          return c;
-        });
-        onUpdateGroupConfigs(finalConfigs);
         if (selectedGroupPath === oldPath) setSelectedGroupPath(newPath);
         if (selectedGroupPath?.startsWith(oldPath + "/")) {
           setSelectedGroupPath(
@@ -1096,13 +1111,9 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
       groupConfigs,
       editingGroupPath,
       customGroups,
-      hosts,
-      managedSources,
       selectedGroupPath,
+      commitGroupPathChange,
       onUpdateGroupConfigs,
-      onUpdateCustomGroups,
-      onUpdateHosts,
-      onUpdateManagedSources,
       t,
     ],
   );
@@ -1129,7 +1140,7 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
     managedSources,
     onReadPersistedHosts,
     onReadPersistedManagedSources,
-    onCommitVaultImportTransaction,
+    onCommitVaultGroupMutation,
     onClearAndRemoveManagedSource,
     onClearAndRemoveManagedSources,
     onDeletedPaths: handleDeletedGroupPaths,
@@ -1138,7 +1149,7 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
   const deleteGroupPath = (path: string, deleteHosts: boolean = false) =>
     deleteGroupPaths([path], deleteHosts);
 
-  const moveGroup = (sourcePath: string, targetParent: string | null) => {
+  const moveGroup = async (sourcePath: string, targetParent: string | null) => {
     const name = sourcePath.split("/").filter(Boolean).pop() || "";
     const newPath = targetParent ? `${targetParent}/${name}` : name;
     if (newPath === sourcePath || newPath.startsWith(sourcePath + "/")) return;
@@ -1146,50 +1157,17 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
       toast.error(t("vault.groups.errors.duplicatePath"));
       return;
     }
-    const updatedGroups = customGroups.map((g) => {
-      if (g === sourcePath) return newPath;
-      if (g.startsWith(sourcePath + "/"))
-        return newPath + g.slice(sourcePath.length);
-      return g;
-    });
-    const updatedHosts = hosts.map((h) => {
-      const g = h.group || "";
-      if (g === sourcePath) return { ...h, group: newPath };
-      if (g.startsWith(sourcePath + "/"))
-        return { ...h, group: newPath + g.slice(sourcePath.length) };
-      return h;
-    });
-    // Update managed sources if any match the moved group path
-    const updatedManagedSources = managedSources.map((s) => {
-      if (s.groupName === sourcePath) return { ...s, groupName: newPath };
-      if (s.groupName.startsWith(sourcePath + "/"))
-        return {
-          ...s,
-          groupName: newPath + s.groupName.slice(sourcePath.length),
-        };
-      return s;
-    });
-    if (updatedManagedSources.some((s, i) => s !== managedSources[i])) {
-      onUpdateManagedSources(updatedManagedSources);
-    }
-    onUpdateCustomGroups(Array.from(new Set(updatedGroups)));
-    onUpdateHosts(updatedHosts);
-    // Update group configs for moved paths
-    const updatedGroupConfigs = groupConfigs.map((c) => {
-      if (c.path === sourcePath) return { ...c, path: newPath };
-      if (c.path.startsWith(sourcePath + "/"))
-        return { ...c, path: newPath + c.path.slice(sourcePath.length) };
-      return c;
-    });
-    if (updatedGroupConfigs.some((c, i) => c !== groupConfigs[i])) {
-      onUpdateGroupConfigs(updatedGroupConfigs);
+    const result = await commitGroupPathChange(sourcePath, newPath);
+    if ("superseded" in result || "error" in result) {
+      toast.error("superseded" in result ? t("common.error") : result.error);
+      return;
     }
     if (
       selectedGroupPath &&
       (selectedGroupPath === sourcePath ||
         selectedGroupPath.startsWith(sourcePath + "/"))
     ) {
-      setSelectedGroupPath(newPath);
+      setSelectedGroupPath(newPath + selectedGroupPath.slice(sourcePath.length));
     }
   };
 
@@ -1321,8 +1299,7 @@ const VaultViewInner: React.FC<VaultViewProps> = ({
     hosts,
     managedSources,
     onUpdateCustomGroups,
-    onUpdateHosts,
-    onUpdateManagedSources,
+    onCommitGroupPathChange: commitGroupPathChange,
     selectedGroupPath,
     setSelectedGroupPath,
     ensurePathExpanded: treeExpandedState.ensurePathExpanded,
@@ -1688,6 +1665,7 @@ export const vaultViewAreEqual = (
     prev.onReadPersistedHosts === next.onReadPersistedHosts &&
     prev.onReadPersistedManagedSources === next.onReadPersistedManagedSources &&
     prev.onCommitVaultImportTransaction === next.onCommitVaultImportTransaction &&
+    prev.onCommitVaultGroupMutation === next.onCommitVaultGroupMutation &&
     prev.onCommitPluginImporterData === next.onCommitPluginImporterData &&
     prev.showRecentHosts === next.showRecentHosts &&
     prev.hostClickBehavior === next.hostClickBehavior &&

components/host/HostDetailsScriptsSection.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-import { Globe, Link2, Play, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react';
+import { FolderTree, Globe, Link2, Play, Trash2 } from 'lucide-react';
 import React, { useCallback, useMemo, useState, type DragEvent } from 'react';
 import type { Host, Snippet } from '@/domain/models';
 import {
   appendHostConnectScript,
   getEditableHostConnectScriptIds,
   getGlobalConnectScripts,
+  getGroupConnectScriptsForHost,
   removeHostConnectScript,
   reorderHostConnectScript,
 } from '@/domain/hostConnectScripts.ts';
@@ -63,6 +64,16 @@ export const HostDetailsScriptsSection: React.FC<HostDetailsScriptsSectionProps>
     () => getEditableHostConnectScriptIds(host, snippets),
     [host, snippets],
   );
+  const groupScripts = useMemo(
+    () => getGroupConnectScriptsForHost(host, snippets).filter(
+      (script) => !script.id || !queueIds.includes(script.id),
+    ),
+    [host, queueIds, snippets],
+  );
+  const groupScriptIds = useMemo(
+    () => new Set(groupScripts.map((script) => script.id)),
+    [groupScripts],
+  );
   const queuedScripts = useMemo(
     () => queueIds
       .map((id) => scriptById(snippets, id))
@@ -73,10 +84,11 @@ export const HostDetailsScriptsSection: React.FC<HostDetailsScriptsSectionProps>
     () => scripts.filter((script) => {
       if (!script.id) return false;
       if (script.targetsAllHosts) return false;
+      if (groupScriptIds.has(script.id)) return false;
       if (queueIds.includes(script.id)) return false;
       return true;
     }),
-    [queueIds, scripts],
+    [groupScriptIds, queueIds, scripts],
   );
   const linkOptions = useMemo(
     () => linkableScripts.map((script) => ({
@@ -170,6 +182,41 @@ export const HostDetailsScriptsSection: React.FC<HostDetailsScriptsSectionProps>
           </div>
         ) : null}
 
+        {groupScripts.length > 0 ? (
+          <div className="space-y-2">
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
+              <FolderTree size={12} className="text-muted-foreground shrink-0" />
+              <label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                {t('hostDetails.automation.groupScripts')}
+              </label>
+            </div>
+            <p className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground leading-relaxed">
+              {t('hostDetails.automation.groupScriptsHint')}
+            </p>
+            <div className="space-y-1.5">
+              {groupScripts.map((script) => (
+                <div
+                  key={script.id}
+                  className="flex items-center gap-2.5 px-2.5 py-2 rounded-md border border-border/50 bg-primary/5"
+                >
+                  <VaultEntityIcon
+                    className={cn(vaultEntityIconSmClass, vaultAutomationScriptIconClass)}
+                    icon={<Play size={14} />}
+                  />
+                  <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+                    <div className="text-sm font-medium truncate">
+                      {script.label || t('scripts.running.unnamed')}
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground truncate">
+                      {script.targetGroups?.join(', ')}
+                    </div>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        ) : null}
+
         <div className="space-y-2">
           {queuedScripts.length === 0 ? (
             <p className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">{t('hostDetails.automation.connectQueueEmpty')}</p>

components/host/HostTreeGroupInlineRenameInput.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import React from 'react';
+import { act, create, type ReactTestRenderer } from 'react-test-renderer';
+
+import { HostTreeGroupInlineRenameInput } from './HostTreeGroupInlineRenameInput';
+
+test('inline group rename can retry after an asynchronous commit failure', async () => {
+  const actEnvironment = globalThis as typeof globalThis & {
+    IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT?: boolean;
+  };
+  const previousActEnvironment = actEnvironment.IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT;
+  actEnvironment.IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT = true;
+
+  let renderer: ReactTestRenderer | null = null;
+  let attempts = 0;
+
+  try {
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer = create(React.createElement(HostTreeGroupInlineRenameInput, {
+        initialName: 'prod',
+        onCommit: async () => {
+          attempts += 1;
+          return attempts > 1;
+        },
+        onCancel: () => undefined,
+      }));
+    });
+    const input = renderer!.root.findByType('input');
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      input.props.onKeyDown({
+        key: 'Enter',
+        preventDefault: () => undefined,
+        stopPropagation: () => undefined,
+      });
+      await Promise.resolve();
+    });
+    await act(async () => {
+      input.props.onKeyDown({
+        key: 'Enter',
+        preventDefault: () => undefined,
+        stopPropagation: () => undefined,
+      });
+      await Promise.resolve();
+    });
+
+    assert.equal(attempts, 2);
+  } finally {
+    await act(async () => {
+      renderer?.unmount();
+    });
+    actEnvironment.IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT = previousActEnvironment;
+  }
+});

components/host/HostTreeGroupInlineRenameInput.tsx

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { cn } from '../../lib/utils';
 
 type HostTreeGroupInlineRenameInputProps = {
   initialName: string;
-  onCommit: (name: string) => void;
+  onCommit: (name: string) => boolean | void | Promise<boolean | void>;
   onCancel: () => void;
   className?: string;
   style?: React.CSSProperties;
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ export const HostTreeGroupInlineRenameInput: React.FC<HostTreeGroupInlineRenameI
 }) => {
   const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
   const [value, setValue] = useState(initialName);
-  const committedRef = useRef(false);
+  const submittingRef = useRef(false);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const input = inputRef.current;
@@ -28,15 +28,20 @@ export const HostTreeGroupInlineRenameInput: React.FC<HostTreeGroupInlineRenameI
     input.select();
   }, []);
 
-  const commit = () => {
-    if (committedRef.current) return;
-    committedRef.current = true;
-    onCommit(value);
+  const commit = async () => {
+    if (submittingRef.current) return;
+    submittingRef.current = true;
+    try {
+      const committed = await onCommit(value);
+      if (committed === false) submittingRef.current = false;
+    } catch {
+      submittingRef.current = false;
+    }
   };
 
   const cancel = () => {
-    if (committedRef.current) return;
-    committedRef.current = true;
+    if (submittingRef.current) return;
+    submittingRef.current = true;
     onCancel();
   };
 
@@ -49,7 +54,7 @@ export const HostTreeGroupInlineRenameInput: React.FC<HostTreeGroupInlineRenameI
       onChange={(event) => setValue(event.target.value)}
       onBlur={() => {
         queueMicrotask(() => {
-          commit();
+          void commit();
         });
       }}
       onClick={(event) => event.stopPropagation()}
@@ -64,7 +69,7 @@ export const HostTreeGroupInlineRenameInput: React.FC<HostTreeGroupInlineRenameI
         event.stopPropagation();
         if (event.key === 'Enter') {
           event.preventDefault();
-          commit();
+          void commit();
         }
         if (event.key === 'Escape') {
           event.preventDefault();

components/scripts/QuickScriptEditorDialog.tsx

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
 } from '@/domain/snippetScript.ts';
 import {
   getRunnableHostsForSnippet,
+  resolveSnippetTargetGroupsForSave,
 } from '@/domain/snippetTargets.ts';
 import {
   removeHostConnectScript,
@@ -54,11 +55,13 @@ export const QuickScriptEditorDialog: React.FC<QuickScriptEditorDialogProps> = (
   const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
   const [editingSnippet, setEditingSnippet] = useState<Partial<Snippet>>(createBlankScript);
   const [targetSelection, setTargetSelection] = useState<string[]>([]);
+  const [targetGroupSelection, setTargetGroupSelection] = useState<string[]>([]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
     const handler = () => {
       setEditingSnippet(createBlankScript());
       setTargetSelection([]);
+      setTargetGroupSelection([]);
       setOpen(true);
     };
     window.addEventListener('netcatty:scripts:add', handler);
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ export const QuickScriptEditorDialog: React.FC<QuickScriptEditorDialogProps> = (
       if (!snippet || !isScriptSnippet(snippet)) return;
       setEditingSnippet(snippet);
       setTargetSelection(snippet.targetsAllHosts ? [] : (snippet.targets ?? []));
+      setTargetGroupSelection(snippet.targetsAllHosts ? [] : (snippet.targetGroups ?? []));
       setOpen(true);
     };
     window.addEventListener('netcatty:snippets:edit', handler);
@@ -112,6 +116,7 @@ export const QuickScriptEditorDialog: React.FC<QuickScriptEditorDialogProps> = (
       if (detail.editAfterSave) {
         setEditingSnippet(snippet);
         setTargetSelection([]);
+        setTargetGroupSelection([]);
         setOpen(true);
       }
     };
@@ -132,8 +137,12 @@ export const QuickScriptEditorDialog: React.FC<QuickScriptEditorDialogProps> = (
   const runnableSnippet = useMemo(() => ({
     ...(editingSnippet as Snippet),
     targets: editingSnippet.targetsAllHosts ? [] : targetSelection,
+    targetGroups: resolveSnippetTargetGroupsForSave(
+      editingSnippet,
+      targetGroupSelection,
+    ),
     targetsAllHosts: editingSnippet.targetsAllHosts || undefined,
-  }), [editingSnippet, targetSelection]);
+  }), [editingSnippet, targetGroupSelection, targetSelection]);
 
   const runTargets = useMemo(
     () => getRunnableHostsForSnippet(runnableSnippet, hosts),
@@ -174,6 +183,10 @@ export const QuickScriptEditorDialog: React.FC<QuickScriptEditorDialogProps> = (
       tags: editingSnippet.tags ?? [],
       package: packagePath,
       targets: editingSnippet.targetsAllHosts ? [] : targetSelection,
+      targetGroups: resolveSnippetTargetGroupsForSave(
+        editingSnippet,
+        targetGroupSelection,
+      ),
       targetsAllHosts: editingSnippet.targetsAllHosts || undefined,
       kind: 'script',
       language: editingSnippet.language ?? 'javascript',
@@ -182,7 +195,7 @@ export const QuickScriptEditorDialog: React.FC<QuickScriptEditorDialogProps> = (
       triggerPattern: editingSnippet.triggerPattern,
       order: editingSnippet.order,
     };
-  }, [editingSnippet, onCreatePackage, packages, targetSelection]);
+  }, [editingSnippet, onCreatePackage, packages, targetGroupSelection, targetSelection]);
 
   const persistSnippet = useCallback((): Snippet | null => {
     const savedSnippet = buildSavedSnippet();
@@ -238,10 +251,12 @@ export const QuickScriptEditorDialog: React.FC<QuickScriptEditorDialogProps> = (
   const handleTargetsAllHostsChange = useCallback((checked: boolean) => {
     if (checked) {
       setTargetSelection([]);
+      setTargetGroupSelection([]);
       setEditingSnippet((prev) => ({
         ...prev,
         targetsAllHosts: true,
         targets: [],
+        targetGroups: undefined,
       }));
       return;
     }
@@ -266,6 +281,8 @@ export const QuickScriptEditorDialog: React.FC<QuickScriptEditorDialogProps> = (
       selectedHostIds={targetSelection}
       onSelectHost={handleSelectHost}
       onSelectionChange={handleSelectionChange}
+      selectedGroupPaths={targetGroupSelection}
+      onGroupSelectionChange={setTargetGroupSelection}
       targetsAllHosts={Boolean(editingSnippet.targetsAllHosts)}
       onTargetsAllHostsChange={handleTargetsAllHostsChange}
     />

components/scripts/ScriptEditorModal.tsx

@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ import type { Host, Snippet } from '@/domain/models';
 import { DEFAULT_SCRIPT_TEMPLATE } from '@/domain/snippetScript.ts';
 import { scheduleWindowInputFocus } from '@/application/state/windowInputFocus';
 import { SelectHostDialog } from '@/components/SelectHostDialog';
+import { SelectGroupDialog } from '@/components/SelectGroupDialog';
 import { ScriptCodeEditor } from './ScriptCodeEditor';
 import { ScriptMetaFields } from './ScriptMetaFields';
 import { SnippetTargetsSection } from '@/components/snippets/SnippetTargetsSection';
+import { resolveSnippetTargetGroupsForSave } from '@/domain/snippetTargets.ts';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Dialog, DialogContent, DialogTitle } from '@/components/ui/dialog';
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '@/components/ui/tooltip';
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ export interface ScriptEditorModalProps {
   selectedHostIds: string[];
   onSelectHost: (host: Host) => void;
   onSelectionChange?: (selectedHostIds: string[]) => void;
+  selectedGroupPaths?: string[];
+  onGroupSelectionChange?: (selectedGroupPaths: string[]) => void;
   targetsAllHosts?: boolean;
   onTargetsAllHostsChange?: (checked: boolean) => void;
 }
@@ -53,11 +57,14 @@ export const ScriptEditorModal: React.FC<ScriptEditorModalProps> = ({
   selectedHostIds,
   onSelectHost,
   onSelectionChange,
+  selectedGroupPaths = [],
+  onGroupSelectionChange,
   targetsAllHosts = false,
   onTargetsAllHostsChange,
 }) => {
   const { t } = useI18n();
   const [targetPickerOpen, setTargetPickerOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [groupPickerOpen, setGroupPickerOpen] = useState(false);
 
   const handleOpenChange = useCallback((isOpen: boolean) => {
     if (!isOpen) {
@@ -81,9 +88,10 @@ export const ScriptEditorModal: React.FC<ScriptEditorModalProps> = ({
     onChange({
       ...snippet,
       targets: selectedHostIds,
+      targetGroups: resolveSnippetTargetGroupsForSave(snippet, selectedGroupPaths),
       targetsAllHosts: undefined,
     });
-  }, [onChange, selectedHostIds, snippet]);
+  }, [onChange, selectedGroupPaths, selectedHostIds, snippet]);
 
   const language = 'javascript';
   const editorValue = snippet.command || DEFAULT_SCRIPT_TEMPLATE;
@@ -146,9 +154,13 @@ export const ScriptEditorModal: React.FC<ScriptEditorModalProps> = ({
                 variant="embedded"
                 t={t}
                 targetHosts={targetHosts}
+                targetGroups={selectedGroupPaths}
                 onEditTargets={() => {
                   if (!targetsAllHosts) setTargetPickerOpen(true);
                 }}
+                onEditGroups={onGroupSelectionChange ? () => {
+                  if (!targetsAllHosts) setGroupPickerOpen(true);
+                } : undefined}
                 hint={t('scripts.targets.hint')}
                 targetsAllHosts={targetsAllHosts}
                 onTargetsAllHostsChange={onTargetsAllHostsChange}
@@ -192,6 +204,21 @@ export const ScriptEditorModal: React.FC<ScriptEditorModalProps> = ({
         onSelectionChange={onSelectionChange}
         onConfirm={handleTargetsConfirm}
       />
+      <SelectGroupDialog
+        open={groupPickerOpen}
+        onOpenChange={setGroupPickerOpen}
+        hosts={hosts}
+        customGroups={customGroups}
+        selectedGroupPaths={selectedGroupPaths}
+        onSelectionChange={(nextGroups) => {
+          onGroupSelectionChange?.(nextGroups);
+          onChange({
+            ...snippet,
+            targetGroups: nextGroups,
+            targetsAllHosts: undefined,
+          });
+        }}
+      />
     </>
   );
 };

components/settings/settings-ui.tsx

@@ -161,6 +161,16 @@ export const SettingsSection: React.FC<{
   </section>
 );
 
+/** Footer note under a SettingCard. Keep a gap so it does not kiss the card. */
+export const settingHintClassName = "mt-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground";
+
+export const SettingHint: React.FC<{
+  children: React.ReactNode;
+  className?: string;
+}> = ({ children, className }) => (
+  <p className={cn(settingHintClassName, className)}>{children}</p>
+);
+
 export const settingCardClassName = "rounded-lg border bg-card";
 
 interface SettingCardProps {

components/settings/settingsFocus.test.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,20 @@ import assert from "node:assert/strict";
 import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
 import test from "node:test";
 
+test("system setting hints sit below their cards with a shared top gap", () => {
+  const uiSource = readFileSync(new URL("./settings-ui.tsx", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+  const systemSource = readFileSync(new URL("./tabs/SettingsSystemTab.tsx", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+
+  assert.match(uiSource, /export const settingHintClassName = "mt-3 text-xs text-muted-foreground"/);
+  assert.match(uiSource, /export const SettingHint/);
+  assert.match(systemSource, /SettingHint/);
+  assert.match(systemSource, /settings\.system\.crashLogs\.hint/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(
+    systemSource,
+    /<p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">\s*\{t\("settings\.system\.crashLogs\.hint"\)\}/,
+  );
+});
+
 test("settings search focus scrolls the content pane, not the window viewport", () => {
   const source = readFileSync(new URL("./settingsFocus.ts", import.meta.url), "utf8");
   const uiSource = readFileSync(new URL("./settings-ui.tsx", import.meta.url), "utf8");

components/settings/tabs/SettingsSystemTab.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { SessionLogFormat, keyEventToString } from "../../../domain/models";
 import type { HttpNetworkProxyMode, HttpNetworkProxySettings } from "../../../domain/httpNetworkProxy";
 import { Button } from "../../ui/button";
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from "../../ui/tooltip";
-import { Toggle, Select, SettingRow, SectionHeader, SettingCard, SettingsAnchor, SettingsTabContent } from "../settings-ui";
+import { Toggle, Select, SettingRow, SectionHeader, SettingCard, SettingHint, SettingsAnchor, SettingsTabContent } from "../settings-ui";
 import { cn } from "../../../lib/utils";
 
 interface CrashLogFile {
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ interface SettingsSystemTabProps {
   setRestorePreviousSession: (enabled: boolean) => void;
   restoreTerminalCwd: boolean;
   setRestoreTerminalCwd: (enabled: boolean) => void;
+  startupLanding: "vault" | "local-terminal";
+  setStartupLanding: (landing: "vault" | "local-terminal") => void;
   toggleWindowHotkey: string;
   setToggleWindowHotkey: (hotkey: string) => void;
   closeToTray: boolean;
@@ -139,6 +141,8 @@ const SettingsSystemTab: React.FC<SettingsSystemTabProps> = ({
   setRestorePreviousSession,
   restoreTerminalCwd,
   setRestoreTerminalCwd,
+  startupLanding,
+  setStartupLanding,
   toggleWindowHotkey,
   setToggleWindowHotkey,
   closeToTray,
@@ -565,7 +569,7 @@ const SettingsSystemTab: React.FC<SettingsSystemTabProps> = ({
                 />
               </SettingRow>
             </SettingCard>
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <SettingHint>
               {updateState.lastCheckedAt && (
                 <span>
                   {t('settings.update.lastCheckedPrefix')}
@@ -574,7 +578,7 @@ const SettingsSystemTab: React.FC<SettingsSystemTabProps> = ({
                 </span>
               )}
               {t('settings.update.hint')}
-            </p>
+            </SettingHint>
 
           <SectionHeader title={t("settings.system.networkProxy.title")} />
             <SettingCard className="space-y-4 py-4">
@@ -635,9 +639,9 @@ const SettingsSystemTab: React.FC<SettingsSystemTabProps> = ({
                 </>
               )}
             </SettingCard>
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <SettingHint>
               {t("settings.system.networkProxy.hint")}
-            </p>
+            </SettingHint>
 
           <SectionHeader title={t("settings.system.credentials.title")} />
             <SettingsAnchor anchorId="system-credentials">
@@ -828,9 +832,9 @@ const SettingsSystemTab: React.FC<SettingsSystemTabProps> = ({
               )}
             </SettingCard>
 
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <SettingHint>
               {t("settings.system.crashLogs.hint")}
-            </p>
+            </SettingHint>
             </SettingsAnchor>
 
           <SectionHeader title={t("settings.system.tempDirectory")} />
@@ -911,13 +915,31 @@ const SettingsSystemTab: React.FC<SettingsSystemTabProps> = ({
               )}
             </SettingCard>
 
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <SettingHint>
               {t("settings.system.tempDirectoryHint")}
-            </p>
+            </SettingHint>
             </SettingsAnchor>
 
           <SectionHeader title={t("settings.sessionRestore.title")} />
             <SettingCard className="space-y-4 py-4">
+              <SettingRow
+                anchorId="system-startup-landing"
+                label={t("settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding")}
+                description={t("settings.sessionRestore.startupLandingDesc")}
+              >
+                <Select
+                  value={startupLanding}
+                  onChange={(value) => {
+                    if (value === "vault" || value === "local-terminal") {
+                      setStartupLanding(value);
+                    }
+                  }}
+                  options={[
+                    { value: "vault", label: t("settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding.vault") },
+                    { value: "local-terminal", label: t("settings.sessionRestore.startupLanding.localTerminal") },
+                  ]}
+                />
+              </SettingRow>
               <SettingRow
                 anchorId="system-session-restore"
                 label={t("settings.sessionRestore.restorePreviousSession")}
@@ -1046,9 +1068,9 @@ const SettingsSystemTab: React.FC<SettingsSystemTabProps> = ({
               </div>
             </SettingCard>
 
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <SettingHint>
               {t("settings.sessionLogs.hint")}
-            </p>
+            </SettingHint>
 
           <SectionHeader title={t('settings.sshDeepLink.title')} />
             <SettingCard>
@@ -1161,9 +1183,9 @@ const SettingsSystemTab: React.FC<SettingsSystemTabProps> = ({
               </div>
             </SettingCard>
 
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <SettingHint>
               {t("settings.sshDebugLogs.hint")}
-            </p>
+            </SettingHint>
 
           <SectionHeader title={t("settings.globalHotkey.title")} />
             <SettingCard className="space-y-4 py-4">
@@ -1236,9 +1258,9 @@ const SettingsSystemTab: React.FC<SettingsSystemTabProps> = ({
               </SettingRow>
             </SettingCard>
 
-            <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+            <SettingHint>
               {t("settings.globalHotkey.hint")}
-            </p>
+            </SettingHint>
     </SettingsTabContent>
   );
 };

components/settings/tabs/ai/ModelSelector.tsx

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Check, ChevronDown, RefreshCw } from "lucide-react";
 import type { AIProviderId, ProviderStyle } from "../../../../infrastructure/ai/types";
 import { resolveProviderStyle } from "../../../../infrastructure/ai/types";
 import { buildModelDiscoveryHeaders, resolveModelsDiscoveryEndpoint } from "../../../../infrastructure/ai/modelDiscoveryHeaders";
+import { buildProviderProbeUrl } from "../../../../infrastructure/ai/providerConnectionProbe";
 import { useI18n } from "../../../../application/i18n/I18nProvider";
 import { Button } from "../../../ui/button";
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from "../../../ui/tooltip";
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ export const ModelSelector: React.FC<{
       if (bridge.aiAllowlistAddHost && baseURL) {
         await bridge.aiAllowlistAddHost(baseURL);
       }
-      const url = `${baseURL.replace(/\/+$/, "")}${effectiveModelsEndpoint}`;
+      const url = buildProviderProbeUrl(baseURL, effectiveModelsEndpoint);
       const headers = buildModelDiscoveryHeaders(resolvedStyle, apiKey);
       const result = await bridge.aiFetch(url, "GET", headers, undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined, skipTLSVerify);
       if (!result.ok) {

components/settings/tabs/ai/ProviderConfigForm.tsx

@@ -509,6 +509,9 @@ export const ProviderConfigForm: React.FC<{
           placeholder={preset?.defaultBaseURL || "https://"}
           className="w-full h-8 rounded-md border border-input bg-background px-3 text-sm placeholder:text-muted-foreground focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-1 focus-visible:ring-ring"
         />
+        {resolvedStyle === "anthropic" ? (
+          <p className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground/70">{t('ai.providers.baseUrl.anthropicHelp')}</p>
+        ) : null}
       </div>
 
       {/* Default Model */}

components/sftp/SftpConflictDialog.test.ts

@@ -23,3 +23,17 @@ test("offers replace when a file upload conflicts with an existing file", () =>
     existingType: "file",
   }), true);
 });
+
+test("offers replace when a directory upload conflicts with an existing symlink", () => {
+  assert.equal(canReplaceConflict({
+    isDirectory: true,
+    existingType: "symlink",
+  }), true);
+});
+
+test("offers replace when a file upload conflicts with an existing symlink", () => {
+  assert.equal(canReplaceConflict({
+    isDirectory: false,
+    existingType: "symlink",
+  }), true);
+});

components/sftp/SftpHostPicker.test.ts

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ test("sftp host picker uses single-line quick switcher row layout", () => {
   assert.doesNotMatch(source, /text-xs text-muted-foreground truncate/);
 });
 
-test("sftp host picker omits sourceSessionId for sudo connected hosts", () => {
+test("sftp host picker passes sourceSessionId for sudo connected hosts", () => {
   assert.match(source, /sftpSourceSessionIdForHost/);
   assert.match(
     source,
@@ -60,11 +60,6 @@ test("sftp host picker omits sourceSessionId for sudo connected hosts", () => {
     source,
     /onSelectHost\(\s*item\.entry\.host,\s*sourceSessionId \? \{ sourceSessionId \} : undefined,\s*\)/,
   );
-  // Must not always pass sessionId as a reuse hint (sudo would hide the spinner).
-  assert.doesNotMatch(
-    source,
-    /onSelectHost\(item\.entry\.host, \{ sourceSessionId: item\.entry\.sessionId \}\)/,
-  );
 });
 
 test("sftp host picker virtualizes the host list", () => {

components/sftp/sftpSidePanelAutoConnect.test.ts

@@ -4,8 +4,13 @@ import type { SftpPane } from "../../application/state/sftp/types";
 import {
   connectionKeyMatchesHost,
   findReusableSftpSidePanelTab,
+  isPendingSameEndpointSshSession,
   isRemoteSftpTabHealthy,
+  rememberSftpSidePanelSourceStatus,
+  resolveSftpSidePanelTrackedSourceStatusUpdate,
   shouldAcceptPendingSftpUpload,
+  shouldDeferSftpSidePanelAutoConnectForSession,
+  shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession,
   shouldResetSftpSidePanelSourceSession,
   shouldSkipSftpSidePanelAutoConnect,
 } from "./sftpSidePanelAutoConnect";
@@ -77,6 +82,35 @@ test("shouldSkipSftpSidePanelAutoConnect rejects when the active tab has no endp
   );
 });
 
+test("isPendingSameEndpointSshSession only waits for actively connecting SSH sessions", () => {
+  const host = {
+    id: "host-1",
+    hostname: "server.example",
+    port: 22,
+    username: "root",
+  };
+  const baseSession = {
+    hostId: "host-1",
+    hostname: "server.example",
+    port: 22,
+    username: "root",
+    protocol: "ssh",
+  };
+
+  assert.equal(
+    isPendingSameEndpointSshSession({ ...baseSession, status: "connecting" }, host),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    isPendingSameEndpointSshSession({ ...baseSession, status: "disconnected" }, host),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    isPendingSameEndpointSshSession({ ...baseSession, status: "connected" }, host),
+    false,
+  );
+});
+
 test("connectionKeyMatchesHost accepts host-id prefix keys", () => {
   assert.equal(connectionKeyMatchesHost("host-1:server:22:ssh::root", "host-1"), true);
   assert.equal(connectionKeyMatchesHost("host-2:server:22:ssh::root", "host-1"), false);
@@ -146,6 +180,175 @@ test("shouldResetSftpSidePanelSourceSession detects terminal session changes", (
   assert.equal(shouldResetSftpSidePanelSourceSession("sess-a", null), false);
 });
 
+test("shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession treats SSH start-over as a transport change", () => {
+  // Same terminal tab id after Start over - transport was replaced even though
+  // the session id did not change.
+  assert.equal(
+    shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession({
+      previousSessionId: "sess-a",
+      nextSessionId: "sess-a",
+      previousStatus: "disconnected",
+      nextStatus: "connected",
+    }),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession({
+      previousSessionId: "sess-a",
+      nextSessionId: "sess-a",
+      previousStatus: "connecting",
+      nextStatus: "connected",
+    }),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession({
+      previousSessionId: "sess-a",
+      nextSessionId: "sess-a",
+      previousStatus: "connected",
+      nextStatus: "connected",
+    }),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession({
+      previousSessionId: "sess-a",
+      nextSessionId: "sess-b",
+      previousStatus: "connected",
+      nextStatus: "connected",
+    }),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession({
+      previousSessionId: "sess-a",
+      nextSessionId: "sess-a",
+      previousStatus: "disconnected",
+      nextStatus: "connecting",
+    }),
+    false,
+  );
+});
+
+test("shouldDeferSftpSidePanelAutoConnectForSession only waits during an active reconnect", () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    shouldDeferSftpSidePanelAutoConnectForSession({
+      activeSessionId: "sess-a",
+      sessionStatus: "disconnected",
+    }),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    shouldDeferSftpSidePanelAutoConnectForSession({
+      activeSessionId: "sess-a",
+      sessionStatus: "connecting",
+    }),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    shouldDeferSftpSidePanelAutoConnectForSession({
+      activeSessionId: "sess-a",
+      sessionStatus: "connected",
+    }),
+    false,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    shouldDeferSftpSidePanelAutoConnectForSession({
+      activeSessionId: null,
+      sessionStatus: "connecting",
+    }),
+    false,
+  );
+});
+
+test("resolveSftpSidePanelTrackedSourceStatusUpdate remembers background disconnects", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    resolveSftpSidePanelTrackedSourceStatusUpdate({
+      trackedSessionId: "sess-a",
+      sessionStatus: "disconnected",
+    }),
+    { sessionId: "sess-a", status: "disconnected" },
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    resolveSftpSidePanelTrackedSourceStatusUpdate({
+      trackedSessionId: "sess-a",
+      sessionStatus: "connecting",
+    }),
+    { sessionId: "sess-a", status: "connecting" },
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    resolveSftpSidePanelTrackedSourceStatusUpdate({
+      trackedSessionId: "sess-a",
+      sessionStatus: "connected",
+    }),
+    null,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    resolveSftpSidePanelTrackedSourceStatusUpdate({
+      trackedSessionId: null,
+      sessionStatus: "disconnected",
+    }),
+    null,
+  );
+});
+
+test("rememberSftpSidePanelSourceStatus keeps the linked SSH status across non-SSH focus", () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    rememberSftpSidePanelSourceStatus({
+      previousStatus: "connecting",
+      activeSessionId: null,
+      activeSessionStatus: null,
+    }),
+    "connecting",
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    rememberSftpSidePanelSourceStatus({
+      previousStatus: "disconnected",
+      activeSessionId: null,
+      activeSessionStatus: null,
+    }),
+    "disconnected",
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    rememberSftpSidePanelSourceStatus({
+      previousStatus: "disconnected",
+      activeSessionId: "sess-a",
+      activeSessionStatus: "connected",
+    }),
+    "connected",
+  );
+});
+
+test("failed terminal reconnect keeps a healthy standalone SFTP tab", () => {
+  const tab = remoteConnectedTab();
+  const sessionChanged = shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession({
+    previousSessionId: "sess-a",
+    nextSessionId: "sess-a",
+    previousStatus: "connecting",
+    nextStatus: "disconnected",
+  });
+  assert.equal(sessionChanged, false);
+  assert.equal(
+    !sessionChanged && shouldSkipSftpSidePanelAutoConnect(
+      "host-1:key",
+      "host-1:key",
+      tab,
+      true,
+      "host-1:key",
+    ),
+    true,
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession({
+      previousSessionId: "sess-a",
+      nextSessionId: "sess-a",
+      previousStatus: "connecting",
+      nextStatus: "connected",
+    }),
+    true,
+  );
+});
+
 test("session change still requires rebind even when the endpoint key matches", () => {
   const tab = remoteConnectedTab();
   // Callers must not skip auto-connect solely because the tab is healthy —

components/sftp/sftpSidePanelAutoConnect.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,36 @@ export function shouldSkipSftpSidePanelAutoConnect(
   return isRemoteSftpTabHealthy(activeTab, hasBackendSession);
 }
 
+export function isPendingSameEndpointSshSession(
+  session: {
+    hostId?: string | null;
+    status?: string;
+    hostname?: string | null;
+    port?: number | null;
+    username?: string | null;
+    protocol?: string | null;
+    moshEnabled?: boolean;
+    etEnabled?: boolean;
+  },
+  host: {
+    id: string;
+    hostname: string;
+    port?: number | null;
+    username: string;
+  },
+): boolean {
+  return Boolean(
+    session.hostId === host.id
+    && session.status === "connecting"
+    && session.hostname === host.hostname
+    && (session.port ?? 22) === (host.port ?? 22)
+    && session.username === host.username
+    && (session.protocol === "ssh" || session.protocol === undefined)
+    && !session.moshEnabled
+    && !session.etEnabled,
+  );
+}
+
 /** Whether a stored endpoint key still belongs to the live connection's host. */
 export function connectionKeyMatchesHost(
   connectionKey: string | null | undefined,
@@ -105,3 +135,66 @@ export function shouldResetSftpSidePanelSourceSession(
   if (!previousSessionId) return false;
   return nextSessionId !== previousSessionId;
 }
+
+/**
+ * True when the SFTP side panel must rebind onto a fresh SSH transport.
+ * Covers focus switches (session id change) and same-tab reconnect /
+ * Start over, where the id is stable but the underlying channel was replaced.
+ */
+export function shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession(params: {
+  previousSessionId: string | null | undefined;
+  nextSessionId: string | null | undefined;
+  previousStatus?: string | null;
+  nextStatus?: string | null;
+}): boolean {
+  if (shouldResetSftpSidePanelSourceSession(params.previousSessionId, params.nextSessionId)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (!params.nextSessionId) return false;
+  if (params.previousSessionId !== params.nextSessionId) return false;
+  if (params.nextStatus !== "connected") return false;
+  if (params.previousStatus == null) return false;
+  return params.previousStatus !== "connected";
+}
+
+/**
+ * While the linked terminal is actively connecting, wait for its transport so
+ * SFTP can reuse it. A terminal left disconnected must not block standalone
+ * SFTP fallback.
+ */
+export function shouldDeferSftpSidePanelAutoConnectForSession(params: {
+  activeSessionId?: string | null;
+  sessionStatus?: string | null;
+}): boolean {
+  if (!params.activeSessionId) return false;
+  return params.sessionStatus === "connecting";
+}
+
+/**
+ * While the last linked SSH session is not the active reusable source,
+ * remember its non-connected status so a background reconnect still rebinds
+ * when that session becomes active again.
+ */
+export function resolveSftpSidePanelTrackedSourceStatusUpdate(params: {
+  trackedSessionId?: string | null;
+  sessionStatus?: string | null;
+}): { sessionId: string; status: string } | null {
+  if (!params.trackedSessionId) return null;
+  if (!params.sessionStatus || params.sessionStatus === "connected") return null;
+  return {
+    sessionId: params.trackedSessionId,
+    status: params.sessionStatus,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Keep the tracked source status when focus temporarily has no reusable SSH. */
+export function rememberSftpSidePanelSourceStatus(params: {
+  previousStatus?: string | null;
+  activeSessionId?: string | null;
+  activeSessionStatus?: string | null;
+}): string | null {
+  if (params.activeSessionId && params.activeSessionStatus) {
+    return params.activeSessionStatus;
+  }
+  return params.previousStatus ?? null;
+}

components/sftp/sftpSidePanelReconnectSafety.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import test from "node:test";
+
+const sidePanelSource = readFileSync(new URL("../SftpSidePanel.tsx", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+const tabBridgeSource = readFileSync(
+  new URL("../terminalLayer/TerminalLayerTabBridge.tsx", import.meta.url),
+  "utf8",
+);
+
+test("SFTP side panel rebinds after same-tab SSH start-over", () => {
+  assert.match(sidePanelSource, /shouldRebindSftpSidePanelSourceSession\(/);
+  assert.match(sidePanelSource, /shouldDeferSftpSidePanelAutoConnectForSession\(/);
+  assert.match(sidePanelSource, /lastSourceSessionStatusRef/);
+  assert.match(
+    sidePanelSource,
+    /previousStatus:\s*lastSourceSessionStatusRef\.current/,
+  );
+  // Reuse only after SSH is connected; linked id may arrive while reconnecting.
+  assert.match(
+    sidePanelSource,
+    /sourceSessionId:\s*activeSessionStatus === "connected"/,
+  );
+  assert.match(sidePanelSource, /resolveSftpSidePanelTrackedSourceStatusUpdate\(/);
+  assert.match(
+    sidePanelSource,
+    /trackedSessionId = lastSourceSessionIdRef\.current/,
+  );
+  assert.match(sidePanelSource, /if \(activeSessionId\) return;/);
+});
+
+test("terminal layer keeps the linked SFTP session id while SSH reconnects", () => {
+  assert.match(tabBridgeSource, /isTerminalSessionEligibleForSftpReuse\(session\)/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(
+    tabBridgeSource,
+    /activeTerminalSessionIdForSftp[\s\S]*canReuseTerminalConnection\(session\)/,
+  );
+});

components/snippets/SnippetTargetsSection.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import React from 'react';
+import { renderToStaticMarkup } from 'react-dom/server';
+import { SnippetTargetsSection } from './SnippetTargetsSection';
+
+const t = (key: string) => ({
+  'snippets.targets.title': 'Targets',
+  'snippets.targets.selectHosts': 'Select hosts',
+  'snippets.targets.selectGroups': 'Select groups',
+  'snippets.targets.add': 'Add targets',
+  'snippets.targets.allHosts': 'All hosts',
+  'snippets.targets.allHostsShort': 'All hosts',
+  'snippets.targets.allHostsActive': 'Every host',
+}[key] ?? key);
+
+test('renders dynamic group targets separately from explicit hosts', () => {
+  const markup = renderToStaticMarkup(
+    <SnippetTargetsSection
+      t={t}
+      targetHosts={[]}
+      targetGroups={['Production/Web']}
+      onEditTargets={() => undefined}
+      onEditGroups={() => undefined}
+    />,
+  );
+  assert.match(markup, /Production\/Web/);
+  assert.match(markup, /Select hosts/);
+  assert.match(markup, /Select groups/);
+});
+
+test('all-host mode hides host and group pickers', () => {
+  const markup = renderToStaticMarkup(
+    <SnippetTargetsSection
+      t={t}
+      targetHosts={[]}
+      targetGroups={['Production']}
+      onEditTargets={() => undefined}
+      onEditGroups={() => undefined}
+      targetsAllHosts
+      onTargetsAllHostsChange={() => undefined}
+    />,
+  );
+  assert.doesNotMatch(markup, /Select hosts/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(markup, /Select groups/);
+  assert.match(markup, /Every host/);
+});

components/snippets/SnippetTargetsSection.tsx

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { FolderTree, Server } from 'lucide-react';
 import React from 'react';
 import { DistroAvatar } from '../DistroAvatar';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@ export interface SnippetTargetsSectionProps {
   t: (key: string, params?: Record<string, unknown>) => string;
   targetHosts: Host[];
   onEditTargets: () => void;
+  targetGroups?: string[];
+  onEditGroups?: () => void;
   hint?: string;
   variant?: 'card' | 'embedded';
   targetsAllHosts?: boolean;
@@ -25,6 +28,8 @@ const TargetsBody: React.FC<{
   t: SnippetTargetsSectionProps['t'];
   targetHosts: Host[];
   onEditTargets: () => void;
+  targetGroups?: string[];
+  onEditGroups?: () => void;
   hint?: string;
   embedded?: boolean;
   targetsAllHosts?: boolean;
@@ -33,6 +38,8 @@ const TargetsBody: React.FC<{
   t,
   targetHosts,
   onEditTargets,
+  targetGroups = [],
+  onEditGroups,
   hint,
   embedded = false,
   targetsAllHosts = false,
@@ -50,14 +57,28 @@ const TargetsBody: React.FC<{
 
       <div className="flex items-center gap-1 min-w-0">
         {!targetsAllHosts ? (
-          <Button
-            variant="ghost"
-            size="sm"
-            className={cn(actionButtonClass(embedded), 'text-primary')}
-            onClick={onEditTargets}
-          >
-            {targetHosts.length > 0 ? t('action.edit') : t('snippets.targets.add')}
-          </Button>
+          <>
+            <Button
+              variant="ghost"
+              size="sm"
+              className={cn(actionButtonClass(embedded), 'text-primary gap-1')}
+              onClick={onEditTargets}
+            >
+              <Server size={12} />
+              {t('snippets.targets.selectHosts')}
+            </Button>
+            {onEditGroups ? (
+              <Button
+                variant="ghost"
+                size="sm"
+                className={cn(actionButtonClass(embedded), 'text-primary gap-1')}
+                onClick={onEditGroups}
+              >
+                <FolderTree size={12} />
+                {t('snippets.targets.selectGroups')}
+              </Button>
+            ) : null}
+          </>
         ) : null}
 
         {onTargetsAllHostsChange ? (
@@ -91,7 +112,7 @@ const TargetsBody: React.FC<{
       >
         {t('snippets.targets.allHostsActive')}
       </p>
-    ) : targetHosts.length === 0 ? (
+    ) : targetHosts.length === 0 && targetGroups.length === 0 ? (
       embedded ? null : (
         <Button
           variant="secondary"
@@ -103,6 +124,18 @@ const TargetsBody: React.FC<{
       )
     ) : (
       <div className={cn('gap-2', embedded ? 'flex flex-wrap' : 'space-y-2')}>
+        {targetGroups.map((groupPath) => (
+          <div
+            key={`group:${groupPath}`}
+            className={cn(
+              'flex items-center gap-2 rounded-lg border border-border/60 bg-primary/5 max-w-full',
+              embedded ? 'px-2 py-1.5 text-xs' : 'px-3 py-2 text-sm',
+            )}
+          >
+            <FolderTree size={14} className="text-primary shrink-0" />
+            <span className="truncate font-medium">{groupPath}</span>
+          </div>
+        ))}
         {targetHosts.map((host) => (
           embedded ? (
             <div
@@ -133,6 +166,8 @@ export const SnippetTargetsSection: React.FC<SnippetTargetsSectionProps> = ({
   t,
   targetHosts,
   onEditTargets,
+  targetGroups,
+  onEditGroups,
   hint,
   variant = 'card',
   targetsAllHosts,
@@ -143,6 +178,8 @@ export const SnippetTargetsSection: React.FC<SnippetTargetsSectionProps> = ({
       t={t}
       targetHosts={targetHosts}
       onEditTargets={onEditTargets}
+      targetGroups={targetGroups}
+      onEditGroups={onEditGroups}
       hint={hint}
       embedded={variant === 'embedded'}
       targetsAllHosts={targetsAllHosts}

components/systemManager/SystemManagerSidePanel.test.tsx

@@ -64,6 +64,16 @@ test("overview tab reuses the shared server stats source", () => {
   assert.doesNotMatch(source, /backend\.getServerStats/);
 });
 
+test("overview network interfaces show cumulative RX/TX totals alongside rates", () => {
+  const source = readFileSync(new URL("./SystemOverviewTab.tsx", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+
+  assert.match(source, /stats\.netInterfaces\.slice\(0, 5\)\.map/);
+  assert.match(source, /formatBytes\(iface\.rxBytes\)/);
+  assert.match(source, /formatBytes\(iface\.txBytes\)/);
+  assert.match(source, /formatThroughput\(iface\.rxSpeed\)/);
+  assert.match(source, /formatThroughput\(iface\.txSpeed\)/);
+});
+
 test("overview tab stays mounted and only pauses polling while another system tab is active", () => {
   const source = readFileSync(new URL("./SystemManagerSidePanel.tsx", import.meta.url), "utf8");
 

components/systemManager/SystemOverviewTab.tsx

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ function formatPercent(value: number | null | undefined, digits = 0): string {
 function formatBytes(bytes: number): string {
   const value = Number(bytes);
   if (!Number.isFinite(value) || value <= 0) return '0 B';
+  if (value >= 1024 ** 4) return `${(value / 1024 ** 4).toFixed(1)} TB`;
   if (value >= 1024 ** 3) return `${(value / 1024 ** 3).toFixed(1)} GB`;
   if (value >= 1024 ** 2) return `${(value / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(1)} MB`;
   if (value >= 1024) return `${(value / 1024).toFixed(1)} KB`;
@@ -396,11 +397,16 @@ export const SystemOverviewTab = memo(function SystemOverviewTab({
             {stats.netInterfaces.length > 0 ? (
               <div className="space-y-2">
                 {stats.netInterfaces.slice(0, 5).map((iface) => (
-                  <div key={iface.name} className="grid grid-cols-[1fr_auto] items-center gap-2 text-[11px]">
-                    <span className="min-w-0 truncate text-foreground">{iface.name}</span>
-                    <span className="shrink-0 tabular-nums text-muted-foreground">
+                  <div key={iface.name} className="space-y-0.5">
+                    <div className="grid grid-cols-[1fr_auto] items-center gap-2 text-[11px]">
+                      <span className="min-w-0 truncate text-foreground">{iface.name}</span>
+                      <span className="shrink-0 tabular-nums text-muted-foreground">
+                        {t('systemManager.overview.rx')} {formatBytes(iface.rxBytes)} · {t('systemManager.overview.tx')} {formatBytes(iface.txBytes)}
+                      </span>
+                    </div>
+                    <div className="text-right text-[10px] tabular-nums text-muted-foreground/80">
                       {t('systemManager.overview.rx')} {formatThroughput(iface.rxSpeed)} · {t('systemManager.overview.tx')} {formatThroughput(iface.txSpeed)}
-                    </span>
+                    </div>
                   </div>
                 ))}
               </div>

components/terminal/TerminalAutocomplete.tsx

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ interface TerminalAutocompleteProps {
   termRef: RefObject<XTerm | null>;
   sessionId: string;
   hostId: string;
+  hostGroup?: string;
   hostOs: "linux" | "windows" | "macos";
   settings?: Partial<AutocompleteSettings>;
   protocol?: string;
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ export function TerminalAutocomplete({
   termRef,
   sessionId,
   hostId,
+  hostGroup,
   hostOs,
   settings,
   protocol,
@@ -119,6 +121,7 @@ export function TerminalAutocomplete({
         ...(options.cwd ? { cwd: options.cwd } : {}),
       },
       hostOs,
+      hostGroup,
       cwdSource: options.cwdSource,
       snippets: options.snippets,
       maximum: options.maxResults ?? 15,
@@ -126,12 +129,13 @@ export function TerminalAutocomplete({
       signal: options.signal,
       onLatePathSuggestions: options.onLatePathSuggestions,
     });
-  }, [allowHostStyleGreaterThanPrompt, hostId, hostOs, isPluginCompletionProviderAvailable, protocol, sensitiveInputActiveRef, sessionId, settings?.historyScope, status, workspaceId]);
+  }, [allowHostStyleGreaterThanPrompt, hostGroup, hostId, hostOs, isPluginCompletionProviderAvailable, protocol, sensitiveInputActiveRef, sessionId, settings?.historyScope, status, workspaceId]);
   const autocomplete = useTerminalAutocomplete({
     termRef,
     containerRef,
     sessionId,
     hostId,
+    hostGroup,
     hostOs,
     settings,
     onAcceptText,

components/terminal/TerminalServerStats.tsx

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { HoverCard, HoverCardContent, HoverCardTrigger } from '../ui/hover-card'
 import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from '../ui/tooltip';
 import { formatNetSpeed } from './terminalHelpers';
 import { useServerStats } from '../../application/state/useServerStats';
-import { formatDiskCapacityGb, resolveTerminalDiskSummary } from './serverStatsFormat';
+import { formatDiskCapacityRange, resolveTerminalDiskSummary } from './serverStatsFormat';
 
 interface TerminalServerStatsProps {
   sessionId: string;
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ export const TerminalServerStats: React.FC<TerminalServerStatsProps> = ({
                         diskSummary.percent !== null && diskSummary.percent >= 80 && diskSummary.percent < 90 && "text-amber-400"
                       )}>
                         {diskSummary.used !== null && diskSummary.total !== null && diskSummary.percent !== null
-                          ? `${formatDiskCapacityGb(diskSummary.used)}/${formatDiskCapacityGb(diskSummary.total)}G (${diskSummary.percent}%)`
+                          ? `${formatDiskCapacityRange(diskSummary.used, diskSummary.total)} (${diskSummary.percent}%)`
                           : diskSummary.percent !== null
                             ? `${diskSummary.percent}%`
                             : '--'}
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ export const TerminalServerStats: React.FC<TerminalServerStatsProps> = ({
                                   "text-[11px] font-medium whitespace-nowrap",
                                   disk.percent >= 90 ? "text-red-400" : disk.percent >= 80 ? "text-amber-400" : "text-emerald-400"
                                 )}>
-                                  {formatDiskCapacityGb(disk.used)}/{formatDiskCapacityGb(disk.total)}G ({disk.percent}%)
+                                  {formatDiskCapacityRange(disk.used, disk.total)} ({disk.percent}%)
                                 </span>
                               </div>
                               <div className="w-full h-1.5 bg-muted rounded-full overflow-hidden">

components/terminal/TerminalView.test.tsx

@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ test("manual disconnect keeps the session pane for reconnect", () => {
   assert.match(body, /isBootActiveRef\.current = false/);
   assert.match(body, /setIsCancelling\(true\)/);
   assert.match(body, /updateStatus\("disconnected"\)/);
-  assert.match(body, /void cleanupSession\(\)/);
+  assert.match(body, /void cleanupSession\(\{ retainOwnership: true \}\)/);
   assert.match(source, /trackSessionCleanup/);
   assert.doesNotMatch(body, /onCloseSession/);
   assert.match(source, /handleDisconnect: \(attachExistingSession \|\| compactToolbar\) \? undefined : handleDisconnect/);

components/terminal/TerminalView.tsx

@@ -993,6 +993,7 @@ function TerminalViewInner({ ctx }: { ctx: TerminalViewContext }) {
             termRef={termRef}
             sessionId={sessionId}
             hostId={host.id}
+            hostGroup={host.group}
             hostOs={autocompleteHostOs}
             settings={autocompleteSettings}
             protocol={effectiveTerminalProtocol ?? resolveEffectiveTerminalProtocol(host)}

components/terminal/autocomplete/completionEngine.ts

@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ export async function getCompletions(
   input: string,
   options: {
     hostId?: string;
+    hostGroup?: string;
     os?: "linux" | "windows" | "macos";
     maxResults?: number;
     /** Session ID for remote path completion */
@@ -397,7 +398,10 @@ export async function getCompletions(
   // a snippet's label collides with an existing history entry's text, the
   // score-sort + final dedup below keeps the snippet (the higher-scored one).
   if (options.snippets && options.snippets.length > 0 && ctx.wordIndex === 0) {
-    for (const snippetSuggestion of getSnippetSuggestions(input, options.snippets, { hostId })) {
+    for (const snippetSuggestion of getSnippetSuggestions(input, options.snippets, {
+      hostId,
+      hostGroup: options.hostGroup,
+    })) {
       suggestions.push(snippetSuggestion);
     }
   }

components/terminal/autocomplete/snippetCompleter.ts

@@ -7,31 +7,37 @@
  * Snippet so the accept path can run it through the canonical executeSnippetCommand.
  */
 import type { Snippet } from "../../../domain/models";
+import { snippetAppliesToHost } from "../../../domain/snippetTargets";
 import { matchesSearchQuery } from "../../../lib/searchMatcher";
 import type { CompletionSuggestion } from "./completionEngine";
 
 const SNIPPET_BASE_SCORE = 2000; // Above history (1000+freq) per "snippet > history".
 const SNIPPET_PREFIX_BONUS = 100;
 
-function snippetAvailableForAutocomplete(snippet: Snippet, hostId?: string): boolean {
+function snippetAvailableForAutocomplete(
+  snippet: Snippet,
+  host: { hostId?: string; hostGroup?: string },
+): boolean {
   if (snippet.targetsAllHosts) return true;
-  if (snippet.targets && snippet.targets.length > 0) {
-    return hostId !== undefined && snippet.targets.includes(hostId);
-  }
-  return true;
+  const hasScopedTargets = Boolean(
+    snippet.targets?.length || snippet.targetGroups !== undefined,
+  );
+  if (!hasScopedTargets) return true;
+  if (!host.hostId) return false;
+  return snippetAppliesToHost(snippet, { id: host.hostId, group: host.hostGroup });
 }
 
 export function getSnippetSuggestions(
   input: string,
   snippets: Snippet[],
-  options: { hostId?: string } = {},
+  options: { hostId?: string; hostGroup?: string } = {},
 ): CompletionSuggestion[] {
   const needle = input.trim().toLowerCase();
   if (!needle || !Array.isArray(snippets)) return [];
 
   const out: CompletionSuggestion[] = [];
   for (const snippet of snippets) {
-    if (!snippetAvailableForAutocomplete(snippet, options.hostId)) continue;
+    if (!snippetAvailableForAutocomplete(snippet, options)) continue;
     const label = (snippet.label || "").toLowerCase();
     const firstLine = (snippet.command || "").split("\n")[0].trim().toLowerCase();
 

components/terminal/autocomplete/terminalCompletionProviders.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import type { AutocompleteHistoryScope, Snippet } from '../../../domain/models';
 export interface TerminalCompletionProviderRequest {
   input: string;
   session: NetcattyTerminalSessionSnapshot;
+  hostGroup?: string;
   hostOs: 'linux' | 'windows' | 'macos';
   cwdSource?: AutocompleteCwdSource;
   snippets?: Snippet[];
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ export async function provideTerminalCompletions(
 ): Promise<CompletionSuggestion[]> {
   const builtInPromise = getCompletions(request.input, {
     hostId: request.session.hostId,
+    hostGroup: request.hostGroup,
     os: request.hostOs,
     maxResults: request.maximum,
     sessionId: request.session.sessionId,

components/terminal/autocomplete/useTerminalAutocomplete.ts

@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ interface UseTerminalAutocompleteOptions {
   containerRef: RefObject<HTMLElement | null>;
   sessionId: string;
   hostId: string;
+  hostGroup?: string;
   hostOs: "linux" | "windows" | "macos";
   settings?: Partial<AutocompleteSettings>;
   /** Callback to write text to the terminal session — replaces CustomEvent */
@@ -200,6 +201,7 @@ export function useTerminalAutocomplete(
     containerRef,
     sessionId,
     hostId,
+    hostGroup,
     hostOs,
     settings: userSettings,
     onAcceptText,
@@ -237,6 +239,8 @@ export function useTerminalAutocomplete(
   onAcceptSnippetRef.current = onAcceptSnippet;
   const hostIdRef = useRef(hostId);
   hostIdRef.current = hostId;
+  const hostGroupRef = useRef(hostGroup);
+  hostGroupRef.current = hostGroup;
   const hostOsRef = useRef(hostOs);
   hostOsRef.current = hostOs;
   const sessionIdRef = useRef(sessionId);
@@ -1048,6 +1052,7 @@ export function useTerminalAutocomplete(
     try {
       completions = await provideCompletionsRef.current(input, {
         hostId: hostIdRef.current,
+        hostGroup: hostGroupRef.current,
         os: hostOsRef.current,
         maxResults: settingsRef.current.maxSuggestions,
         historyScope: settingsRef.current.historyScope,

components/terminal/completionEngineSnippets.test.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,27 @@ test("getCompletions does not surface snippets past the command position", async
   assert.equal(out.find((s) => s.source === "snippet"), undefined);
 });
 
+test("getCompletions applies dynamic group targets to the current host", async () => {
+  const groupedSnippet: Snippet = {
+    ...deploySnippet,
+    targetGroups: ["Production"],
+  };
+
+  const matching = await getCompletions("dep", {
+    hostId: "host-prod",
+    hostGroup: "Production/Web",
+    snippets: [groupedSnippet],
+  });
+  const outside = await getCompletions("dep", {
+    hostId: "host-dev",
+    hostGroup: "Development",
+    snippets: [groupedSnippet],
+  });
+
+  assert.ok(matching.some((suggestion) => suggestion.source === "snippet"));
+  assert.equal(outside.some((suggestion) => suggestion.source === "snippet"), false);
+});
+
 test("getCompletions returns more than 8 snippet matches when default maxSuggestions allows it", async () => {
   const snippets: Snippet[] = Array.from({ length: 20 }, (_, i) => ({
     id: `s${i}`,

components/terminal/connectionProgress.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import test from "node:test";
+
+import {
+  CONNECTION_PROGRESS_CAP,
+  CONNECTION_PROGRESS_START,
+  advanceIndeterminateConnectionProgress,
+  advanceMonotonicConnectionProgress,
+  resolveHopConnectionProgress,
+} from "./connectionProgress";
+
+test("indeterminate connection progress only moves forward toward the cap", () => {
+  assert.equal(advanceIndeterminateConnectionProgress(CONNECTION_PROGRESS_CAP), CONNECTION_PROGRESS_CAP);
+  assert.equal(advanceIndeterminateConnectionProgress(94), CONNECTION_PROGRESS_CAP);
+  const first = advanceIndeterminateConnectionProgress(CONNECTION_PROGRESS_START);
+  assert.ok(first > CONNECTION_PROGRESS_START);
+  assert.ok(first < CONNECTION_PROGRESS_CAP);
+  const second = advanceIndeterminateConnectionProgress(first);
+  assert.ok(second > first);
+});
+
+test("hop connection progress stays within the visual cap", () => {
+  assert.equal(resolveHopConnectionProgress(1, 1), 90);
+  assert.equal(resolveHopConnectionProgress(1, 2), 50);
+  assert.equal(resolveHopConnectionProgress(2, 2), 90);
+  assert.equal(resolveHopConnectionProgress(0, 1), 10);
+});
+
+test("connection progress updates never rewind", () => {
+  assert.equal(advanceMonotonicConnectionProgress(40, 10), 40);
+  assert.equal(advanceMonotonicConnectionProgress(40, 90), 90);
+  assert.equal(advanceMonotonicConnectionProgress(5, 5), 5);
+});
+
+test("connecting seeds progress once and hop/phase changes do not snap it back", () => {
+  const effectsSource = readFileSync(new URL("./useTerminalEffects.ts", import.meta.url), "utf8");
+  assert.match(
+    effectsSource,
+    /if \(status === "connecting"\) \{\s*setIsDisconnectedDialogDismissed\(false\);\s*setProgressValue\(CONNECTION_PROGRESS_START\);/,
+  );
+  assert.match(effectsSource, /setProgressValue\(advanceIndeterminateConnectionProgress\)/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(effectsSource, /setProgressValue\(5\)/);
+
+  const starterSource = readFileSync(
+    new URL("./runtime/createTerminalSessionStarters.ts", import.meta.url),
+    "utf8",
+  );
+  assert.match(starterSource, /advanceMonotonicConnectionProgress/);
+  assert.match(starterSource, /resolveHopConnectionProgress/);
+});

components/terminal/connectionProgress.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+export const CONNECTION_PROGRESS_START = 5;
+export const CONNECTION_PROGRESS_CAP = 95;
+
+export const advanceIndeterminateConnectionProgress = (prev: number): number => {
+  if (prev >= CONNECTION_PROGRESS_CAP) return prev;
+  const remaining = CONNECTION_PROGRESS_CAP - prev;
+  const increment = Math.max(1, remaining * 0.15);
+  return Math.min(CONNECTION_PROGRESS_CAP, prev + increment);
+};
+
+export const resolveHopConnectionProgress = (hop: number, total: number): number => {
+  const safeTotal = Math.max(1, total);
+  const safeHop = Math.max(0, hop);
+  return Math.min(CONNECTION_PROGRESS_CAP, (safeHop / safeTotal) * 80 + 10);
+};
+
+export const advanceMonotonicConnectionProgress = (prev: number, next: number): number =>
+  Math.max(prev, next);