fix(browser): stop idle native pane layout polling

* fix(ai): preserve Catty prompt cache and provider usage

* fix(ai): gate explicit caching on the official Anthropic endpoint

* fix(ai): resolve provider defaults before enabling prompt caching

application/i18n/locales/en/monitor.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export const enMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.stopAll": "Stop all",
   "monitor.list": "List",
   "monitor.charts": "Charts",
-  "monitor.search": "Search name, address or group",
+  "monitor.search": "Search hosts, groups, tags or notes",
   "monitor.interval": "Update interval",
   "monitor.range": "Trend range",
   "monitor.seconds": "Every {count}s",
@@ -34,6 +34,13 @@ export const enMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.sort.name": "Name",
   "monitor.selectedCount": "Selected hosts: {count}",
   "monitor.noMatches": "No matching hosts",
+  "monitor.latency": "Latency",
+  "monitor.responseLatency": "Response latency (includes remote processing)",
+  "monitor.tags": "Tags",
+  "monitor.notes": "Notes",
+  "monitor.visibleColumns": "Visible columns",
+  "monitor.terminal": "Terminal",
+  "monitor.resizeColumn": "Resize {column} column",
   "monitor.host": "Host",
   "monitor.hosts": "Hosts",
   "monitor.status": "Status",
@@ -53,8 +60,6 @@ export const enMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.memoryTrend": "Memory trend",
   "monitor.downloadTrend": "Download trend",
   "monitor.uploadTrend": "Upload trend",
-  "monitor.memoryOnlyHint":
-    "Readings stay in memory for up to 30 minutes and disappear when the app closes. Gaps mean no reading. Shared connections use the fastest active update interval.",
   "monitor.name": "Panel name",
   "monitor.description": "Description (optional)",
   "monitor.chooseHosts": "Choose hosts",

application/i18n/locales/es/monitor.ts

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export const esMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.stopAll": "Detener todo",
   "monitor.list": "Lista",
   "monitor.charts": "Gráficos",
-  "monitor.search": "Buscar nombre, dirección o grupo",
+  "monitor.search": "Buscar hosts, grupos, etiquetas o notas",
   "monitor.interval": "Intervalo de actualización",
   "monitor.range": "Rango de tendencias",
   "monitor.seconds": "Cada {count} s",
@@ -34,6 +34,13 @@ export const esMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.sort.name": "Nombre",
   "monitor.selectedCount": "Equipos seleccionados: {count}",
   "monitor.noMatches": "No hay equipos coincidentes",
+  "monitor.latency": "Latencia",
+  "monitor.responseLatency": "Latencia de respuesta (incluye procesamiento remoto)",
+  "monitor.tags": "Etiquetas",
+  "monitor.notes": "Notas",
+  "monitor.visibleColumns": "Columnas visibles",
+  "monitor.terminal": "Terminal",
+  "monitor.resizeColumn": "Ajustar la columna {column}",
   "monitor.host": "Equipo",
   "monitor.hosts": "Equipos",
   "monitor.status": "Estado",
@@ -53,8 +60,6 @@ export const esMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.memoryTrend": "Tendencia de memoria",
   "monitor.downloadTrend": "Tendencia de descarga",
   "monitor.uploadTrend": "Tendencia de subida",
-  "monitor.memoryOnlyHint":
-    "Las lecturas se conservan en memoria hasta 30 minutos y desaparecen al cerrar. Los huecos indican datos ausentes. Las conexiones compartidas usan el intervalo activo más rápido.",
   "monitor.name": "Nombre del panel",
   "monitor.description": "Descripción (opcional)",
   "monitor.chooseHosts": "Elegir equipos",

application/i18n/locales/ru/monitor.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export const ruMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.stopAll": "Остановить всё",
   "monitor.list": "Список",
   "monitor.charts": "Графики",
-  "monitor.search": "Имя, адрес или группа",
+  "monitor.search": "Поиск узлов, групп, тегов и заметок",
   "monitor.interval": "Интервал обновления",
   "monitor.range": "Период графика",
   "monitor.seconds": "Каждые {count} с",
@@ -33,6 +33,13 @@ export const ruMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.sort.name": "Имя",
   "monitor.selectedCount": "Выбрано серверов: {count}",
   "monitor.noMatches": "Нет подходящих серверов",
+  "monitor.latency": "Задержка",
+  "monitor.responseLatency": "Задержка ответа (включая обработку на сервере)",
+  "monitor.tags": "Теги",
+  "monitor.notes": "Заметки",
+  "monitor.visibleColumns": "Видимые столбцы",
+  "monitor.terminal": "Терминал",
+  "monitor.resizeColumn": "Изменить ширину столбца «{column}»",
   "monitor.host": "Сервер",
   "monitor.hosts": "Серверы",
   "monitor.status": "Состояние",
@@ -52,8 +59,6 @@ export const ruMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.memoryTrend": "График памяти",
   "monitor.downloadTrend": "График приёма",
   "monitor.uploadTrend": "График передачи",
-  "monitor.memoryOnlyHint":
-    "Измерения хранятся в памяти до 30 минут и удаляются при выходе. Пробелы означают отсутствие данных. Общие соединения используют наименьший активный интервал.",
   "monitor.name": "Название панели",
   "monitor.description": "Описание (необязательно)",
   "monitor.chooseHosts": "Выбрать серверы",

application/i18n/locales/zh-CN/monitor.ts

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export const zhCNMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.stopAll": "全部停止",
   "monitor.list": "列表",
   "monitor.charts": "图表",
-  "monitor.search": "搜索名称、地址或分组",
+  "monitor.search": "搜索主机、分组、标签或备注",
   "monitor.interval": "更新频率",
   "monitor.range": "趋势范围",
   "monitor.seconds": "每 {count} 秒",
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ export const zhCNMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.sort.name": "名称",
   "monitor.selectedCount": "已选 {count} 台主机",
   "monitor.noMatches": "没有符合条件的主机",
+  "monitor.latency": "延迟",
+  "monitor.responseLatency": "响应延迟（含远端处理）",
+  "monitor.tags": "标签",
+  "monitor.notes": "备注",
+  "monitor.visibleColumns": "显示的列",
+  "monitor.terminal": "终端",
+  "monitor.resizeColumn": "调整「{column}」列宽",
   "monitor.host": "主机",
   "monitor.hosts": "主机",
   "monitor.status": "状态",
@@ -51,8 +58,6 @@ export const zhCNMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.memoryTrend": "内存趋势",
   "monitor.downloadTrend": "下载趋势",
   "monitor.uploadTrend": "上传趋势",
-  "monitor.memoryOnlyHint":
-    "读数只保留在内存中，最多 30 分钟，退出后清空。空白表示没有读数。共享连接按当前最快的更新需求采集。",
   "monitor.name": "面板名称",
   "monitor.description": "说明（可选）",
   "monitor.chooseHosts": "选择主机",

application/i18n/locales/zh-TW/monitor.ts

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export const zhTWMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.stopAll": "全部停止",
   "monitor.list": "列表",
   "monitor.charts": "圖表",
-  "monitor.search": "搜尋名稱、位址或群組",
+  "monitor.search": "搜尋主機、群組、標籤或備註",
   "monitor.interval": "更新頻率",
   "monitor.range": "趨勢範圍",
   "monitor.seconds": "每 {count} 秒",
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ export const zhTWMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.sort.name": "名稱",
   "monitor.selectedCount": "已選 {count} 台主機",
   "monitor.noMatches": "沒有符合條件的主機",
+  "monitor.latency": "延遲",
+  "monitor.responseLatency": "回應延遲（含遠端處理）",
+  "monitor.tags": "標籤",
+  "monitor.notes": "備註",
+  "monitor.visibleColumns": "顯示的欄位",
+  "monitor.terminal": "終端",
+  "monitor.resizeColumn": "調整「{column}」欄寬",
   "monitor.host": "主機",
   "monitor.hosts": "主機",
   "monitor.status": "狀態",
@@ -51,8 +58,6 @@ export const zhTWMonitorMessages = {
   "monitor.memoryTrend": "記憶體趨勢",
   "monitor.downloadTrend": "下載趨勢",
   "monitor.uploadTrend": "上傳趨勢",
-  "monitor.memoryOnlyHint":
-    "讀數只保留在記憶體中，最多 30 分鐘，結束後清空。空白表示沒有讀數。共用連線依目前最快的更新需求採集。",
   "monitor.name": "面板名稱",
   "monitor.description": "說明（選填）",
   "monitor.chooseHosts": "選擇主機",

application/state/monitorRuntimeStore.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import test from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import {
+  publishMonitorSnapshot,
+  getMonitorHistoryCursor,
+} from "./monitorRuntimeStore";
+import type { MonitorSnapshot } from "../../domain/monitorRuntime";
+
+test("renderer cursor acknowledges GPU publication separately from CPU sample and history", () => {
+  const snapshot: MonitorSnapshot = {
+    historyMode: "replace",
+    runtimeId: "gpu-cursor-test",
+    epoch: 1,
+    takenAt: 1000,
+    running: ["panel"],
+    count: 1,
+    hostCount: 1,
+    activeSessions: [],
+    startedAt: { panel: 0 },
+    hosts: {
+      host: {
+        historyId: "history",
+        status: "live",
+        at: 1000,
+        statsAt: 1001,
+        points: [
+          { at: 1000, cpu: 10, memory: 20, disk: null, rx: null, tx: null },
+        ],
+      },
+    },
+  };
+  publishMonitorSnapshot(snapshot);
+  assert.deepEqual(getMonitorHistoryCursor().after.host, {
+    at: 1000,
+    statsAt: 1001,
+    historyId: "history",
+  });
+  publishMonitorSnapshot({
+    ...snapshot,
+    historyMode: "append",
+    takenAt: 2000,
+    hosts: { host: { ...snapshot.hosts.host, statsAt: 2001, points: [] } },
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(getMonitorHistoryCursor().after.host, {
+    at: 1000,
+    statsAt: 2001,
+    historyId: "history",
+  });
+});

application/state/monitorRuntimeStore.ts

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export function getMonitorHistoryCursor(): MonitorHistoryCursor {
   return {
     runtimeId: snapshot.runtimeId,
     epoch: snapshot.epoch,
-    after: Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(snapshot.hosts).map(([id, host]) => [id, { at: host.points.at(-1)?.at ?? 0, statsAt: host.at, historyId: host.historyId }])),
+    after: Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(snapshot.hosts).map(([id, host]) => [id, { at: host.points.at(-1)?.at ?? 0, statsAt: host.statsAt ?? host.at, historyId: host.historyId }])),
   };
 }
 export function publishMonitorUnavailable() {

application/state/useHostBrowserPanel.test.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,17 @@ async function fixture(t: test.TestContext) {
     value: (callback: FrameRequestCallback) => { frames.set(++frameId, callback); return frameId; } });
   Object.defineProperty(globalThis, 'cancelAnimationFrame', { configurable: true,
     value: (id: number) => frames.delete(id) });
+  const resizeObservers = new Map<ResizeObserver, Set<Element>>();
+  const resizeCallbacks = new Map<ResizeObserver, ResizeObserverCallback>();
+  class LayoutResizeObserver implements ResizeObserver {
+    constructor(callback: ResizeObserverCallback) { resizeCallbacks.set(this, callback); resizeObservers.set(this, new Set()); }
+    observe(target: Element) { resizeObservers.get(this)?.add(target); }
+    unobserve(target: Element) { resizeObservers.get(this)?.delete(target); }
+    disconnect() { resizeObservers.delete(this); resizeCallbacks.delete(this); }
+  }
+  Object.defineProperty(env.window, 'ResizeObserver', { configurable: true, value: LayoutResizeObserver });
+  const fonts = Object.assign(new env.window.EventTarget(), { status: 'loaded' });
+  Object.defineProperty(env.document, 'fonts', { configurable: true, value: fonts });
   const style = env.document.createElement('div').style;
   style.colorScheme = 'dark';
   globalThis.getComputedStyle = () => style;
@@ -40,8 +51,11 @@ async function fixture(t: test.TestContext) {
       isVisible: visible });
     return React.createElement('div', { ref: panel.elementRef });
   }
-  const element = { isConnected: true, closest: () => null,
-    getBoundingClientRect: () => new env.window.DOMRect(200, 100, 500, 600) };
+  const element = env.document.createElement('div');
+  env.document.body.append(element);
+  let bounds = new env.window.DOMRect(200, 100, 500, 600);
+  let reads = 0;
+  element.getBoundingClientRect = () => { reads += 1; return bounds; };
   let renderer: ReturnType<typeof create>;
   t.after(async () => {
     if (renderer) await act(async () => renderer.unmount());
@@ -62,11 +76,15 @@ async function fixture(t: test.TestContext) {
   };
   const tick = async () => {
     await act(async () => {
+      await Promise.resolve();
       const pending = [...frames.values()]; frames.clear();
       for (const callback of pending) callback(0);
     });
   };
-  return { layouts, overlay, tick, panel: () => panel,
+  return { layouts, overlay, tick, panel: () => panel, pendingFrames: () => frames.size,
+    env, element, style, fonts, reads: () => reads, setBounds: (next: DOMRect) => { bounds = next; },
+    observerCount: () => resizeObservers.size,
+    resize: () => { for (const [observer, callback] of resizeCallbacks) callback([], observer); },
     respond: (callback: typeof respond) => { respond = callback; },
     hide: async () => { await act(async () => renderer.update(React.createElement(Panel, { visible: false }))); } };
 }
@@ -128,3 +146,103 @@ test('hiding or locking the pane clears pictures without taking another capture'
   await f.hide();
   assert.deepEqual(f.panel().snapshot, []);
 });
+
+
+test('a stationary visible browser leaves no repeating layout work', async (t) => {
+  const f = await fixture(t);
+  for (let index = 0; index < 600; index += 1) await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.layouts.length, 1);
+  assert.equal(f.pendingFrames(), 0, 'idle browser must stop scheduling document/style/geometry scans');
+});
+
+
+test('layout, scroll, font, stylesheet and theme changes coalesce without resuming idle scans', async (t) => {
+  const f = await fixture(t);
+  const reads = f.reads();
+  f.setBounds(new f.env.window.DOMRect(100, 50, 400, 500));
+  for (let index = 0; index < 20; index += 1) {
+    f.resize();
+    f.env.window.dispatchEvent(new f.env.window.Event('resize'));
+    f.element.dispatchEvent(new f.env.window.Event('scroll', { bubbles: true }));
+  }
+  f.fonts.dispatchEvent(new f.env.window.Event('loadingdone'));
+  f.env.document.dispatchEvent(new f.env.window.Event('load'));
+  f.style.colorScheme = 'light';
+  f.env.document.documentElement.classList.add('light');
+  assert.equal(f.reads(), reads, 'bursts do not synchronously force repeated layout reads');
+  await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.reads(), reads + 1);
+  assert.deepEqual(f.layouts.at(-1)?.bounds, { x: 100, y: 50, width: 400, height: 500 });
+  assert.equal(f.layouts.at(-1)?.theme, 'light');
+  assert.equal(f.pendingFrames(), 0);
+  f.env.document.body.setAttribute('inert', ''); await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.layouts.at(-1)?.visible, false);
+  f.env.document.body.removeAttribute('inert'); await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.layouts.at(-1)?.visible, true);
+});
+
+test('resize observation follows a moving overlay and is released while hidden', async (t) => {
+  const f = await fixture(t);
+  const popper = f.overlay(tooltip, 10, 10); await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.layouts.at(-1)?.occluded, false);
+  popper.firstElementChild!.getBoundingClientRect = () => new f.env.window.DOMRect(220, 110, 150, 40);
+  f.resize(); await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.layouts.at(-1)?.occluded, true);
+  await f.hide();
+  assert.equal(f.observerCount(), 0);
+  const reads = f.reads();
+  f.overlay('<div role="dialog" aria-modal="true"></div>');
+  f.env.window.dispatchEvent(new f.env.window.Event('resize'));
+  f.fonts.dispatchEvent(new f.env.window.Event('loadingdone'));
+  await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.pendingFrames(), 0);
+  assert.equal(f.reads(), reads);
+});
+
+test('only pane/ancestor and overlay motion follows frames, then stops at settlement', async (t) => {
+  const f = await fixture(t);
+  const animation = { pending: false, playState: 'running' };
+  f.element.getAnimations = () => [animation as unknown as Animation];
+  f.element.dispatchEvent(new f.env.window.Event('transitionrun', { bubbles: true }));
+  const reads = f.reads();
+  for (let index = 0; index < 5; index += 1) {
+    f.setBounds(new f.env.window.DOMRect(200 + index * 10, 100, 500, 600));
+    await f.tick();
+  }
+  assert.equal(f.reads(), reads + 5);
+  assert.equal(f.layouts.at(-1)?.bounds?.x, 240);
+  animation.playState = 'finished'; await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.pendingFrames(), 0);
+
+  const spinner = f.env.document.createElement('div'); f.env.document.body.append(spinner); await f.tick();
+  spinner.getAnimations = () => [animation as unknown as Animation];
+  const settledReads = f.reads();
+  spinner.dispatchEvent(new f.env.window.Event('animationstart', { bubbles: true }));
+  await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.reads(), settledReads, 'unrelated cursor/spinner animation does not wake the browser');
+});
+
+test('removing an animating overlay cannot leave an endless layout loop', async (t) => {
+  const f = await fixture(t);
+  const popper = f.overlay(tooltip);
+  popper.firstElementChild!.getAnimations = () => [{ pending: false, playState: 'running' } as Animation];
+  await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.pendingFrames(), 1);
+  popper.remove(); await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(f.pendingFrames(), 0);
+  assert.equal(f.layouts.at(-1)?.occluded, false);
+});
+
+test('an old capture stays obsolete when an identical overlay is opened again', async (t) => {
+  const f = await fixture(t);
+  const captures: ((result: Result) => void)[] = [];
+  f.respond((layout) => layout.occluded ? new Promise((resolve) => { captures.push(resolve); }) : Promise.resolve(true));
+  const first = f.overlay(tooltip); await f.tick();
+  first.remove(); await f.tick();
+  f.overlay(tooltip); await f.tick();
+  assert.equal(captures.length, 2);
+  await act(async () => captures[0]({ layers }));
+  assert.deepEqual(f.panel().snapshot, [], 'the first A capture must not become valid after A -> B -> A');
+  await act(async () => captures[1]({ layers }));
+  assert.deepEqual(f.panel().snapshot, layers);
+});

application/state/useHostBrowserPanel.ts

@@ -38,9 +38,33 @@ export function useHostBrowserPanel(options: BrowserPanelOptions) {
 
   useLayoutEffect(() => {
     const bridge = netcattyBridge.get();
-    let frame = 0;
+    let frame: number | null = null;
     let previous = '';
     let disposed = false;
+    let layoutRevision = 0;
+    const element = elementRef.current;
+    const doc = element?.ownerDocument;
+    const view = doc?.defaultView;
+    const observed = new Set<Element>();
+    const animations = new Map<Animation, Element>();
+    const schedule = () => {
+      if (disposed || frame !== null) return;
+      frame = requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+        frame = null;
+        for (const [animation, target] of animations) {
+          if (!target.isConnected || (!animation.pending && animation.playState !== 'running')) animations.delete(animation);
+        }
+        update();
+        if (animations.size > 0) schedule();
+      });
+    };
+    const trackAnimations = (target: Element) => {
+      for (const animation of target.getAnimations?.() ?? []) {
+        if (!animation.pending && animation.playState !== 'running') continue;
+        animations.set(animation, target);
+      }
+    };
+    const resizeObserver = isVisible && view?.ResizeObserver ? new view.ResizeObserver(schedule) : null;
     const update = () => {
       const element = elementRef.current;
       const rect = element?.getBoundingClientRect();
@@ -48,9 +72,21 @@ export function useHostBrowserPanel(options: BrowserPanelOptions) {
       // to yield; dialogs are modal even when their content is beside the pane.
       const locked = !!document.querySelector('[data-app-lock-overlay]');
       const modal = !!document.querySelector('[role="dialog"][aria-modal="true"], [role="alertdialog"]');
-      const covered = modal || (!!rect && Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(
-        '[role="dialog"], [role="menu"][data-state="open"], [data-radix-popper-content-wrapper] > *',
-      )).some((overlay) => overlapsBrowser(rect, overlay)));
+      const overlays = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(
+        '[role="dialog"], [role="alertdialog"], [role="menu"][data-state="open"], [data-radix-popper-content-wrapper] > *',
+      ));
+      const covered = modal || (!!rect && overlays.some((overlay) => overlapsBrowser(rect, overlay)));
+      const targets = new Set<Element>(overlays);
+      for (let target: Element | null = element; target; target = target.parentElement) targets.add(target);
+      for (const target of observed) {
+        if (!targets.has(target)) { resizeObserver?.unobserve(target); observed.delete(target); }
+      }
+      for (const target of targets) {
+        if (observed.has(target)) continue;
+        observed.add(target);
+        resizeObserver?.observe(target);
+        trackAnimations(target);
+      }
       const visible = isVisible && !!element?.isConnected && !!rect
         && rect.width > 0 && rect.height > 0 && !element?.closest('[inert]') && !locked;
       if (!visible) setSnapshot(null);
@@ -63,17 +99,59 @@ export function useHostBrowserPanel(options: BrowserPanelOptions) {
       const next = JSON.stringify(layout);
       if (next !== previous) {
         previous = next;
+        const revision = ++layoutRevision;
         void bridge?.setHostBrowserPanelLayout?.(layout).then((result) => {
-          if (disposed || previous !== next) return;
+          if (disposed || layoutRevision !== revision) return;
           setSnapshot(visible && covered && typeof result === 'object' ? { browserId, layers: result.layers } : null);
         }).catch(() => {});
       }
-      if (isVisible) frame = requestAnimationFrame(update);
     };
+    if (!isVisible) {
+      setSnapshot(null);
+      void bridge?.setHostBrowserPanelLayout?.({ browserId, visible: false }).catch(() => {});
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Layout, theme and portal changes coalesce into a single frame. Keep
+    // following only running animations on the pane's ancestors or overlay
+    // containers; unrelated spinner/cursor animations must not restart polling.
+    const mutationObserver = view?.MutationObserver ? new view.MutationObserver(schedule) : null;
+    if (doc) mutationObserver?.observe(doc.documentElement, {
+      subtree: true, childList: true, attributes: true,
+      attributeFilter: ['style', 'class', 'hidden', 'inert', 'role', 'aria-modal', 'data-state',
+        'data-app-lock-overlay', 'data-radix-popper-content-wrapper', 'href', 'media', 'disabled'],
+    });
+    const onMotion = (event: Event) => {
+      const target = event.target;
+      if (!element || !view || !(target instanceof view.Element)) return;
+      if (!target.contains(element) && !target.matches(
+        '[role="dialog"], [role="alertdialog"], [role="menu"], [data-app-lock-overlay], '
+        + '[data-radix-popper-content-wrapper], [data-radix-popper-content-wrapper] > *',
+      )) return;
+      trackAnimations(target);
+      schedule();
+    };
+    const motionEvents = ['transitionrun', 'transitionend', 'transitioncancel', 'animationstart', 'animationend', 'animationcancel'];
+    for (const event of motionEvents) doc?.addEventListener(event, onMotion, true);
+    doc?.addEventListener('scroll', schedule, true);
+    doc?.addEventListener('load', schedule, true);
+    view?.addEventListener('resize', schedule);
+    doc?.fonts?.addEventListener('loadingdone', schedule);
+    doc?.fonts?.addEventListener('loadingerror', schedule);
+    if (doc?.fonts?.status === 'loading') void doc.fonts.ready.then(schedule);
     update();
+    if (animations.size > 0) schedule();
     return () => {
       disposed = true;
-      cancelAnimationFrame(frame);
+      if (frame !== null) cancelAnimationFrame(frame);
+      resizeObserver?.disconnect();
+      mutationObserver?.disconnect();
+      for (const event of motionEvents) doc?.removeEventListener(event, onMotion, true);
+      doc?.removeEventListener('scroll', schedule, true);
+      doc?.removeEventListener('load', schedule, true);
+      view?.removeEventListener('resize', schedule);
+      doc?.fonts?.removeEventListener('loadingdone', schedule);
+      doc?.fonts?.removeEventListener('loadingerror', schedule);
       void bridge?.setHostBrowserPanelLayout?.({ browserId, visible: false }).catch(() => {});
     };
   }, [browserId, isVisible]);

application/state/useMonitorTableColumns.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState, type PointerEvent } from "react";
+import {
+  clampMonitorColumnWidth,
+  normalizeMonitorColumnWidths,
+  normalizeMonitorHiddenColumns,
+  type MonitorColumn,
+} from "../../domain/monitorTableLayout";
+import { localStorageAdapter } from "../../infrastructure/persistence/localStorageAdapter";
+import {
+  STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_TABLE_COLUMNS,
+  STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_HIDDEN_COLUMNS,
+} from "../../infrastructure/config/storageKeys";
+
+export function useMonitorTableColumns() {
+  const [widths, setWidths] = useState(() =>
+    normalizeMonitorColumnWidths(
+      localStorageAdapter.read(STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_TABLE_COLUMNS),
+    ),
+  );
+  const [hidden, setHidden] = useState(() =>
+    normalizeMonitorHiddenColumns(
+      localStorageAdapter.read(STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_HIDDEN_COLUMNS),
+    ),
+  );
+  const currentHidden = useRef(hidden);
+  const setVisible = (key: MonitorColumn, visible: boolean) => {
+    const previous = currentHidden.current;
+    const next = normalizeMonitorHiddenColumns(
+      visible ? previous.filter((item) => item !== key) : [...previous, key],
+    );
+    currentHidden.current = next;
+    setHidden(next);
+    localStorageAdapter.write(STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_HIDDEN_COLUMNS, next);
+  };
+  const current = useRef(widths);
+  const cleanup = useRef<(() => void) | null>(null);
+  useEffect(() => () => cleanup.current?.(), []);
+  const resize = (key: MonitorColumn, width: number, persist = true) => {
+    current.current = {
+      ...current.current,
+      [key]: clampMonitorColumnWidth(key, width),
+    };
+    setWidths(current.current);
+    if (persist)
+      localStorageAdapter.write(
+        STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_TABLE_COLUMNS,
+        current.current,
+      );
+  };
+  const startResize = (
+    key: MonitorColumn,
+    event: PointerEvent<HTMLElement>,
+  ) => {
+    if (event.button !== 0) return;
+    event.preventDefault();
+    event.stopPropagation();
+    cleanup.current?.();
+    const pointerId = event.pointerId;
+    const handle = event.currentTarget;
+    handle.setPointerCapture(pointerId);
+    const start = event.clientX;
+    const width = current.current[key];
+    const cursor = document.body.style.cursor;
+    const userSelect = document.body.style.userSelect;
+    document.body.style.cursor = "col-resize";
+    document.body.style.userSelect = "none";
+    const move = (next: globalThis.PointerEvent) => {
+      if (next.pointerId === pointerId)
+        resize(key, width + next.clientX - start, false);
+    };
+    const finish = (next: globalThis.PointerEvent) => {
+      if (next.pointerId !== pointerId) return;
+      localStorageAdapter.write(
+        STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_TABLE_COLUMNS,
+        current.current,
+      );
+      cleanup.current?.();
+    };
+    const blur = () => {
+      localStorageAdapter.write(
+        STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_TABLE_COLUMNS,
+        current.current,
+      );
+      cleanup.current?.();
+    };
+    cleanup.current = () => {
+      window.removeEventListener("pointermove", move);
+      window.removeEventListener("pointerup", finish);
+      window.removeEventListener("pointercancel", finish);
+      window.removeEventListener("blur", blur);
+      if (handle.hasPointerCapture(pointerId))
+        handle.releasePointerCapture(pointerId);
+      document.body.style.cursor = cursor;
+      document.body.style.userSelect = userSelect;
+      cleanup.current = null;
+    };
+    window.addEventListener("pointermove", move);
+    window.addEventListener("pointerup", finish);
+    window.addEventListener("pointercancel", finish);
+    window.addEventListener("blur", blur);
+  };
+  return { widths, resize, startResize, hidden, setVisible };
+}

components/ui/aside-panel.tsx

@@ -145,10 +145,16 @@ export const AsidePanelHeader: React.FC<AsidePanelHeaderProps> = ({
 };
 
 // Content Component (wraps children with scroll)
-export const AsidePanelContent: React.FC<{ children: ReactNode; className?: string }> = ({
+export const AsidePanelContent: React.FC<{ children: ReactNode; className?: string; scrollMode?: "custom" | "native" }> = ({
     children,
     className,
+    scrollMode = "custom",
 }) => {
+    if (scrollMode === "native") return (
+        <div data-aside-scroll-viewport className={cn("flex-1 min-h-0 min-w-0 overflow-y-auto overscroll-y-contain host-tree-notes-scroll", className)}>
+            <div className="p-4 space-y-4 min-w-0 overflow-hidden">{children}</div>
+        </div>
+    );
     return (
         <ScrollArea className={cn("flex-1 min-w-0 [&>[data-radix-scroll-area-viewport]>div]:!block [&>[data-radix-scroll-area-viewport]>div]:!min-w-0", className)}>
             <div className="p-4 space-y-4 min-w-0 overflow-hidden">

components/vault/MonitorHostCollection.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+import React, { useCallback, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { defaultRangeExtractor, useVirtualizer } from "@tanstack/react-virtual";
+import {
+  MONITOR_CARD_HEIGHT,
+  MONITOR_COLUMNS,
+  monitorGridColumns,
+  type MonitorColumn,
+} from "../../domain/monitorTableLayout";
+import { useMonitorTableColumns } from "../../application/state/useMonitorTableColumns";
+import { useI18n } from "../../application/i18n/I18nProvider";
+
+import {
+  ContextMenu,
+  ContextMenuTrigger,
+  ContextMenuContent,
+  ContextMenuCheckboxItem,
+  ContextMenuLabel,
+} from "../ui/context-menu";
+
+export function MonitorHostCollection<T extends { id: string }>({
+  items,
+  view,
+  layoutKey,
+  pinnedId,
+  renderCard,
+  renderCells,
+  rowProps,
+  renderMenu,
+}: {
+  items: T[];
+  view: "list" | "charts";
+  layoutKey: string;
+  pinnedId?: string;
+  renderCard: (item: T) => React.ReactNode;
+  renderCells: (item: T) => Record<MonitorColumn, React.ReactNode>;
+  rowProps: (item: T) => React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLTableRowElement>;
+  renderMenu: (item: T) => React.ReactNode;
+}) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const scrollRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const [width, setWidth] = useState(1248);
+  const { widths, resize, startResize, hidden, setVisible } =
+    useMonitorTableColumns();
+  const visibleColumns = MONITOR_COLUMNS.filter(
+    ({ key }) => !hidden.includes(key),
+  );
+  const columns =
+    view === "charts" ? monitorGridColumns(width, items.length) : 1;
+  const scrollMargin = view === "charts" ? 16 : 56;
+  const pinnedIndex = pinnedId
+    ? items.findIndex((item) => item.id === pinnedId)
+    : -1;
+  const getItemKey = useCallback(
+    (index: number) => items[index * columns]?.id ?? index,
+    [items, columns],
+  );
+  const virtualizer = useVirtualizer<HTMLDivElement, HTMLElement>({
+    count: Math.ceil(items.length / columns),
+    getScrollElement: () => scrollRef.current,
+    estimateSize: () => (view === "charts" ? MONITOR_CARD_HEIGHT : 76),
+    gap: view === "charts" ? 16 : 8,
+    overscan: view === "charts" ? 2 : 5,
+    getItemKey,
+    scrollMargin,
+    initialRect: { width: 1280, height: 800 },
+    rangeExtractor: useCallback(
+      (range) => {
+        const visible = defaultRangeExtractor(range);
+        const pinned = Math.floor(pinnedIndex / columns);
+        return pinnedIndex < 0 || visible.includes(pinned)
+          ? visible
+          : [...visible, pinned].sort((a, b) => a - b);
+      },
+      [pinnedIndex, columns],
+    ),
+  });
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    const element = scrollRef.current;
+    if (!element) return;
+    const measure = () => setWidth(Math.max(0, element.clientWidth));
+    measure();
+    const observer = new ResizeObserver(measure);
+    observer.observe(element);
+    return () => observer.disconnect();
+  }, []);
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    virtualizer.measure();
+  }, [columns, view, hidden, virtualizer]);
+  useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    if (scrollRef.current) scrollRef.current.scrollTop = 0;
+    virtualizer.scrollToOffset(0);
+  }, [layoutKey, virtualizer]);
+  const template = visibleColumns
+    .map((column) => `${widths[column.key]}px`)
+    .join(" ");
+  const tableWidth = visibleColumns.reduce(
+    (sum, column) => sum + widths[column.key],
+    0,
+  );
+  return (
+    <div className="min-h-0 min-w-0 flex-1 px-4">
+      <div
+        ref={scrollRef}
+        className="h-full min-w-0 overflow-auto"
+        data-section="vault-monitor-list"
+        data-monitor-virtual={view}
+      >
+        <div className="py-4">
+          {view === "charts" ? (
+            <div
+              className="relative"
+              style={{ height: virtualizer.getTotalSize() }}
+            >
+              {virtualizer.getVirtualItems().map((row) => (
+                <div
+                  key={row.key}
+                  data-monitor-virtual-row={row.index}
+                  className="absolute left-0 top-0 grid w-full gap-4"
+                  style={{
+                    height: MONITOR_CARD_HEIGHT,
+                    gridTemplateColumns: `repeat(${columns},minmax(0,1fr))`,
+                    transform: `translateY(${row.start - scrollMargin}px)`,
+                  }}
+                >
+                  {items
+                    .slice(row.index * columns, (row.index + 1) * columns)
+                    .map((item) => (
+                      <ContextMenu key={item.id}>
+                        <ContextMenuTrigger asChild>
+                          {renderCard(item)}
+                        </ContextMenuTrigger>
+                        <ContextMenuContent>
+                          {renderMenu(item)}
+                        </ContextMenuContent>
+                      </ContextMenu>
+                    ))}
+                </div>
+              ))}
+            </div>
+          ) : (
+            <table
+              className="block text-xs"
+              style={{ width: tableWidth }}
+              aria-rowcount={items.length + 1}
+            >
+              <ContextMenu>
+                <ContextMenuTrigger asChild>
+                  <thead className="sticky top-0 z-20 block bg-background text-muted-foreground">
+                    <tr
+                      className="grid h-10"
+                      style={{ gridTemplateColumns: template }}
+                    >
+                      {visibleColumns.map((column) => (
+                        <th
+                          key={column.key}
+                          data-monitor-column={column.key}
+                          className={`relative flex min-w-0 items-center px-3 text-left text-[11px] font-medium${column.key === "terminal" ? " sticky right-0 z-10 bg-background" : ""}`}
+                        >
+                          <span
+                            className="truncate"
+                            title={t(`monitor.${column.key}`)}
+                          >
+                            {column.key === "terminal" ? (
+                              <span className="sr-only">
+                                {t("monitor.openTerminal")}
+                              </span>
+                            ) : (
+                              t(`monitor.${column.key}`)
+                            )}
+                          </span>
+                          <div
+                            role="separator"
+                            aria-orientation="vertical"
+                            aria-label={t("monitor.resizeColumn", {
+                              column: t(`monitor.${column.key}`),
+                            })}
+                            aria-valuenow={widths[column.key]}
+                            aria-valuemin={column.min}
+                            aria-valuemax={
+                              column.key === "terminal" ? 200 : 640
+                            }
+                            tabIndex={0}
+                            className="absolute inset-y-1 right-0 w-2 cursor-col-resize touch-none outline-none after:absolute after:inset-y-1 after:right-0.5 after:w-px hover:after:bg-primary focus-visible:after:bg-primary"
+                            onPointerDown={(event) =>
+                              startResize(column.key, event)
+                            }
+                            onDoubleClick={() =>
+                              resize(column.key, column.width)
+                            }
+                            onKeyDown={(event) => {
+                              if (
+                                event.key === "ArrowLeft" ||
+                                event.key === "ArrowRight"
+                              ) {
+                                event.preventDefault();
+                                resize(
+                                  column.key,
+                                  widths[column.key] +
+                                    (event.key === "ArrowRight" ? 1 : -1) *
+                                      (event.shiftKey ? 32 : 8),
+                                );
+                              }
+                            }}
+                          />
+                        </th>
+                      ))}
+                    </tr>
+                  </thead>
+                </ContextMenuTrigger>
+                <ContextMenuContent data-monitor-column-menu>
+                  <ContextMenuLabel>
+                    {t("monitor.visibleColumns")}
+                  </ContextMenuLabel>
+                  {MONITOR_COLUMNS.map(({ key }) => (
+                    <ContextMenuCheckboxItem
+                      key={key}
+                      data-monitor-toggle-column={key}
+                      checked={!hidden.includes(key)}
+                      disabled={key === "host" || key === "terminal"}
+                      onSelect={(event) => event.preventDefault()}
+                      onCheckedChange={(checked) =>
+                        setVisible(key, checked === true)
+                      }
+                    >
+                      {t(`monitor.${key}`)}
+                    </ContextMenuCheckboxItem>
+                  ))}
+                </ContextMenuContent>
+              </ContextMenu>
+              <tbody
+                className="relative block"
+                style={{ height: virtualizer.getTotalSize() }}
+              >
+                {virtualizer.getVirtualItems().map((row) => {
+                  const cells = renderCells(items[row.index]);
+                  return (
+                    <ContextMenu key={row.key}>
+                      <ContextMenuTrigger asChild>
+                        <tr
+                          {...rowProps(items[row.index])}
+                          ref={virtualizer.measureElement}
+                          data-index={row.index}
+                          aria-rowindex={row.index + 2}
+                          style={{
+                            display: "grid",
+                            gridTemplateColumns: template,
+                            minHeight: 72,
+                            position: "absolute",
+                            top: 0,
+                            left: 0,
+                            width: tableWidth,
+                            transform: `translateY(${row.start - scrollMargin}px)`,
+                          }}
+                        >
+                          {visibleColumns.map(({ key }) => (
+                            <React.Fragment key={key}>
+                              {cells[key]}
+                            </React.Fragment>
+                          ))}
+                        </tr>
+                      </ContextMenuTrigger>
+                      <ContextMenuContent>
+                        {renderMenu(items[row.index])}
+                      </ContextMenuContent>
+                    </ContextMenu>
+                  );
+                })}
+              </tbody>
+            </table>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

components/vault/MonitorHostMetadata.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import React from "react";
+import { useI18n } from "../../application/i18n/I18nProvider";
+import { Tooltip, TooltipContent, TooltipTrigger } from "../ui/tooltip";
+import { Badge } from "../ui/badge";
+
+export function MonitorHostLatency({
+  value,
+  responseValue,
+}: {
+  value?: number | null;
+  responseValue?: number | null;
+}) {
+  const { t } = useI18n();
+  const isValid = (n: number | null | undefined): n is number =>
+    typeof n === "number" && Number.isFinite(n) && n >= 0;
+  const usesResponse = !isValid(value) && isValid(responseValue);
+  const latency = usesResponse ? responseValue : value;
+  const known = isValid(latency);
+  const bars = !known ? 0 : latency <= 100 ? 4 : latency <= 300 ? 2 : 1;
+  const tone = !known
+    ? "text-muted-foreground"
+    : bars === 4
+      ? "text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400"
+      : bars === 2
+        ? "text-amber-500 dark:text-amber-400"
+        : "text-red-600 dark:text-red-400";
+  const label = `${t(usesResponse ? "monitor.responseLatency" : "monitor.latency")}: ${known ? `${Number(latency.toFixed(1))} ms` : "--"}`;
+  return (
+    <Tooltip>
+      <TooltipTrigger asChild>
+        <span
+          role="img"
+          aria-label={label}
+          className={`inline-flex h-5 shrink-0 items-center ${tone}`}
+          data-monitor-latency
+          data-monitor-signal-bars={bars}
+        >
+          <svg width="18" height="14" viewBox="0 0 18 14" aria-hidden="true">
+            {[4, 7, 10, 13].map((height, index) => (
+              <rect
+                key={height}
+                x={1 + index * 4}
+                y={14 - height}
+                width="3"
+                height={height}
+                rx="0.8"
+                fill="currentColor"
+                opacity={index < bars ? 1 : 0.18}
+              />
+            ))}
+          </svg>
+        </span>
+      </TooltipTrigger>
+      <TooltipContent className={tooltipClass}>{label}</TooltipContent>
+    </Tooltip>
+  );
+}
+
+const tooltipClass =
+  "max-w-sm whitespace-pre-wrap break-words bg-popover text-popover-foreground shadow-md ring-1 ring-border/40";
+export function MonitorHostTags({ tags = [] }: { tags?: string[] }) {
+  if (!tags.length)
+    return (
+      <span className="inline-flex h-5 items-center text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">
+        --
+      </span>
+    );
+  return (
+    <Tooltip>
+      <TooltipTrigger asChild>
+        <span
+          className="flex h-5 min-w-0 max-w-full items-center gap-1 overflow-hidden"
+          data-monitor-tags
+        >
+          <Badge
+            variant="secondary"
+            className="inline-block max-w-20 truncate border-0 px-1.5 py-0 text-[10px] font-normal leading-5"
+          >
+            {tags[0]}
+          </Badge>
+          {tags.length > 1 && (
+            <span className="shrink-0 text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">
+              +{tags.length - 1}
+            </span>
+          )}
+        </span>
+      </TooltipTrigger>
+      <TooltipContent className={tooltipClass}>
+        <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-1">
+          {tags.map((tag) => (
+            <Badge
+              key={tag}
+              variant="secondary"
+              className="max-w-full break-all text-[10px] font-normal"
+            >
+              {tag}
+            </Badge>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+      </TooltipContent>
+    </Tooltip>
+  );
+}
+export function MonitorHostNotes({
+  notes,
+  focusable = false,
+}: {
+  notes?: string;
+  focusable?: boolean;
+}) {
+  if (!notes?.trim())
+    return <span className="text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">--</span>;
+  return (
+    <Tooltip>
+      <TooltipTrigger asChild>
+        <span
+          data-monitor-notes
+          tabIndex={focusable ? 0 : undefined}
+          className="block min-w-0 truncate text-[10px] text-muted-foreground outline-none focus-visible:ring-1 focus-visible:ring-primary"
+        >
+          {notes}
+        </span>
+      </TooltipTrigger>
+      <TooltipContent className={`${tooltipClass} max-h-64 overflow-y-auto`}>
+        {notes}
+      </TooltipContent>
+    </Tooltip>
+  );
+}

components/vault/MonitorPanels.test.tsx

@@ -10,6 +10,26 @@ import type { Host } from "../../domain/models";
 import type { MonitorPoint } from "../../domain/monitorRuntime";
 import { MonitorPanels, MonitorTrend } from "./MonitorPanels";
 import { MonitorDiskUsage } from "./MonitorDiskUsage";
+import { MonitorHostLatency } from "./MonitorHostMetadata";
+import { TooltipProvider } from "../ui/tooltip";
+
+test("latency signals use the stats response when transport ping is unavailable and prefer valid ping readings", () => {
+  for (const [ping, response, bars, label] of [
+    [null, 145, "2", "Response latency (includes remote processing): 145 ms"],
+    [0, 500, "4", "Latency: 0 ms"],
+    [NaN, 450, "1", "Response latency (includes remote processing): 450 ms"],
+    [null, null, "0", "Latency: --"],
+  ] as const) {
+    const document = new JSDOM(renderToStaticMarkup(
+      <I18nProvider locale="en"><TooltipProvider>
+        <MonitorHostLatency value={ping} responseValue={response} />
+      </TooltipProvider></I18nProvider>,
+    )).window.document;
+    const signal = document.querySelector("[data-monitor-latency]")!;
+    assert.equal(signal.getAttribute("data-monitor-signal-bars"), bars);
+    assert.equal(signal.getAttribute("aria-label"), label);
+  }
+});
 
 const now = 1_800_000_000_000;
 const point = (ago: number, cpu: number | null): MonitorPoint => ({
@@ -161,7 +181,7 @@ for (const view of ["list", "charts"] as const) {
     assert.equal(document.querySelector("header .lucide-gauge"), null);
     assert.equal(document.querySelector(".lucide-activity"), null);
     if (view === "list") {
-      const network = document.querySelector("tbody tr")!.children[5];
+      const network = document.querySelector("[data-monitor-cell=network]")!;
       assert.deepEqual([...network.querySelectorAll(".sr-only")].map((e) => e.textContent), ["Download: ", "Upload: "]);
     }
   });

components/vault/MonitorPanels.tsx

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   Copy,
   Cpu,
   Gauge,
+  Gpu,
   HardDrive,
   LayoutGrid,
   List,
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ import type { Host } from "../../domain/models";
 import { buildMonitorTrendGeometry, findMonitorChartPoint } from "../../domain/monitorChart";
 import { cn } from "../../lib/utils";
 import { Button } from "../ui/button";
+import { ContextMenuItem } from "../ui/context-menu";
 import { Input } from "../ui/input";
 import { Label } from "../ui/label";
 import { Textarea } from "../ui/textarea";
@@ -70,6 +72,9 @@ import { ResourceBar } from "../systemManager/ResourceBar";
 import { MonitorDiskUsage } from "./MonitorDiskUsage";
 import { VaultHeaderSearch, VaultPageHeader, vaultHeaderIconButtonClass, vaultHeaderSecondaryButtonClass } from "./VaultPageHeader";
 import { toast } from "../ui/toast";
+import { TooltipProvider } from "../ui/tooltip";
+import { MonitorHostCollection } from "./MonitorHostCollection";
+import { MonitorHostLatency, MonitorHostNotes, MonitorHostTags } from "./MonitorHostMetadata";
 
 const emptyMonitorPoints: MonitorPoint[] = [];
 const percent = (n: number | null | undefined) =>
@@ -214,22 +219,15 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
   } | null>(null);
   const [selecting, setSelecting] = useState(false);
   const [detail, setDetail] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [recovery, setRecovery] = useState<{ hostId: string; username: string; password: string } | null>(null);
   const [deleting, setDeleting] = useState<MonitorPanel | null>(null);
   const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
-  const [login, setLogin] = useState({
-    hostId: "",
-    username: "",
-    password: "",
-  });
-  useEffect(
-    () => setLogin({ hostId: "", username: "", password: "" }),
-    [detail],
-  );
   const panel = panels.find((p) => p.id === selected) ?? panels[0];
   const running = !!panel && runtime.running.includes(panel.id);
   const startEdit = (base: MonitorPanel | null) => {
     setDetail(null);
+    setRecovery(null);
     setSelecting(false);
     setError(null);
     setEditor({
@@ -305,28 +303,39 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
       toast.error(t("monitor.saveFailed"));
     }
   };
+  const hostById = useMemo(
+    () => new Map(hosts.map((host) => [host.id, host])),
+    [hosts],
+  );
   const orderedHostIds = useMemo(() => {
     if (!panel) return [];
-    return panel.sort === "manual" ? panel.hostIds : [...panel.hostIds].sort((a, b) =>
-      (hosts.find((host) => host.id === a)?.label ?? a).localeCompare(hosts.find((host) => host.id === b)?.label ?? b),
-    );
-  }, [panel, hosts]);
+    return panel.sort === "manual"
+      ? panel.hostIds
+      : [...panel.hostIds].sort((a, b) =>
+          (hostById.get(a)?.label ?? a).localeCompare(
+            hostById.get(b)?.label ?? b,
+          ),
+        );
+  }, [panel, hostById]);
   const rows = useMemo(() => {
     if (!panel) return [];
     const q = search.trim().toLocaleLowerCase();
     const rows = orderedHostIds.map((id) => ({
       id,
-      host: hosts.find((h) => h.id === id),
+      host: hostById.get(id),
       state: monitorStateSince(runtime.hosts[id], runtime.startedAt[panel.id]),
     }));
     return rows.filter(
-      ({ host }) => !q ||
-        `${host?.label ?? ""} ${host?.hostname ?? ""} ${host?.group ?? ""}`
+      ({ host }) =>
+        !q ||
+        `${host?.label ?? ""} ${host?.hostname ?? ""} ${host?.group ?? ""} ${host?.tags.join(" ") ?? ""} ${host?.notes ?? ""}`
           .toLocaleLowerCase()
           .includes(q),
     );
-  }, [panel, orderedHostIds, hosts, runtime, search]);
-  const dragProps = (hostId: string): React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLElement> & { "data-monitor-host": string } => ({
+  }, [panel, orderedHostIds, hostById, runtime, search]);
+  const dragProps = (
+    hostId: string,
+  ): React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLElement> & { "data-monitor-host": string } => ({
     draggable: true,
     "data-monitor-host": hostId,
     onDragStart: (event) => {
@@ -336,7 +345,12 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
       setDragging({ panelId: panel.id, hostId });
     },
     onDragOver: (event) => {
-      if (!panel || dragging?.panelId !== panel.id || dragging.hostId === hostId) return;
+      if (
+        !panel ||
+        dragging?.panelId !== panel.id ||
+        dragging.hostId === hostId
+      )
+        return;
       event.preventDefault();
       event.dataTransfer.dropEffect = "move";
       setDropTarget(hostId);
@@ -344,10 +358,11 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
     onDrop: (event) => {
       if (!panel || dragging?.panelId !== panel.id) return;
       event.preventDefault();
-      if (dragging.hostId !== hostId) void patchPanel({
-        hostIds: reorderMonitorHosts(orderedHostIds, dragging.hostId, hostId),
-        sort: "manual",
-      });
+      if (dragging.hostId !== hostId)
+        void patchPanel({
+          hostIds: reorderMonitorHosts(orderedHostIds, dragging.hostId, hostId),
+          sort: "manual",
+        });
       setDragging(null);
       setDropTarget(null);
     },
@@ -362,18 +377,24 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
       : !running
         ? "stopped"
         : state?.status === "live" &&
-            Date.now() - state.at > Math.max(5000, (panel?.interval ?? DEFAULT_MONITOR_INTERVAL) * 2500)
+            Date.now() - state.at >
+              Math.max(
+                5000,
+                (panel?.interval ?? DEFAULT_MONITOR_INTERVAL) * 2500,
+              )
           ? "stale"
           : (state?.status ?? "queued");
   const stateBadge = (host: Host | undefined, state?: MonitorHostState) => (
     <span
       className={cn(
-        "inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 whitespace-nowrap text-[10px] shrink-0 font-medium",
+        "inline-flex min-w-0 max-w-full items-center gap-1.5 whitespace-nowrap text-[10px] shrink-0 font-medium",
         status(host, state) === "live"
           ? "text-emerald-700 dark:text-emerald-400"
           : ["error", "disconnected", "missing"].includes(status(host, state))
             ? "text-destructive"
-            : ["login", "stale", "unsupported", "limit"].includes(status(host, state))
+            : ["login", "stale", "unsupported", "limit"].includes(
+                  status(host, state),
+                )
               ? "text-amber-700 dark:text-amber-400"
               : "text-muted-foreground",
       )}
@@ -382,7 +403,9 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
         aria-hidden="true"
         className="h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full bg-current"
       />
-      {t(`monitor.status.${status(host, state)}`)}
+      <span className="truncate">
+        {t(`monitor.status.${status(host, state)}`)}
+      </span>
     </span>
   );
   const renderMetrics = (
@@ -445,6 +468,10 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
   };
   const hostDetail = hosts.find((h) => h.id === detail);
   const detailState = detail && panel ? monitorStateSince(runtime.hosts[detail], runtime.startedAt[panel.id]) : undefined;
+  const detailAvailable = status(hostDetail, detailState) === "live";
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (detail && !detailAvailable) setDetail(null);
+  }, [detail, detailAvailable]);
   return (
     <section
       className="relative flex min-h-0 min-w-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden"
@@ -647,35 +674,76 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
                   </SelectContent>
                 </Select>
               </div>
-              <div className="min-h-0 min-w-0 flex-1 overflow-auto" data-section="vault-monitor-list">
-                <div className="p-4">
-                  {!rows.length ? (
-                    <p className="p-8 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
-                      {t("monitor.noMatches")}
-                    </p>
-                  ) : panel.view === "charts" ? (
-                    <div className="grid auto-rows-fr grid-cols-[repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,280px),1fr))] gap-4">
-                      {rows.map(({ id, host, state }) => (
+              {!rows.length ? (
+                <div className="flex-1 overflow-auto p-12 text-center text-sm text-muted-foreground">
+                  {t("monitor.noMatches")}
+                </div>
+              ) : (
+                <TooltipProvider delayDuration={180}>
+                  <MonitorHostCollection
+                    items={rows}
+                    view={panel.view}
+                    layoutKey={`${panel.id}:${panel.view}:${search}`}
+                    pinnedId={
+                      dragging?.panelId === panel.id ? dragging.hostId : undefined
+                    }
+                    renderMenu={({ id, host, state }) => (
+                      <>
+                        <ContextMenuItem disabled={!host} onSelect={() => host && onConnect(host)}>
+                          {t("monitor.openTerminal")}
+                        </ContextMenuItem>
+                        {host && running && ["login", "error", "disconnected"].includes(status(host, state)) && (
+                          <ContextMenuItem data-monitor-retry={id} onSelect={() => setRecovery({hostId: id, username: host.username ?? "", password: ""})}>
+                            {t("monitor.retry")}
+                          </ContextMenuItem>
+                        )}
+                      </>
+                    )}
+                    rowProps={({ id, host, state }) => ({
+                      ...dragProps(id),
+                      className: cn(
+                        "group cursor-default [&>td]:bg-card/70 hover:[&>td]:bg-card [&>td:first-child]:rounded-l-xl [&>td]:min-w-0 [&>td]:px-3 [&>td]:py-3 [&>td]:flex [&>td]:items-center",
+                        dragging?.panelId === panel.id &&
+                          dragging.hostId === id &&
+                          "cursor-grabbing opacity-40",
+                        dropTarget === id && "[&>td]:bg-accent",
+                        status(host, state) !== "live" && "text-muted-foreground opacity-50",
+                      ),
+                    })}
+                    renderCard={({ id, host, state }) => (
+                      <article
+                        {...dragProps(id)}
+                        className={cn(
+                          "relative h-full min-w-0 overflow-hidden rounded-xl bg-card/70 shadow-sm shadow-black/[0.02] transition-colors hover:bg-card",
+                          dragging?.panelId === panel.id &&
+                            dragging.hostId === id &&
+                            "cursor-grabbing opacity-40",
+                          dropTarget === id && "bg-accent",
+                          status(host, state) !== "live" && "opacity-50",
+                        )}
+                      >
                         <button
-                          key={id}
-                          {...dragProps(id)}
-                          className={cn(
-                            "flex h-full min-w-0 cursor-default flex-col overflow-hidden rounded-xl bg-card/70 p-4 text-left shadow-sm shadow-black/[0.02] transition-colors hover:bg-card focus-visible:outline focus-visible:outline-primary",
-                            dragging?.panelId === panel.id && dragging.hostId === id && "cursor-grabbing opacity-40",
-                            dropTarget === id && "bg-accent",
-                            status(host, state) !== "live" &&
-                              "text-muted-foreground",
-                          )}
+                          type="button"
+                          className="flex h-full w-full min-w-0 cursor-default flex-col p-4 text-left outline-none focus-visible:ring-1 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-primary"
+                          aria-disabled={status(host, state) !== "live"}
                           onClick={() => {
+                            if (status(host, state) !== "live") return;
                             setEditor(null);
                             setDetail(id);
                           }}
                         >
-                          <div className="mb-5 flex items-center gap-3">
+                          <div className="mb-2 flex w-full min-w-0 items-center gap-3 pr-7">
                             {host ? (
-                              <DistroAvatar host={host} fallback={host.label} size="log" />
+                              <DistroAvatar
+                                host={host}
+                                fallback={host.label}
+                                size="log"
+                              />
                             ) : (
-                              <Server size={24} className="shrink-0 text-muted-foreground" />
+                              <Server
+                                size={24}
+                                className="shrink-0 text-muted-foreground"
+                              />
                             )}
                             <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
                               <h3 className="truncate text-sm font-semibold text-foreground">
@@ -685,20 +753,39 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
                                 {host?.hostname ?? id}
                               </p>
                             </div>
-                            {stateBadge(host, state)}
                           </div>
-                          <div className={cn(status(host, state) !== "live" && "opacity-60")}>
+                          <div className="mb-2 flex h-5 w-full min-w-0 items-center gap-2">
+                            <MonitorHostLatency value={state?.stats?.latencyMs} responseValue={state?.stats?.responseLatencyMs} />
+                            <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+                              <MonitorHostTags tags={host?.tags} />
+                            </div>
+                            <div className="min-w-0 max-w-[40%]">
+                              {stateBadge(host, state)}
+                            </div>
+                          </div>
+                          <div
+                            className={cn(
+                              "w-full min-w-0",
+                              status(host, state) !== "live" && "opacity-60",
+                            )}
+                          >
                             {renderMetrics(state)}
-                            <div className="mt-4">
+                            <div className="mt-3">
                               <div className="mb-2 flex items-center gap-1.5 text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
-                                <HardDrive size={13} className="text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400" />
+                                <HardDrive
+                                  size={13}
+                                  className="text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400"
+                                />
                                 <span>{t("monitor.disks")}</span>
                               </div>
                               <MonitorDiskUsage stats={state?.stats} limit={2} />
                             </div>
-                            <div className="mt-3 grid grid-cols-2 gap-2 text-[11px] tabular-nums">
+                            <div className="mt-2 grid grid-cols-2 gap-2 text-[11px] tabular-nums">
                               <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5 py-1">
-                                <ArrowDown size={13} className="shrink-0 text-sky-600 dark:text-sky-400" />
+                                <ArrowDown
+                                  size={13}
+                                  className="shrink-0 text-sky-600 dark:text-sky-400"
+                                />
                                 {rate(
                                   state?.stats?.networkReady
                                     ? state.stats.netRxSpeed
@@ -706,7 +793,10 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
                                 )}
                               </span>
                               <span className="flex items-center gap-1.5 py-1">
-                                <ArrowUp size={13} className="shrink-0 text-violet-600 dark:text-violet-400" />
+                                <ArrowUp
+                                  size={13}
+                                  className="shrink-0 text-violet-600 dark:text-violet-400"
+                                />
                                 {rate(
                                   state?.stats?.networkReady
                                     ? state.stats.netTxSpeed
@@ -715,127 +805,169 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
                               </span>
                             </div>
                           </div>
-                          <p className="mt-auto flex items-center gap-1.5 pt-4 text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">
-                            <Clock3 size={11} />
-                            {state?.at
-                              ? t("monitor.updatedAt", {
-                                  time: new Date(state.at).toLocaleTimeString(),
-                                })
-                              : t("monitor.noSamples")}
-                          </p>
+                          <div className="mt-auto flex w-full min-w-0 items-center gap-2 pt-2 text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">
+                            <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
+                              <MonitorHostNotes notes={host?.notes} />
+                            </div>
+                            <span className="inline-flex shrink-0 items-center gap-1">
+                              <Clock3 size={11} />
+                              {state?.at
+                                ? new Date(state.at).toLocaleTimeString()
+                                : t("monitor.noSamples")}
+                            </span>
+                          </div>
                         </button>
-                      ))}
-                    </div>
-                  ) : (
-                    <div className="overflow-x-auto">
-                      <table className="w-full min-w-[840px] border-separate border-spacing-x-0 border-spacing-y-2 text-xs">
-                        <thead className="text-muted-foreground">
-                          <tr>
-                            {[
-                              "host",
-                              "status",
-                              "cpu",
-                              "memory",
-                              "disks",
-                              "network",
-                              "updated",
-                            ].map((k) => (
-                              <th
-                                key={k}
-                                className="px-3 py-3 text-left font-medium"
-                              >
-                                {t(`monitor.${k}`)}
-                              </th>
-                            ))}
-                          </tr>
-                        </thead>
-                        <tbody>
-                          {rows.map(({ id, host, state }) => {
-                            const s = state?.stats;
-                            return (
-                              <tr
-                                key={id}
-                                {...dragProps(id)}
-                                className={cn(
-                                  "cursor-default [&>td]:bg-card/70 [&>td]:transition-colors hover:[&>td]:bg-card [&>td:first-child]:rounded-l-xl [&>td:last-child]:rounded-r-xl",
-                                  dragging?.panelId === panel.id && dragging.hostId === id && "cursor-grabbing opacity-40",
-                                  dropTarget === id && "[&>td]:bg-accent",
-                                  status(host, state) !== "live" &&
-                                    "text-muted-foreground",
-                                )}
-                              >
-                                <td className="px-3 py-3">
-                                  <button
-                                    draggable
-                                    className="flex cursor-inherit items-center gap-2.5 text-left hover:underline"
-                                    onClick={() => {
-                                      setEditor(null);
-                                      setDetail(id);
-                                    }}
-                                  >
-                                    {host ? (
-                                      <DistroAvatar host={host} fallback={host.label} size="md" />
-                                    ) : (
-                                      <Server size={24} className="shrink-0 text-muted-foreground" />
-                                    )}
-                                    <div className="min-w-0 max-w-52">
-                                      <div className="truncate font-medium">
-                                        {host?.label ?? t("monitor.missingHost")}
-                                      </div>
-                                      <div className="truncate text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">
-                                        {host?.hostname ?? id}
-                                      </div>
-                                    </div>
-                                  </button>
-                                </td>
-                                <td className="px-3">
-                                  {stateBadge(host, state)}
-                                </td>
-                                <td className="px-3 tabular-nums">
-                                  <ResourceBar label="" value={s?.cpu} />
-                                </td>
-                                <td className="px-3 tabular-nums">
-                                  <ResourceBar
-                                    label=""
-                                    value={
-                                      s?.memTotal && s.memUsed != null
-                                        ? (s.memUsed / s.memTotal) * 100
-                                        : null
-                                    }
-                                  />
-                                </td>
-                                <td className="min-w-[220px] px-3 py-3">
-                                  <MonitorDiskUsage stats={s} />
-                                </td>
-                                <td className="px-3 tabular-nums whitespace-nowrap">
-                                  <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
-                                    <ArrowDown size={13} className="shrink-0 text-sky-600 dark:text-sky-400" />
-                                    <span className="sr-only">{t("monitor.download")}: </span>
-                                    {rate(s?.networkReady ? s.netRxSpeed : null)}
-                                  </div>
-                                  <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
-                                    <ArrowUp size={13} className="shrink-0 text-violet-600 dark:text-violet-400" />
-                                    <span className="sr-only">{t("monitor.upload")}: </span>
-                                    {rate(s?.networkReady ? s.netTxSpeed : null)}
-                                  </div>
-                                </td>
-                                <td className="px-3 whitespace-nowrap">
-                                  {state?.at
-                                    ? new Date(state.at).toLocaleTimeString()
-                                    : "--"}
-                                </td>
-                              </tr>
-                            );
-                          })}
-                        </tbody>
-                      </table>
-                    </div>
-                  )}
-                  <p className="pt-4 text-[11px] leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground">
-                    {t("monitor.memoryOnlyHint")}
-                  </p>
-                </div>
-              </div>
+                        <Button
+                          type="button"
+                          variant="ghost"
+                          size="icon"
+                          className="absolute right-3 top-3 h-7 w-7 text-muted-foreground"
+                          data-monitor-terminal={id}
+                          aria-label={`${t("monitor.openTerminal")}: ${host?.label ?? t("monitor.missingHost")}`}
+                          title={t("monitor.openTerminal")}
+                          disabled={!host}
+                          onClick={(event) => {
+                            event.stopPropagation();
+                            if (host) onConnect(host);
+                          }}
+                        >
+                          <Terminal size={14} />
+                        </Button>
+                      </article>
+                    )}
+                    renderCells={({ id, host, state }) => ({
+                      host: (<td>
+                          <button
+                            type="button"
+                            className="flex w-full min-w-0 items-center gap-2.5 text-left aria-disabled:no-underline hover:underline"
+                            aria-disabled={status(host, state) !== "live"}
+                            onClick={() => {
+                              if (status(host, state) !== "live") return;
+                              setEditor(null);
+                              setDetail(id);
+                            }}
+                          >
+                            {host ? (
+                              <DistroAvatar
+                                host={host}
+                                fallback={host.label}
+                                size="md"
+                              />
+                            ) : (
+                              <Server
+                                size={24}
+                                className="shrink-0 text-muted-foreground"
+                              />
+                            )}
+                            <div className="min-w-0">
+                              <div className="truncate font-medium">
+                                {host?.label ?? t("monitor.missingHost")}
+                              </div>
+                              <div className="truncate text-[10px] text-muted-foreground">
+                                {host?.hostname ?? id}
+                              </div>
+                            </div>
+                          </button>
+                        </td>),
+                      latency: (<td>
+                          <MonitorHostLatency value={state?.stats?.latencyMs} responseValue={state?.stats?.responseLatencyMs} />
+                        </td>),
+                      tags: (<td>
+                          <MonitorHostTags tags={host?.tags} />
+                        </td>),
+                      notes: (<td>
+                          <div className="min-w-0 w-full">
+                            <MonitorHostNotes notes={host?.notes} focusable />
+                          </div>
+                        </td>),
+                      cpu: (<td className="tabular-nums">
+                          <ResourceBar
+                            className="w-full"
+                            label=""
+                            value={state?.stats?.cpu}
+                          />
+                        </td>),
+                      memory: (<td className="tabular-nums">
+                          <ResourceBar
+                            className="w-full"
+                            label=""
+                            value={
+                              state?.stats?.memTotal &&
+                              state.stats.memUsed != null
+                                ? (state.stats.memUsed / state.stats.memTotal) *
+                                  100
+                                : null
+                            }
+                          />
+                        </td>),
+                      disks: (<td>
+                          <div className="w-full min-w-0">
+                            <MonitorDiskUsage stats={state?.stats} />
+                          </div>
+                        </td>),
+                      network: (<td
+                          data-monitor-cell="network"
+                          className="tabular-nums whitespace-nowrap"
+                        >
+                          <div>
+                            <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
+                              <ArrowDown
+                                size={13}
+                                className="shrink-0 text-sky-600 dark:text-sky-400"
+                              />
+                              <span className="sr-only">
+                                {t("monitor.download")}:{" "}
+                              </span>
+                              {rate(
+                                state?.stats?.networkReady
+                                  ? state.stats.netRxSpeed
+                                  : null,
+                              )}
+                            </div>
+                            <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5">
+                              <ArrowUp
+                                size={13}
+                                className="shrink-0 text-violet-600 dark:text-violet-400"
+                              />
+                              <span className="sr-only">
+                                {t("monitor.upload")}:{" "}
+                              </span>
+                              {rate(
+                                state?.stats?.networkReady
+                                  ? state.stats.netTxSpeed
+                                  : null,
+                              )}
+                            </div>
+                          </div>
+                        </td>),
+                      updated: (<td className="whitespace-nowrap tabular-nums">
+                          {state?.at
+                            ? new Date(state.at).toLocaleTimeString()
+                            : "--"}
+                        </td>),
+                      status: (<td>{stateBadge(host, state)}</td>),
+                      terminal: (<td className="sticky right-0 z-10 justify-center !bg-background before:pointer-events-none before:absolute before:inset-0 before:rounded-r-xl before:bg-card/70 group-hover:before:bg-card">
+                          <Button
+                            type="button"
+                            variant="ghost"
+                            size="icon"
+                            className="relative h-7 w-7 text-muted-foreground"
+                            data-monitor-terminal={id}
+                            aria-label={`${t("monitor.openTerminal")}: ${host?.label ?? t("monitor.missingHost")}`}
+                            title={t("monitor.openTerminal")}
+                            disabled={!host}
+                            onClick={(event) => {
+                              event.stopPropagation();
+                              if (host) onConnect(host);
+                            }}
+                          >
+                            <Terminal size={14} />
+                          </Button>
+                        </td>)
+                    })}
+                  />
+                </TooltipProvider>
+              )}
             </>
           )}
         </div>
@@ -1006,8 +1138,9 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
             className={monitorAsideClass}
           />
         )}
-        {detail && (
+        {detail && detailAvailable && (
           <AsidePanel
+            dataSection="vault-monitor-detail"
             open
             onClose={() => setDetail(null)}
             title={hostDetail?.label ?? t("monitor.missingHost")}
@@ -1019,7 +1152,7 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
             width="w-[380px]"
             className={monitorAsideClass}
           >
-            <AsidePanelContent>
+            <AsidePanelContent scrollMode="native">
               <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
                 {hostDetail && <DistroAvatar host={hostDetail} fallback={hostDetail.label} size="lg" />}
                 <div className="min-w-0 flex-1">
@@ -1027,73 +1160,41 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
                   {stateBadge(hostDetail, detailState)}
                 </div>
               </div>
-              {["login", "error", "disconnected"].includes(
-                detailState?.status ?? "",
-              ) && (
-                <>
-                  <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                    {t("monitor.loginHint")}
-                  </p>
-                  <div className="space-y-2">
-                    <Label htmlFor="monitor-login-user">
-                      {t("monitor.username")}
-                    </Label>
-                    <Input
-                      id="monitor-login-user"
-                      autoComplete="off"
-                      value={
-                        login.hostId === detail
-                          ? login.username
-                          : (hostDetail?.username ?? "")
-                      }
-                      onChange={(e) =>
-                        setLogin((prev) => ({
-                          hostId: detail,
-                          username: e.target.value,
-                          password: prev.hostId === detail ? prev.password : "",
-                        }))
-                      }
-                    />
-                    <Label htmlFor="monitor-login-password">
-                      {t("monitor.password")}
-                    </Label>
-                    <Input
-                      id="monitor-login-password"
-                      type="password"
-                      autoComplete="new-password"
-                      value={login.hostId === detail ? login.password : ""}
-                      onChange={(e) =>
-                        setLogin((prev) => ({
-                          hostId: detail,
-                          username:
-                            prev.hostId === detail
-                              ? prev.username
-                              : (hostDetail?.username ?? ""),
-                          password: e.target.value,
-                        }))
-                      }
-                    />
-                  </div>
-                  <Button
-                    variant="outline"
-                    onClick={() => {
-                      monitorActions.retry(
-                        detail,
-                        login.hostId === detail && login.password
-                          ? {
-                              username: login.username,
-                              password: login.password,
-                            }
-                          : undefined,
-                      );
-                      setLogin({ hostId: "", username: "", password: "" });
-                    }}
-                  >
-                    {t("monitor.retry")}
-                  </Button>
-                </>
-              )}
               {renderMetrics(detailState, true)}
+              {detailState?.stats && (
+                detailState.stats.gpu != null ||
+                detailState.stats.gpuName ||
+                (detailState.stats.gpuMemTotal ?? 0) > 0
+              ) && (
+                <section className="space-y-3" data-monitor-gpu>
+                  <h3 className="flex items-center gap-1.5 text-sm font-medium">
+                    <Gpu size={15} className="text-muted-foreground" />
+                    {t("systemManager.tabs.gpu")}
+                  </h3>
+                  {detailState.stats.gpuName && (
+                    <p className="break-words text-xs text-muted-foreground">
+                      {detailState.stats.gpuName}
+                    </p>
+                  )}
+                  <div className="space-y-1.5">
+                    <p className="text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">{t("systemManager.gpu.util")}</p>
+                    <ResourceBar label="" value={detailState.stats.gpu} />
+                  </div>
+                  <div className="space-y-1.5">
+                    <div className="flex justify-between gap-2 text-[11px] text-muted-foreground">
+                      <span>{t("systemManager.gpu.memory")}</span>
+                      <span className="tabular-nums">
+                        {capacity(detailState.stats.gpuMemUsed)} / {capacity(detailState.stats.gpuMemTotal)}
+                      </span>
+                    </div>
+                    <ResourceBar label="" value={
+                      detailState.stats.gpuMemUsed != null && (detailState.stats.gpuMemTotal ?? 0) > 0
+                        ? detailState.stats.gpuMemUsed / detailState.stats.gpuMemTotal! * 100
+                        : null
+                    } />
+                  </div>
+                </section>
+              )}
               <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
                 {t("monitor.observed", {
                   count: detailState?.points.length
@@ -1188,24 +1289,6 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
                 <p>{detailState?.stats?.kernelRelease ?? "--"}</p>
                 <p>{detailState?.stats?.hostname ?? "--"}</p>
               </div>
-              {detailState?.status === "unsupported" && (
-                <p className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-                  {t("monitor.unsupportedHint")}
-                </p>
-              )}
-              {!hostDetail && panel && (
-                <Button
-                  variant="outline"
-                  onClick={() => {
-                    void patchPanel({
-                      hostIds: panel.hostIds.filter((id) => id !== detail),
-                    });
-                    setDetail(null);
-                  }}
-                >
-                  {t("monitor.removeHost")}
-                </Button>
-              )}
             </AsidePanelContent>
             <AsidePanelFooter>
               <Button
@@ -1219,6 +1302,32 @@ export function MonitorPanels({
             </AsidePanelFooter>
           </AsidePanel>
         )}
+      <Dialog open={!!recovery} onOpenChange={(open) => !open && setRecovery(null)}>
+        <DialogContent>
+          <DialogHeader>
+            <DialogTitle>{t("monitor.retry")}</DialogTitle>
+            <DialogDescription>{t("monitor.loginHint")}</DialogDescription>
+          </DialogHeader>
+          <form onSubmit={(event) => {
+            event.preventDefault();
+            if (!recovery) return;
+            monitorActions.retry(recovery.hostId, recovery.password ? {username: recovery.username, password: recovery.password} : undefined);
+            setRecovery(null);
+          }} className="space-y-4">
+            <p className="truncate text-sm font-medium">{hostById.get(recovery?.hostId ?? "")?.label}</p>
+            <div className="space-y-2">
+              <Label htmlFor="monitor-login-user">{t("monitor.username")}</Label>
+              <Input id="monitor-login-user" autoComplete="off" value={recovery?.username ?? ""} onChange={(event) => setRecovery(previous => previous && {...previous, username: event.target.value})} />
+              <Label htmlFor="monitor-login-password">{t("monitor.password")}</Label>
+              <Input id="monitor-login-password" type="password" autoComplete="new-password" value={recovery?.password ?? ""} onChange={(event) => setRecovery(previous => previous && {...previous, password: event.target.value})} />
+            </div>
+            <DialogFooter>
+              <Button type="button" variant="outline" onClick={() => setRecovery(null)}>{t("common.cancel")}</Button>
+              <Button type="submit">{t("monitor.retry")}</Button>
+            </DialogFooter>
+          </form>
+        </DialogContent>
+      </Dialog>
       <Dialog
         open={!!deleting}
         onOpenChange={(open) => !open && setDeleting(null)}

docs/research/catty-prompt-cache-fix-2026-10-18.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Catty prompt cache repair and verification
+
+## Scope and issue history
+
+- Original report: [#3545](https://github.com/binaricat/Netcatty/issues/3545), duplicate [#3546](https://github.com/binaricat/Netcatty/issues/3546).
+- [#3547](https://github.com/binaricat/Netcatty/pull/3547) moved static guidelines before scope/session details. That repair remains valid, but its closing comment did not claim a measured DeepSeek result.
+- This change starts from main `b5fee9632ea012e5c15fbdae454dec2aa7d32572` and repairs additional cache invalidation and usage-reporting paths.
+
+## Confirmed defects and changes
+
+1. Completed terminal results were rewritten when the next user turn rebuilt history. Keep the already bounded result, with secret redaction, and let context budgeting own necessary reductions.
+2. Live SDK results use JSON while saved history uses text. Apply the same bounded compression to both before sending them, avoiding a second, different representation on the next turn.
+3. Routine output cleanup inserted the latest goal and pending handles at the start of otherwise intact history. Reserve that reinjection for actual budget pressure or summarization.
+4. Large-output handle notices were replaced at the front on every step. Results already containing a handle need no duplicate notice. Announce missing handles once at the tail and preserve prior notices; continue to reserve their budget if older results are pruned.
+5. DeepSeek's documented `prompt_cache_hit_tokens` was lost when the OpenAI-compatible SDK parsed responses. Normalize it to the standard cached-token field before parsing, preserving an existing standard value, including zero. Cover streaming and non-streaming responses.
+6. Catty omitted cache counts from its usage events and saved assistant messages. Preserve provider counts and attach aggregate usage after the final assistant message has been created.
+7. Native Anthropic requests lacked cache breakpoints. Cache the static system block and a bounded conversation tail; leave implicit-cache OpenAI/Google requests untouched and preserve signed reasoning content. Enable these vendor fields only for the official HTTPS Anthropic endpoint (including the SDK's default endpoint), not third-party Messages-compatible gateways. Use the shared resolved SDK address, including OpenRouter/Ollama fallbacks when a stored URL is empty. Review follow-ups add endpoint gating and full-driver gateway/fallback regressions; they do not change the measured DeepSeek path.
+
+## Comparison with mature agents and official guidance
+
+- [Codex prompt-caching tests](https://github.com/openai/codex/blob/8c076942cb70fba8e5c4732c23f1faabc4aed484/codex-rs/core/tests/suite/prompt_caching.rs): exercise stable tools and append-only request prefixes. The new tests compare the actual serialized requests produced by Catty's driver, SDK and bridge adapter across consecutive turns.
+- [OpenCode cache policy](https://github.com/anomalyco/opencode/blob/c38d83c0c4f92466ff9c8e12b8a741698e811012/packages/ai/src/cache-policy.ts): use provider-specific explicit cache boundaries where required and leave implicit-cache protocols alone.
+- [DeepSeek context caching](https://api-docs.deepseek.com/guides/kv_cache/): exact shared prefixes, asynchronous/best-effort cache persistence and provider-reported hit/miss counts. Live probes wait between turns and use the official endpoint.
+- [Anthropic prompt caching](https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/build-with-claude/prompt-caching): explicit boundaries, tool/system/message ordering and a limit of four breakpoints. Catty uses at most three automatic markers.
+- [OpenAI prompt caching](https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/guides/prompt-caching): stable shared prefixes. No additional explicit cache-control fields are sent on this path.
+
+## Live verification
+
+The final fixed Catty driver was bundled from the isolated worktree and executed inside the running Electron renderer, using the app's existing IPC and configured `https://api.deepseek.com` service, model `deepseek-v4-flash`. The API key stayed inside the app's credential handling.
+
+Each run contains six consecutive turns for each of three scenarios: plain chat, one command per turn, and a command producing 14,000 synthetic log lines followed by a bounded saved-output read. Model requests and usage are real. Tool execution uses an in-memory fixture; no command is sent to the user's connected SSH hosts. The prompts contain only synthetic session/host information.
+
+The results file records every provider-reported input/cache/output count, per-step counts and errors. The rate is total cached input divided by total input, including all model calls in a turn. It is not an average of rounded percentages.
+
+Two complete runs of the final source produced 36 turns / 72 real model requests, with zero errors:
+
+| Scenario | Turns | Weighted cache hit rate | Per-turn range |
+| --- | ---: | ---: | ---: |
+| Plain chat | 12 | 98.55% | 98.19%-98.92% |
+| Command execution | 12 | 98.59% | 98.12%-99.03% |
+| Large command output + saved-output read | 12 | 97.80% | 97.30%-98.32% |
+
+Raw per-turn and per-step counters are in [the JSON evidence file](./catty-prompt-cache-live-2026-10-18.json). These are warm-cache measurements; an earlier probe's first request correctly reported zero cached input before subsequent requests reached about 98%. The earlier probe is excluded from the final-source totals.
+
+The production chat-message component was rendered with the live conversation in Electron. Its usage footer showed input, output, cache and reasoning counts; opening the command entry showed the expected fixture result. No product UI layout was changed.
+
+Limits: live provider evidence covers the configured DeepSeek model. Native Anthropic request formatting and usage preservation are verified with the real SDK and a protocol fixture, not a paid Claude session. Cache hits remain provider-managed; a new prefix, necessary compaction or expired cache can legitimately miss.
+
+## Automated verification
+
+- Full AI/history/UI-related suite after the endpoint review follow-ups: 600 tests passed.
+- New regression coverage includes six consecutive plain-chat turns, six command turns, six large-file turns, six large-terminal-output turns, long-output handles, streaming/non-streaming DeepSeek usage, aggregate multi-step usage and native Anthropic boundaries.
+- Production build passed.
+- Full lint passed with eight existing warnings; final changed-file lint passed without warnings.
+- Type checking matches the untouched main baseline: 758 existing errors, zero additional errors after normalizing checkout paths and line numbers.
+
+Full-repository verification also found setup and unrelated timing limits:
+
+- The first run passed 13,968 tests and skipped 36, with one failed file caused by the fresh worktree missing the nested `plugin-cli/node_modules/yauzl` dependency. Linking the existing dependency directory repaired the setup; all 29 CLI tests then passed.
+- A repeat full run hit the unchanged `large directory progress coalesces synchronous persistence work` timing assertion (2,638,624 characters persisted against a 588,644-character snapshot). That assertion passed in the prior full run. All 102 tests in its file passed on isolated rerun; the same assertion also passed on untouched main. This is an observed full-run timing fluctuation, not a claimed baseline reproduction or an SFTP repair.
+- The Homebrew Node 22 binary is broken locally (missing shared library); verification uses an isolated official npm Node 22 runtime. `TMPDIR=/tmp` selects Netcatty's shorter private per-user temporary directory for Unix-socket tests. The default macOS path exceeded the FIDO test socket limit; no product source was changed to accommodate this environment.
+
+The full suite is therefore not reported as unconditionally green. No Catty/cache test failed in the final implementation.

docs/research/catty-prompt-cache-live-2026-10-18.json

@@ -0,0 +1,955 @@
+{
+  "date": "2026-10-18",
+  "endpoint": "https://api.deepseek.com",
+  "model": "deepseek-v4-flash",
+  "input": "synthetic prompts and in-memory tool output",
+  "totalTurns": 36,
+  "totalModelCalls": 72,
+  "summary": [
+    {
+      "kind": "chat",
+      "turns": 12,
+      "inputTokens": 162870,
+      "cachedTokens": 160512,
+      "weightedHitRate": 98.55,
+      "minTurnRate": 98.19,
+      "maxTurnRate": 98.92
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "command",
+      "turns": 12,
+      "inputTokens": 341856,
+      "cachedTokens": 337024,
+      "weightedHitRate": 98.59,
+      "minTurnRate": 98.12,
+      "maxTurnRate": 99.03
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "large-output",
+      "turns": 12,
+      "inputTokens": 598639,
+      "cachedTokens": 585472,
+      "weightedHitRate": 97.8,
+      "minTurnRate": 97.3,
+      "maxTurnRate": 98.32
+    }
+  ],
+  "runs": [
+    {
+      "model": "deepseek-v4-flash",
+      "rows": [
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 1,
+          "inputTokens": 13500,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "hitRate": 98.61,
+          "outputTokens": 21,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 690
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 2,
+          "inputTokens": 13529,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "hitRate": 98.4,
+          "outputTokens": 4,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 898
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 3,
+          "inputTokens": 13558,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "hitRate": 98.19,
+          "outputTokens": 4,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 658
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 4,
+          "inputTokens": 13587,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "hitRate": 98.92,
+          "outputTokens": 4,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 982
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 5,
+          "inputTokens": 13616,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "hitRate": 98.71,
+          "outputTokens": 4,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 611
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 6,
+          "inputTokens": 13645,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "hitRate": 98.5,
+          "outputTokens": 4,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 676
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 1,
+          "inputTokens": 27473,
+          "cachedTokens": 27008,
+          "hitRate": 98.31,
+          "outputTokens": 384,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 1,
+          "milliseconds": 5711
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 2,
+          "inputTokens": 28156,
+          "cachedTokens": 27776,
+          "hitRate": 98.65,
+          "outputTokens": 93,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 2,
+          "milliseconds": 4606
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 3,
+          "inputTokens": 28538,
+          "cachedTokens": 28160,
+          "hitRate": 98.68,
+          "outputTokens": 83,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 3,
+          "milliseconds": 4738
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 4,
+          "inputTokens": 28940,
+          "cachedTokens": 28544,
+          "hitRate": 98.63,
+          "outputTokens": 113,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 4,
+          "milliseconds": 5000
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 5,
+          "inputTokens": 29342,
+          "cachedTokens": 29056,
+          "hitRate": 99.03,
+          "outputTokens": 83,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 5,
+          "milliseconds": 5011
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 6,
+          "inputTokens": 29714,
+          "cachedTokens": 29312,
+          "hitRate": 98.65,
+          "outputTokens": 83,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 6,
+          "milliseconds": 4517
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 1,
+          "inputTokens": 42570,
+          "cachedTokens": 41472,
+          "hitRate": 97.42,
+          "outputTokens": 344,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 2,
+          "milliseconds": 6895
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 2,
+          "inputTokens": 45647,
+          "cachedTokens": 44416,
+          "hitRate": 97.3,
+          "outputTokens": 163,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 4,
+          "milliseconds": 5644
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 3,
+          "inputTokens": 48547,
+          "cachedTokens": 47488,
+          "hitRate": 97.82,
+          "outputTokens": 165,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 6,
+          "milliseconds": 5271
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 4,
+          "inputTokens": 51449,
+          "cachedTokens": 50304,
+          "hitRate": 97.77,
+          "outputTokens": 163,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 8,
+          "milliseconds": 5826
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 5,
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+          "cachedTokens": 53248,
+          "hitRate": 97.97,
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+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 10,
+          "milliseconds": 6235
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 6,
+          "inputTokens": 57280,
+          "cachedTokens": 56320,
+          "hitRate": 98.32,
+          "outputTokens": 168,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 12,
+          "milliseconds": 5692
+        }
+      ],
+      "steps": [
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 13500,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "completionTokens": 21
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 13529,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 13558,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 13587,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 13616,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 13645,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 13531,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "completionTokens": 364
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 13942,
+          "cachedTokens": 13696,
+          "completionTokens": 20
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 14018,
+          "cachedTokens": 13824,
+          "completionTokens": 73
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 14138,
+          "cachedTokens": 13952,
+          "completionTokens": 20
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 14214,
+          "cachedTokens": 14080,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 14324,
+          "cachedTokens": 14080,
+          "completionTokens": 20
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 14400,
+          "cachedTokens": 14208,
+          "completionTokens": 93
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 14540,
+          "cachedTokens": 14336,
+          "completionTokens": 20
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 14616,
+          "cachedTokens": 14464,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 14726,
+          "cachedTokens": 14592,
+          "completionTokens": 20
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 14802,
+          "cachedTokens": 14592,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 14912,
+          "cachedTokens": 14720,
+          "completionTokens": 20
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 13558,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "completionTokens": 243
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 14394,
+          "cachedTokens": 13696,
+          "completionTokens": 97
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 14618,
+          "cachedTokens": 14464,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 14705,
+          "cachedTokens": 14464,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 15360,
+          "cachedTokens": 14720,
+          "completionTokens": 96
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 15582,
+          "cachedTokens": 15232,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 15669,
+          "cachedTokens": 15488,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 16326,
+          "cachedTokens": 15616,
+          "completionTokens": 98
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 16552,
+          "cachedTokens": 16384,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 16639,
+          "cachedTokens": 16384,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 17294,
+          "cachedTokens": 16640,
+          "completionTokens": 96
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 17516,
+          "cachedTokens": 17280,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 17603,
+          "cachedTokens": 17408,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 18261,
+          "cachedTokens": 17536,
+          "completionTokens": 99
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 18489,
+          "cachedTokens": 18304,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 18576,
+          "cachedTokens": 18432,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 19236,
+          "cachedTokens": 18560,
+          "completionTokens": 101
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 19468,
+          "cachedTokens": 19328,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        }
+      ],
+      "errors": []
+    },
+    {
+      "model": "deepseek-v4-flash",
+      "rows": [
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 1,
+          "inputTokens": 13500,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "hitRate": 98.61,
+          "outputTokens": 57,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 1278
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 2,
+          "inputTokens": 13529,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "hitRate": 98.4,
+          "outputTokens": 4,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 658
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 3,
+          "inputTokens": 13558,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "hitRate": 98.19,
+          "outputTokens": 4,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 809
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 4,
+          "inputTokens": 13587,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "hitRate": 98.92,
+          "outputTokens": 4,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 958
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 5,
+          "inputTokens": 13616,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "hitRate": 98.71,
+          "outputTokens": 4,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 857
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 6,
+          "inputTokens": 13645,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "hitRate": 98.5,
+          "outputTokens": 4,
+          "modelCalls": 1,
+          "toolResults": 0,
+          "milliseconds": 1061
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 1,
+          "inputTokens": 27300,
+          "cachedTokens": 26880,
+          "hitRate": 98.46,
+          "outputTokens": 195,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 1,
+          "milliseconds": 4773
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 2,
+          "inputTokens": 27785,
+          "cachedTokens": 27264,
+          "hitRate": 98.12,
+          "outputTokens": 84,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 2,
+          "milliseconds": 4529
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 3,
+          "inputTokens": 28142,
+          "cachedTokens": 27776,
+          "hitRate": 98.7,
+          "outputTokens": 67,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 3,
+          "milliseconds": 4584
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 4,
+          "inputTokens": 28482,
+          "cachedTokens": 28032,
+          "hitRate": 98.42,
+          "outputTokens": 67,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 4,
+          "milliseconds": 4706
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 5,
+          "inputTokens": 28822,
+          "cachedTokens": 28416,
+          "hitRate": 98.59,
+          "outputTokens": 67,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 5,
+          "milliseconds": 4558
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 6,
+          "inputTokens": 29162,
+          "cachedTokens": 28800,
+          "hitRate": 98.76,
+          "outputTokens": 67,
+          "modelCalls": 2,
+          "toolResults": 6,
+          "milliseconds": 4496
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 1,
+          "inputTokens": 42428,
+          "cachedTokens": 41344,
+          "hitRate": 97.45,
+          "outputTokens": 270,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 2,
+          "milliseconds": 5945
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 2,
+          "inputTokens": 45447,
+          "cachedTokens": 44416,
+          "hitRate": 97.73,
+          "outputTokens": 164,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 4,
+          "milliseconds": 5125
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 3,
+          "inputTokens": 48356,
+          "cachedTokens": 47232,
+          "hitRate": 97.68,
+          "outputTokens": 166,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 6,
+          "milliseconds": 5238
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 4,
+          "inputTokens": 51279,
+          "cachedTokens": 50176,
+          "hitRate": 97.85,
+          "outputTokens": 167,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 8,
+          "milliseconds": 5535
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 5,
+          "inputTokens": 54195,
+          "cachedTokens": 53120,
+          "hitRate": 98.02,
+          "outputTokens": 164,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 10,
+          "milliseconds": 5977
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 6,
+          "inputTokens": 57088,
+          "cachedTokens": 55936,
+          "hitRate": 97.98,
+          "outputTokens": 162,
+          "modelCalls": 3,
+          "toolResults": 12,
+          "milliseconds": 5391
+        }
+      ],
+      "steps": [
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 13500,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "completionTokens": 57
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 13529,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 13558,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 13587,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 13616,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "chat",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 13645,
+          "cachedTokens": 13440,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 13531,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "completionTokens": 191
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 13769,
+          "cachedTokens": 13568,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 13829,
+          "cachedTokens": 13568,
+          "completionTokens": 80
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 13956,
+          "cachedTokens": 13696,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 14016,
+          "cachedTokens": 13824,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 14126,
+          "cachedTokens": 13952,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 14186,
+          "cachedTokens": 13952,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 14296,
+          "cachedTokens": 14080,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 14356,
+          "cachedTokens": 14208,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 14466,
+          "cachedTokens": 14208,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 14526,
+          "cachedTokens": 14336,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "command",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 14636,
+          "cachedTokens": 14464,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 13558,
+          "cachedTokens": 13312,
+          "completionTokens": 166
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 14320,
+          "cachedTokens": 13696,
+          "completionTokens": 100
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 1,
+          "promptTokens": 14550,
+          "cachedTokens": 14336,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 14637,
+          "cachedTokens": 14464,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 15293,
+          "cachedTokens": 14592,
+          "completionTokens": 97
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 2,
+          "promptTokens": 15517,
+          "cachedTokens": 15360,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 15604,
+          "cachedTokens": 15360,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 16262,
+          "cachedTokens": 15616,
+          "completionTokens": 99
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 3,
+          "promptTokens": 16490,
+          "cachedTokens": 16256,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 16577,
+          "cachedTokens": 16384,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 17236,
+          "cachedTokens": 16512,
+          "completionTokens": 100
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 4,
+          "promptTokens": 17466,
+          "cachedTokens": 17280,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 17553,
+          "cachedTokens": 17408,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 18209,
+          "cachedTokens": 17536,
+          "completionTokens": 97
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 5,
+          "promptTokens": 18433,
+          "cachedTokens": 18176,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 18520,
+          "cachedTokens": 18304,
+          "completionTokens": 63
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 19174,
+          "cachedTokens": 18432,
+          "completionTokens": 95
+        },
+        {
+          "kind": "large-output",
+          "round": 6,
+          "promptTokens": 19394,
+          "cachedTokens": 19200,
+          "completionTokens": 4
+        }
+      ],
+      "errors": []
+    }
+  ]
+}

domain/monitorRuntime.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ export type MonitorHostState = {
     | "disconnected"
     | "limit";
   at: number;
+  /** GPU publication can advance independently of the primary sample/history. */
+  statsAt?: number;
   /** Omitted by incremental replies when the receiver already has this sample. */
   stats?: MonitorStats | null;
   points: MonitorPoint[];

domain/monitorTableLayout.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import test from "node:test";
+import assert from "node:assert/strict";
+import {
+  MONITOR_COLUMNS,
+  clampMonitorColumnWidth,
+  normalizeMonitorColumnWidths,
+  normalizeMonitorHiddenColumns,
+  monitorGridColumns,
+} from "./monitorTableLayout";
+
+test("saved column sizes cannot hide data or create unbounded table widths", () => {
+  const widths = normalizeMonitorColumnWidths({
+    host: -1,
+    latency: Infinity,
+    notes: 100000,
+    terminal: NaN,
+    unknown: 400,
+  });
+  assert.equal(widths.host, 160);
+  assert.equal(widths.latency, 90);
+  assert.equal(widths.notes, 640);
+  assert.equal(widths.terminal, 56);
+  assert.equal(Object.keys(widths).length, MONITOR_COLUMNS.length);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    normalizeMonitorColumnWidths(null),
+    normalizeMonitorColumnWidths({}),
+  );
+  for (const column of MONITOR_COLUMNS) {
+    assert.equal(clampMonitorColumnWidth(column.key, -100), column.min);
+    assert.equal(
+      clampMonitorColumnWidth(column.key, 10000),
+      column.key === "terminal" ? 200 : 640,
+    );
+  }
+});
+test("virtual card rows adapt to narrow panes and do not allocate empty columns", () => {
+  assert.equal(monitorGridColumns(200, 1000), 1);
+  assert.equal(monitorGridColumns(575, 1000), 1);
+  assert.equal(monitorGridColumns(576, 1000), 2);
+  assert.equal(monitorGridColumns(1248, 1000), 4);
+  assert.equal(monitorGridColumns(1248, 2), 2);
+  assert.equal(monitorGridColumns(0, 1000), 1);
+});
+
+test("hidden columns always preserve host and terminal and discard unknown settings", () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    normalizeMonitorHiddenColumns([
+      "host",
+      "terminal",
+      "cpu",
+      "cpu",
+      "unknown",
+      "status",
+    ]),
+    ["cpu", "status"],
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(normalizeMonitorHiddenColumns(null), []);
+  assert.deepEqual(normalizeMonitorHiddenColumns({ cpu: true }), []);
+  assert.equal(
+    normalizeMonitorHiddenColumns(MONITOR_COLUMNS.map((c) => c.key)).length,
+    MONITOR_COLUMNS.length - 2,
+  );
+});

domain/monitorTableLayout.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+export const MONITOR_COLUMNS = [
+  { key: "host", width: 220, min: 160 },
+  { key: "latency", width: 90, min: 80 },
+  { key: "tags", width: 150, min: 90 },
+  { key: "notes", width: 180, min: 110 },
+  { key: "cpu", width: 120, min: 120 },
+  { key: "memory", width: 120, min: 120 },
+  { key: "disks", width: 240, min: 220 },
+  { key: "network", width: 150, min: 140 },
+  { key: "updated", width: 110, min: 95 },
+  { key: "status", width: 100, min: 90 },
+  { key: "terminal", width: 56, min: 56 },
+] as const;
+export type MonitorColumn = (typeof MONITOR_COLUMNS)[number]["key"];
+export type MonitorColumnWidths = Record<MonitorColumn, number>;
+export const MONITOR_CARD_HEIGHT = 368;
+
+export function clampMonitorColumnWidth(
+  key: MonitorColumn,
+  width: number,
+): number {
+  const column = MONITOR_COLUMNS.find((column) => column.key === key)!;
+  return Number.isFinite(width)
+    ? Math.round(
+        Math.max(column.min, Math.min(key === "terminal" ? 200 : 640, width)),
+      )
+    : column.width;
+}
+export function normalizeMonitorColumnWidths(
+  value: unknown,
+): MonitorColumnWidths {
+  const stored =
+    value && typeof value === "object"
+      ? (value as Record<string, unknown>)
+      : {};
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    MONITOR_COLUMNS.map((column) => [
+      column.key,
+      clampMonitorColumnWidth(
+        column.key,
+        typeof stored[column.key] === "number"
+          ? (stored[column.key] as number)
+          : column.width,
+      ),
+    ]),
+  ) as MonitorColumnWidths;
+}
+export function monitorGridColumns(width: number, count: number): number {
+  return Math.max(
+    1,
+    Math.min(count, Math.floor((Math.max(0, width) + 16) / 296)),
+  );
+}
+
+/** Only optional columns can be hidden, including when restoring old or corrupt settings. */
+export function normalizeMonitorHiddenColumns(value: unknown): MonitorColumn[] {
+  return MONITOR_COLUMNS.filter(
+    ({ key }) =>
+      key !== "host" &&
+      key !== "terminal" &&
+      Array.isArray(value) &&
+      value.includes(key),
+  ).map(({ key }) => key);
+}

electron/bridges/monitorBridge.cjs

@@ -352,7 +352,8 @@ function createMonitorService({
           historyId,
           status: entry?.status ?? host.status ?? "limit",
           at: shared?.at ?? 0,
-          ...(append && last?.historyId === historyId && last.statsAt === (shared?.at ?? 0)
+          statsAt: shared?.statsAt ?? shared?.at ?? 0,
+          ...(append && last?.historyId === historyId && last.statsAt === (shared?.statsAt ?? shared?.at ?? 0)
             ? {}
             : { stats: shared?.result?.success ? shared.result.stats : null }),
           points: append && last?.historyId === historyId

electron/bridges/monitorBridge.test.cjs

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ test("full terminal readers upgrade a lightweight cached sample and keep subsequ
         memTotal: 100,
         memUsed: null,
         topProcesses: ctx._monitorStats ? [] : [{ name: "full-process" }],
-        gpu: ctx._monitorStats ? null : 75,
+        gpu: 75,
       },
     };
   };
@@ -752,3 +752,23 @@ test("snapshot deltas send new points only, even with 256 full retained historie
   assert.ok(Object.entries(fresh.hosts).every(([id, host]) => id === "h0" || !Object.hasOwn(host, "stats")));
   f.service.dispose();
 });
+
+test('a completed GPU probe reaches incremental snapshots before the next CPU sample',async()=>{
+ const {cacheFullGpuStats}=require('./sshBridge/monitorGpuStats.cjs');
+ const f=fixture();
+ try {
+  f.service.reconcile(event(1),[{...demand(),interval:60}]);
+  await until(()=>f.service.snapshot(event(1)).hosts.h?.status==='live');
+  const initial=f.service.snapshot(event(1));
+  const host=initial.hosts.h;
+  const cursor={runtimeId:initial.runtimeId,epoch:initial.epoch,after:{h:{at:host.points.at(-1)?.at??0,statsAt:host.statsAt,historyId:host.historyId}}};
+  cacheFullGpuStats(f.c,{gpu:75,gpuName:'NVIDIA independent',gpuMemUsed:512,gpuMemTotal:8192});
+  const next=f.service.snapshot(event(1),cursor).hosts.h;
+  assert.equal(next.stats.gpu,75,'GPU data must not be omitted by the primary sample cursor');
+  assert.equal(next.at,host.at,'GPU publication must not change CPU freshness');
+  assert.deepEqual(next.points,[],'GPU publication must not add trend samples');
+  assert.ok(next.statsAt>host.statsAt);
+  const caughtUp={...cursor,after:{h:{...cursor.after.h,statsAt:next.statsAt}}};
+  assert.equal(f.service.snapshot(event(1),caughtUp).hosts.h.stats,undefined,'unchanged GPU data is not repeatedly sent');
+ } finally {f.service.dispose();}
+});

electron/bridges/sshBridge.monitorOwners.test.cjs

@@ -91,6 +91,54 @@ test("worker IPC installs one owner teardown across all monitor handlers", async
   ]);
 });
 
+test("starting monitoring publishes latency even when SSH keepalives are disabled", async () => {
+  pool.resetSshTransportRegistryForTests({ defaultIdleTtlMs: 0 });
+  const { selectServerStatsFixtureOutput } = require("./sshBridge/serverStatsTestHelpers.cjs");
+  const handlers = register();
+  const e = event(93);
+  const options = {
+    hostname: "latency-fixture",
+    username: "fixture",
+    password: "fixture-only",
+    keepaliveInterval: 0,
+    verifyHostKeys: false,
+  };
+  const conn = new EventEmitter();
+  conn._sock = { destroyed: false };
+  conn.config = { keepaliveInterval: 0 };
+  conn.end = () => {};
+  conn.exec = (command, callback) => {
+    const stream = new EventEmitter();
+    stream.stderr = new EventEmitter();
+    stream.write = () => true;
+    callback(null, stream);
+    setImmediate(() => {
+      stream.emit("data", Buffer.from(selectServerStatsFixtureOutput(command,
+        "CPURAW:1000 900|CORES:4|PERCORERAW:|MEMINFO:8000 4000 100 900 0 0|PROCS:|DISKS:|NET:")));
+      stream.emit("close", 0);
+    });
+  };
+  const transport = pool.createTransport({ conn, endpoint: pool.buildConnectionReuseEndpoint(options) });
+  const holder = {};
+  pool.borrowTransport(transport, { kind: pool.LEASE_KINDS.shell, holder });
+  try {
+    await handlers.get("netcatty:monitor:update")(e, [{ id: "latency", hosts: [{ id: "host", options }] }]);
+    let snapshot;
+    const deadline = Date.now() + 2000;
+    do {
+      await tick();
+      snapshot = handlers.get("netcatty:monitor:snapshot")(e);
+    } while (snapshot.hosts.host?.status !== "live" && Date.now() < deadline);
+    assert.equal(snapshot.hosts.host?.status, "live");
+    assert.equal(snapshot.hosts.host.stats.memTotal, 8000);
+    assert.equal(snapshot.hosts.host.stats.latencyMs, null, "keepalive opt-out is preserved");
+    assert.equal(typeof snapshot.hosts.host.stats.responseLatencyMs, "number");
+  } finally {
+    bridge.stopAllMonitoring();
+    pool.returnTransport(holder);
+  }
+});
+
 
 test("worker receiving handlers accept the actual IPC sender without WebContents lifecycle methods", async () => {
   const { createWorkerSender } = require("../terminalWorker/process.cjs");

electron/bridges/sshBridge/monitorGpuStats.cjs

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+"use strict";
+const { executeBoundedSshCommand } = require("../boundedSshExec.cjs");
+
+const GPU_ASSIGNMENT = `gpustat=$(gpucsv=$(timeout -s KILL 2 nvidia-smi --query-gpu=utilization.gpu,memory.used,memory.total,name --format=csv,noheader,nounits 2>/dev/null) && printf '%s\\n' "$gpucsv" | awk -F', *' 'NF >= 4 {g++; if($1 ~ /^[0-9]+$/) {n++; u+=$1} if($2 ~ /^[0-9]+$/) {mu+=$2; uc++} if($3 ~ /^[0-9]+$/) {mt+=$3; tc++} if(name=="") name=$4} END{if(n>0) printf "%.0f %s %s %s", u/n, (uc==g ? sprintf("%.0f",mu) : "N/A"), (tc==g ? sprintf("%.0f",mt) : "N/A"), name}' 2>/dev/null || echo "")`;
+const EMPTY_GPU = {
+  gpu: null,
+  gpuName: null,
+  gpuMemUsed: null,
+  gpuMemTotal: null,
+};
+const states = new WeakMap();
+function stateFor(conn) {
+  let state = states.get(conn);
+  if (!state) {
+    state = {
+      stats: EMPTY_GPU,
+      nextAt: 0,
+      pending: null,
+      controller: null,
+      updatedAt: 0,
+      disabled: false,
+    };
+    states.set(conn, state);
+  }
+  return state;
+}
+function updateGpuStats(state, next) {
+  if (Object.keys(EMPTY_GPU).some((key) => state.stats[key] !== next[key])) {
+    // Publication time is separate from CPU history and strictly advances even
+    // when a fast GPU reply shares the CPU sample's millisecond.
+    state.updatedAt = Math.max(Date.now() + 1, state.updatedAt + 1);
+  }
+  state.stats = next;
+}
+function monitorGpuUpdatedAt(conn) {
+  return states.get(conn)?.updatedAt ?? 0;
+}
+function parseGpuStats(output) {
+  const raw =
+    String(output || "")
+      .split("|")
+      .find((part) => part.startsWith("GPU:"))
+      ?.slice(4)
+      .trim()
+      .split(/\s+/) ?? [];
+  const utilization = parseInt(raw[0], 10);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(utilization)) return EMPTY_GPU;
+  const number = (value) =>
+    Number.isFinite(parseInt(value, 10)) ? parseInt(value, 10) : null;
+  return {
+    gpu: Math.max(0, Math.min(100, utilization)),
+    gpuName: raw.slice(3).join(" ") || null,
+    gpuMemUsed: number(raw[1]),
+    gpuMemTotal: number(raw[2]),
+  };
+}
+function withCachedMonitorGpu(conn, result) {
+  const state = states.get(conn);
+  return state && result?.success
+    ? { ...result, stats: { ...result.stats, ...state.stats } }
+    : result;
+}
+function cacheFullGpuStats(conn, stats) {
+  const state = stateFor(conn);
+  state.controller?.abort();
+  updateGpuStats(
+    state,
+    Object.fromEntries(
+      Object.keys(EMPTY_GPU).map((key) => [key, stats[key] ?? null]),
+    ),
+  );
+  state.nextAt = Date.now() + 10000;
+}
+/** Optional GPU work never joins the CPU/memory sampler or its history clock. */
+function startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, command, options = {}) {
+  const state = stateFor(conn);
+  if (state.disabled || state.pending || Date.now() < state.nextAt) return;
+  const controller = new AbortController();
+  state.controller = controller;
+  state.nextAt = Date.now() + 30000;
+  state.pending = Promise.resolve()
+    .then(() =>
+      executeBoundedSshCommand(conn, command, {
+        ...options,
+        signal: controller.signal,
+        invalidateTransportOnAbort: false,
+        invalidateOnOpenTimeout: false,
+        openingTimeoutMs: 2500,
+        runTimeoutMs: 2500,
+        maxOutputBytes: 65536,
+      }),
+    )
+    .then(({ stdout }) => {
+      if (controller.signal.aborted) return;
+      updateGpuStats(state, parseGpuStats(stdout));
+      state.nextAt = Date.now() + (state.stats.gpu == null ? 30000 : 10000);
+    })
+    .catch((error) => {
+      // A timed-out channel open cannot be withdrawn from ssh2's request FIFO.
+      // Keep this optional probe from disconnecting SSH or piling up requests.
+      if (error?.code === "SSH_EXEC_OPEN_TIMEOUT") state.disabled = true;
+      if (!controller.signal.aborted) updateGpuStats(state, EMPTY_GPU);
+    })
+    .finally(() => {
+      state.pending = null;
+      if (state.controller === controller) state.controller = null;
+    });
+}
+function cancelMonitorGpuProbe(conn) {
+  states.get(conn)?.controller?.abort();
+}
+module.exports = {
+  GPU_ASSIGNMENT,
+  monitorGpuUpdatedAt,
+  parseGpuStats,
+  withCachedMonitorGpu,
+  cacheFullGpuStats,
+  startMonitorGpuProbe,
+  cancelMonitorGpuProbe,
+};

electron/bridges/sshBridge/monitorGpuStats.test.cjs

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+"use strict";
+const test = require("node:test");
+const assert = require("node:assert/strict");
+const { EventEmitter } = require("node:events");
+const {
+  startMonitorGpuProbe,
+  withCachedMonitorGpu,
+  cacheFullGpuStats,
+  cancelMonitorGpuProbe,
+} = require("./monitorGpuStats.cjs");
+const tick = () => new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+function stream() {
+  const s = new EventEmitter();
+  s.stderr = new EventEmitter();
+  s.close = () => {};
+  s.destroy = () => {};
+  return s;
+}
+const sample = { success: true, stats: { cpu: 12, memTotal: 4096, gpu: null } };
+test("GPU work is coalesced, cached independently, and never changes CPU readings", async (t) => {
+  let now = 100000,
+    calls = 0,
+    current;
+  t.mock.method(Date, "now", () => now);
+  const conn = {
+    exec(_command, cb) {
+      calls++;
+      current = stream();
+      cb(null, current);
+    },
+  };
+  t.after(() => cancelMonitorGpuProbe(conn));
+  startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, "gpu");
+  startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, "gpu");
+  await tick();
+  assert.equal(calls, 1);
+  assert.equal(withCachedMonitorGpu(conn, sample).stats.cpu, 12);
+  assert.equal(withCachedMonitorGpu(conn, sample).stats.gpu, null);
+  current.emit("data", Buffer.from("GPU:75 1024 8192 NVIDIA T4"));
+  current.emit("close", 0);
+  await tick();
+  assert.equal(withCachedMonitorGpu(conn, sample).stats.gpu, 75);
+  assert.equal(withCachedMonitorGpu(conn, sample).stats.gpuName, "NVIDIA T4");
+  now += 9999;
+  startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, "gpu");
+  await tick();
+  assert.equal(calls, 1);
+  now += 1;
+  startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, "gpu");
+  await tick();
+  assert.equal(calls, 2);
+  current.emit("close", 0);
+  await tick();
+  assert.equal(withCachedMonitorGpu(conn, sample).stats.gpu, null);
+  now += 29000;
+  startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, "gpu");
+  await tick();
+  assert.equal(calls, 2, "missing GPU probes back off");
+});
+test("cancelling optional GPU work preserves a full reader cache and ignores late results", async (t) => {
+  let current;
+  const conn = {
+    exec(_command, cb) {
+      current = stream();
+      cb(null, current);
+    },
+  };
+  startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, "gpu");
+  await tick();
+  cacheFullGpuStats(conn, {
+    gpu: 42,
+    gpuName: "NVIDIA full",
+    gpuMemUsed: 512,
+    gpuMemTotal: 8192,
+  });
+  current.emit("data", Buffer.from("GPU:99 1 2 NVIDIA late"));
+  current.emit("close", 0);
+  await tick();
+  assert.equal(withCachedMonitorGpu(conn, sample).stats.gpu, 42);
+  assert.equal(withCachedMonitorGpu(conn, sample).stats.cpu, 12);
+  cancelMonitorGpuProbe(conn);
+  t.after(() => cancelMonitorGpuProbe(conn));
+});
+
+test("monitor snapshots include cached GPU without adding history samples or changing sample time", async () => {
+  const { sampleSharedStats, readSharedStats } = require("./sharedStats.cjs");
+  const conn = {};
+  await sampleSharedStats({ conn, _monitorStats: true }, async () => sample);
+  const before = readSharedStats(conn);
+  cacheFullGpuStats(conn, {
+    gpu: 42,
+    gpuName: "NVIDIA cached",
+    gpuMemUsed: 1,
+    gpuMemTotal: 2,
+  });
+  const after = readSharedStats(conn);
+  assert.equal(after.result.stats.gpu, 42);
+  assert.equal(after.result.stats.cpu, 12);
+  assert.equal(after.at, before.at);
+  assert.deepEqual(after.points, before.points);
+});
+test("stopping GPU work before channel-open closes the late channel without disconnecting SSH", async () => {
+  let callback,
+    closed = 0,
+    disconnected = 0;
+  const conn = {
+    exec(_command, cb) {
+      callback = cb;
+    },
+    end() {
+      disconnected++;
+    },
+  };
+  startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, "gpu");
+  await tick();
+  require("./sharedStats.cjs").cancelSharedStats(conn);
+  const late = stream();
+  late.close = () => closed++;
+  callback(null, late);
+  await tick();
+  assert.ok(closed > 0);
+  assert.equal(disconnected, 0);
+});
+
+test("optional GPU channel-open timeout neither disconnects SSH nor stacks repeated open requests", async () => {
+  let callback,
+    fireTimer,
+    calls = 0,
+    disconnected = 0,
+    closed = 0;
+  const conn = {
+    exec(_command, cb) {
+      calls++;
+      callback = cb;
+    },
+    end() {
+      disconnected++;
+    },
+    destroy() {
+      disconnected++;
+    },
+  };
+  startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, "gpu", {
+    setTimeoutFn: (fn) => {
+      fireTimer = fn;
+      return 1;
+    },
+    clearTimeoutFn: () => {},
+  });
+  await tick();
+  fireTimer();
+  await tick();
+  assert.equal(
+    disconnected,
+    0,
+    "optional channel timeout must leave the shared transport intact",
+  );
+  startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, "gpu");
+  await tick();
+  assert.equal(calls, 1, "one unresolved GPU open per transport at most");
+  const late = stream();
+  late.close = () => closed++;
+  callback(null, late);
+  await tick();
+  assert.ok(closed > 0);
+});

electron/bridges/sshBridge/sessionOps.cjs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /* eslint-disable no-undef */
 const { sampleSharedStats } = require("./sharedStats.cjs");
+const { GPU_ASSIGNMENT, parseGpuStats, withCachedMonitorGpu, cacheFullGpuStats, startMonitorGpuProbe } = require("./monitorGpuStats.cjs");
 const { executeBoundedSshCommand } = require("../boundedSshExec.cjs");
 const { listInteractiveShellPids } = require("../sshInteractiveShells.cjs");
 function extraExecUnsupportedError(session) {
@@ -1066,7 +1067,18 @@ function createSessionOpsApi(ctx) {
     }
 
     async function getStatsForContext(session, event, sessionId) {
-      return sampleSharedStats(session, (context) => collectServerStats(context, event, sessionId));
+      const result = await sampleSharedStats(session, (context) => collectServerStats(context, event, sessionId));
+      const conn = session.conn || session.moshStatsConn || session.etStatsConn;
+      if (!conn || !result.success || !result.stats) return result;
+      if (!session._monitorStats) {
+        cacheFullGpuStats(conn, result.stats);
+        return result;
+      }
+      if (!session.singleChannelSsh) {
+        const command = withPosixRemoteWatchdog(`if [ "$(uname -s 2>/dev/null)" = "Linux" ]; then ${GPU_ASSIGNMENT}; echo "GPU:$gpustat"; fi`, 2500);
+        startMonitorGpuProbe(conn, command, {setTimeoutFn:setTimeout,clearTimeoutFn:clearTimeout});
+      }
+      return withCachedMonitorGpu(conn, result);
     }
 
     async function collectServerStats(session, event, sessionId) {
@@ -1199,7 +1211,7 @@ function createSessionOpsApi(ctx) {
         `uptime=$(awk -v n="$nowsec" -v b="$bootsec" 'BEGIN{if(n>0&&b>0)printf "%.0f",n-b}')`,
         `loadavg=$(sysctl -n vm.loadavg 2>/dev/null | tr -d '{}' | awk '{print $1" "$2" "$3"}')`,
         `echo "CPU:$cpupct|CORES:$cores|MEMINFO:$memtotal $memfree 0 $memcached $swaptotal $swapfree|PROCS:$procs|DISKS:$disks|NET:$net|HOST:$hostname_value|OS:$osname|KERNEL:$kernel|UPTIME:$uptime|LOAD:$loadavg"`,
-      ].filter(command => !session._monitorStats || (!command.startsWith('procs=') && !command.startsWith('gpustat='))).join('; ');
+      ].filter(command => !session._monitorStats || !command.startsWith('procs=')).join('; ');
 
       // Prefer df's filesystem type column so FUSE mounts can be identified
       // even when their source name looks like an ordinary remote path.
@@ -1302,7 +1314,7 @@ function createSessionOpsApi(ctx) {
         // Bound GPU queries independently so a stuck driver cannot stop CPU/memory
         // polling. Hosts without timeout also omit this optional metric.
         // macOS is skipped: powermetrics needs root, which stats must not.
-        `gpustat=$(gpucsv=$(timeout -s KILL 2 nvidia-smi --query-gpu=utilization.gpu,memory.used,memory.total,name --format=csv,noheader,nounits 2>/dev/null) && printf '%s\\n' "$gpucsv" | awk -F', *' 'NF >= 4 {g++; if($1 ~ /^[0-9]+$/) {n++; u+=$1} if($2 ~ /^[0-9]+$/) {mu+=$2; uc++} if($3 ~ /^[0-9]+$/) {mt+=$3; tc++} if(name=="") name=$4} END{if(n>0) printf "%.0f %s %s %s", u/n, (uc==g ? sprintf("%.0f",mu) : "N/A"), (tc==g ? sprintf("%.0f",mt) : "N/A"), name}' 2>/dev/null || echo "")`,
+        GPU_ASSIGNMENT,
         // Output all stats (using CPURAW and PERCORERAW instead of CPU and PERCORE)
         `echo "CPURAW:$cpuraw|CORES:$cores|PERCORERAW:$percoreraw|MEMINFO:$meminfo|PROCS:$procs|NET:$net|GPU:$gpustat|HOST:$hostname_value|OS:$osname|KERNEL:$kernel|UPTIME:$uptime|LOAD:$loadavg"`
       ].filter(command => !session._monitorStats || (!command.startsWith('procs=') && !command.startsWith('gpustat='))).join('; ');
@@ -1364,6 +1376,12 @@ function createSessionOpsApi(ctx) {
       const pingLatencyPromise = sshStatsConn && !pingDisabled && typeof measureSshPingLatency === 'function'
         ? Promise.resolve(measureSshPingLatency(sshStatsConn)).catch(() => null)
         : Promise.resolve(null);
+      // Observe the exec acknowledgement already needed for this sample. This
+      // remains available when global-request keepalives are disabled, without
+      // sending another ping or opening an additional channel/connection.
+      // Keep it separate from the transport RTT: channel setup also includes
+      // remote processing, and shared terminal readers must retain that distinction.
+      let responseLatencyMs = null;
       const formatStatsError = (error) => (
         error?.code === "SSH_EXEC_OPEN_TIMEOUT" || error?.code === "SSH_EXEC_RUN_TIMEOUT"
           ? "Timeout getting server stats"
@@ -1379,7 +1397,13 @@ function createSessionOpsApi(ctx) {
         };
         void (async () => {
           try {
-            const { stdout } = await executeStatsCommand(statsCommand);
+            const responseStartedAt = performance.now();
+            const { stdout } = await executeStatsCommand(statsCommand, {
+              ...statsExecOptions,
+              onStream: () => {
+                if (sshStatsConn) responseLatencyMs = Math.max(0, Math.round(performance.now() - responseStartedAt));
+              },
+            });
             if (settled) return;
             let combinedStdout = String(stdout || '').trim();
             const primaryOutput = combinedStdout.replace(new RegExp(`^${latencyMarker}\\|?`), '');
@@ -1555,27 +1579,7 @@ function createSessionOpsApi(ctx) {
                   }
                 }
               } else if (part.startsWith('GPU:')) {
-                // Linux: "<avgUtil> <sumMemUsed> <sumMemTotal> <first GPU name>"
-                const gpuStr = part.substring(4).trim();
-                if (gpuStr && gpuStr !== '') {
-                  const gpuFields = gpuStr.split(/\s+/);
-                  const util = parseInt(gpuFields[0], 10);
-                  if (!isNaN(util)) {
-                    gpu = Math.min(100, Math.max(0, util));
-                    if (gpuFields.length >= 2) {
-                      const memUsed = parseInt(gpuFields[1], 10);
-                      if (!isNaN(memUsed)) gpuMemUsed = memUsed;
-                    }
-                    if (gpuFields.length >= 3) {
-                      const memTotal = parseInt(gpuFields[2], 10);
-                      if (!isNaN(memTotal)) gpuMemTotal = memTotal;
-                    }
-                    if (gpuFields.length >= 4) {
-                      const name = gpuFields.slice(3).join(' ').trim();
-                      if (name) gpuName = name;
-                    }
-                  }
-                }
+                ({gpu,gpuName,gpuMemUsed,gpuMemTotal}=parseGpuStats(part));
               } else if (part.startsWith('HOST:')) {
                 hostname = part.substring(5).trim();
               } else if (part.startsWith('OS:')) {
@@ -1744,6 +1748,7 @@ function createSessionOpsApi(ctx) {
                 netRxSpeed,    // Total network receive speed (bytes/sec)
                 netTxSpeed,    // Total network transmit speed (bytes/sec)
                 latencyMs,      // SSH transport ping on the existing session (ms); never a second TCP dial (#3630)
+                responseLatencyMs, // Existing stats exec acknowledgement (ms), including remote channel setup
                 netInterfaces, // Per-interface network stats
                 hostname,
                 osName,

electron/bridges/sshBridge/sessionOps.serverStats.test.cjs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 const test = require("node:test");
 const assert = require("node:assert/strict");
-const { spawnSync } = require("node:child_process");
+const { spawn, spawnSync } = require("node:child_process");
 const { EventEmitter } = require("node:events");
 const { mkdtempSync, writeFileSync, rmSync } = require("node:fs");
 const { join } = require("node:path");
@@ -682,7 +682,8 @@ for (const scenario of [
   { name: "missing timeout tool", script: "exec sleep 20", gpu: null, noTimeout: true },
   { name: "blocked GPU query", script: "trap '' TERM; exec sleep 20", gpu: null },
 ]) {
-  test(`real stats shell preserves other metrics with ${scenario.name}`, async (t) => {
+  for (const monitorOnly of [false, true]) {
+  test(`real stats shell preserves other metrics with ${scenario.name} (${monitorOnly ? "monitor-only" : "terminal"})`, async (t) => {
     if (spawnSync("timeout", ["-s", "KILL", "2", "true"]).status !== 0) {
       t.skip("GNU/BusyBox-compatible timeout is unavailable on this test host");
       return;
@@ -690,11 +691,17 @@ for (const scenario of [
     const dir = mkdtempSync(getTempFilePath("gpu-stats-"));
     t.after(() => rmSync(dir, { recursive: true, force: true }));
     writeFileSync(join(dir, "nvidia-smi"), `#!/bin/sh\n${scenario.script}\n`, { mode: 0o755 });
+    let finishGpu;
+    const gpuDone = new Promise(resolve => {finishGpu = resolve;});
+    let gpuCalls = 0;
     const sessions = new Map([["sid", {
       type: "ssh",
+      _monitorStats: monitorOnly,
       conn: {
         exec(command, cb) {
-          const execution = spawnSync("sh", ["-c", [
+          const gpuOnly = !command.includes("NC_LATENCY_MARK") && command.includes("nvidia-smi");
+          if(gpuOnly) gpuCalls++;
+          const child = spawn("sh", ["-c", [
             "uname() { printf '%s\\n' Linux; }",
             "nproc() { printf '%s\\n' 4; }",
             "top() { return 1; }",
@@ -703,22 +710,39 @@ for (const scenario of [
               ? unwrapExecShC(command).replace("timeout -s KILL 2 nvidia-smi", "nc_missing_timeout -s KILL 2 nvidia-smi")
               : unwrapExecShC(command),
           ].join("\n")], {
-            encoding: "utf8",
             env: { ...process.env, PATH: `${dir}:${process.env.PATH}` },
-            timeout: 7000,
           });
-          assert.equal(execution.status, 0, execution.stderr);
-          cb(null, fakeStream(execution.stdout));
+          let stdout="", stderr="";
+          child.stdout.on("data", data => {stdout+=data;});
+          child.stderr.on("data", data => {stderr+=data;});
+          child.on("error", cb);
+          child.on("close", code => {
+            assert.equal(code,0,stderr);
+            cb(null,fakeStream(stdout));
+            if(gpuOnly)finishGpu();
+          });
         },
       },
     }]]);
-    const result = await makeSessionOps(sessions).getServerStats({ sender: {} }, { sessionId: "sid" });
+    const api=makeSessionOps(sessions);
+    const sampleStarted=Date.now();
+    let result = await api.getServerStats({ sender: {} }, { sessionId: "sid" });
+    if(monitorOnly){
+      if(scenario.name === "blocked GPU query")assert.ok(Date.now()-sampleStarted<1500,"a hung GPU must not add its two-second timeout to CPU samples");
+      // Main readings arrive independently, before the optional GPU query ends.
+      assert.equal(result.stats.gpu,null);
+      await gpuDone;
+      await new Promise(resolve=>setImmediate(()=>setImmediate(resolve)));
+      result=await api.getServerStats({sender:{}},{sessionId:"sid"});
+      assert.equal(gpuCalls,1,"cached GPU fields must not open another probe");
+    }
     assert.equal(result.success, true);
     assert.equal(result.stats.cpuCores, 4);
     assert.equal(result.stats.gpu, scenario.gpu);
     assert.equal(result.stats.gpuMemUsed, scenario.used ?? null);
     assert.equal(result.stats.gpuMemTotal, scenario.total ?? null);
   });
+  }
 }
 
 test("getServerStats measures latency by pinging the stats connection", async () => {
@@ -1406,6 +1430,7 @@ for (const keepaliveInterval of [0, 10000]) {
     assert.equal(result.success, true);
     assert.equal(pingCalls, keepaliveInterval === 0 ? 0 : 1);
     assert.equal(result.stats.latencyMs, keepaliveInterval === 0 ? null : 2);
+    assert.equal(Number.isFinite(result.stats.responseLatencyMs), true);
   });
 }
 
@@ -1449,3 +1474,25 @@ test("real macOS stats shell parses the root disk without broken awk escaping",
   assert.equal(result.stats.disks[0].capacityKey, "apfs:/dev/disk3");
   assert.equal(result.stats.diskPercent, 50);
 });
+
+test("monitor CPU samples return while an optional GPU driver is still blocked", async () => {
+  let finishGpu, gpuCalls = 0, result;
+  const c = {exec(command, callback) {
+    if (command.includes('nvidia-smi')) {
+      gpuCalls++;
+      finishGpu = () => callback(null, fakeStream('GPU:50 1024 8192 NVIDIA test'));
+    } else callback(null, fakeStream(selectServerStatsFixtureOutput(command, LINUX_STATS)));
+  }};
+  const api = makeSessionOps(new Map());
+  const pending=api.getStatsForContext({conn:c,_monitorStats:true,_monitorIntervalMs:1}).then(value=>{result=value;});
+  try {
+    for(let i=0;i<10;i++)await new Promise(resolve=>setImmediate(resolve));
+    assert.ok(result?.success, 'CPU and memory must not wait for the GPU probe');
+    assert.equal(result.stats.memTotal,8000);
+    assert.equal(gpuCalls,1);
+  } finally {
+    finishGpu?.();
+    require("./sharedStats.cjs").cancelSharedStats(c);
+    await pending;
+  }
+});

electron/bridges/sshBridge/sharedStats.cjs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 "use strict";
 // One in-memory sampler per physical authenticated transport. No persistence/logging.
+const { withCachedMonitorGpu, cancelMonitorGpuProbe, monitorGpuUpdatedAt } = require("./monitorGpuStats.cjs");
 const { buildEndpointKey } = require("../sshConnectionPool.cjs");
 let states = new WeakMap();
 const identities = new Map();
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ async function sampleSharedStats(session, collect, now = Date.now()) {
         appendPoint(state, result, state.at, session._monitorFreshAfter);
       return result;
     }
-    // A terminal needs process/GPU fields omitted from a monitor-only query.
+    // A terminal needs process and GPU fields omitted from a monitor-only query.
     // Finish the shared lightweight query, then upgrade once for all full readers.
     await state.pending;
     return sampleSharedStats(session, collect);
@@ -156,9 +157,10 @@ function readSharedStats(conn) {
   const state = stateFor(conn);
   if (state.points[0] && Date.now() - state.points[0].at > 30 * 60000)
     state.points = state.points.filter((p) => Date.now() - p.at <= 30 * 60000);
-  return { result: state.latest, at: state.at, points: state.points };
+  return { result: state.latestFull ? state.latest : withCachedMonitorGpu(conn, state.latest), at: state.at, statsAt: Math.max(state.at, monitorGpuUpdatedAt(conn)), points: state.points };
 }
 function cancelSharedStats(conn) {
+  cancelMonitorGpuProbe(conn);
   const state = states.get(conn);
   if (state && !state.terminalJoined) state.controller?.abort();
 }

electron/bridges/sshBridge/sshPingLatency.live.test.cjs

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ for (const keepaliveInterval of [10000, 0]) {
         assert.equal(forwardPort, 43210);
         if (keepaliveInterval > 0) assert.equal(Number.isFinite(stats.stats.latencyMs), true);
         else assert.equal(stats.stats.latencyMs, null);
+        assert.equal(Number.isFinite(stats.stats.responseLatencyMs), true);
         await new Promise((resolve, reject) => conn.unforwardIn("127.0.0.1", forwardPort,
           (err) => err ? reject(err) : resolve()));
       }

electron/hostBrowser/hostBrowser.renderer.live.test.cjs

@@ -35,11 +35,24 @@ async function capture(file, selector) {
   fs.writeFileSync(file, (await owner.webContents.capturePage(bounds)).toPNG());
 }
 async function click(selector) {
+  // Electron requires native focus before sendInputEvent can deliver a click.
+  app.focus({ steal: true }); owner.focus(); owner.webContents.focus();
+  await until(() => owner.isFocused(), true, 'acceptance window has native focus for click');
   const rect = await run(`(() => { const element = document.querySelector(${JSON.stringify(selector)}); element?.scrollIntoView({block:'nearest'}); const r = element?.getBoundingClientRect(); return r && {x:r.x+r.width/2,y:r.y+r.height/2}; })()`);
   assert.ok(rect, `missing ${selector}`);
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'mouseMove', x: Math.round(rect.x), y: Math.round(rect.y) });
+  await run('new Promise(resolve => requestAnimationFrame(resolve))');
   for (const type of ['mouseDown', 'mouseUp']) owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type, button: 'left', clickCount: 1, x: Math.round(rect.x), y: Math.round(rect.y) });
   await run('new Promise(resolve => requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(resolve)))');
 }
+async function pressEscape() {
+  app.focus({ steal: true }); owner.focus(); owner.webContents.focus();
+  await until(() => owner.isFocused(), true, 'acceptance window has native focus for Escape');
+  await run('new Promise(resolve => requestAnimationFrame(resolve))');
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Escape' });
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyUp', keyCode: 'Escape' });
+  await run('new Promise(resolve => requestAnimationFrame(() => requestAnimationFrame(resolve)))');
+}
 async function input(selector, value) {
   await until(() => run(`!!document.querySelector(${JSON.stringify(selector)})`), true, `input exists: ${selector}`);
   await run(`(() => { const element = document.querySelector(${JSON.stringify(selector)}); Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(HTMLInputElement.prototype,'value').set.call(element,${JSON.stringify(value)}); element.dispatchEvent(new Event('input',{bubbles:true})); })()`);
@@ -93,6 +106,65 @@ async function main() {
   assert.ok(root); assert.equal(root.children.length, 1, 'only the website is a separate native view');
   const page = root.children[0].webContents;
   await page.executeJavaScript("document.getElementById('draft').value='Unsaved browser input'");
+  // A visible but stationary browser must not spend every frame reading the
+  // whole renderer. Settle startup/FontFaceSet work before observing idle time.
+  await wait(300);
+  const assertIdleLayout = async () => {
+    await run(`(() => {
+      const query=document.querySelector.bind(document),queryAll=document.querySelectorAll.bind(document),style=getComputedStyle;
+      window.layoutReads={queries:0,styles:0};
+      document.querySelector=(...args)=>{window.layoutReads.queries++;return query(...args)};
+      document.querySelectorAll=(...args)=>{window.layoutReads.queries++;return queryAll(...args)};
+      window.getComputedStyle=(...args)=>{window.layoutReads.styles++;return style(...args)};
+      window.restoreLayoutReads=()=>{document.querySelector=query;document.querySelectorAll=queryAll;window.getComputedStyle=style;};
+    })()`);
+    await wait(250);
+    const reads=await run('window.restoreLayoutReads();window.layoutReads');
+    assert.deepEqual(reads,{queries:0,styles:0},'idle browser leaves no repeated overlay/style scans');
+  };
+  await assertIdleLayout();
+
+  // Position-only CSS motion does not fire ResizeObserver on the viewport.
+  // Follow its real animation frames, then release the frame loop again.
+  await run(`(() => {const parent=document.querySelector('[data-section=host-browser-root]').parentElement;parent.id='moving-browser-fixture';parent.style.transition='transform 300ms linear';parent.style.transform='translateX(32px)';})()`);
+  const positions=[];
+  for(let index=0;index<15;index++){await wait(25);positions.push(root.getBounds().x);}
+  assert.ok(new Set(positions).size>=4,'the native browser follows intermediate transform positions');
+  const expectedX=await run('Math.round(document.querySelector("[data-section=host-browser-panel]").getBoundingClientRect().x)');
+  assert.equal(root.getBounds().x,expectedX,'native browser reaches the final CSS position');
+  await assertIdleLayout();
+  await run('document.getElementById("moving-browser-fixture").style.transform="none"');await wait(350);
+
+  // Exercise continuous pointer-driven size updates through the same hook and
+  // native view. No application session or real SSH host is involved.
+  await run(`(() => {
+    const handle=document.createElement('div');handle.id='browser-drag-fixture';handle.style.cssText='position:fixed;left:2px;top:100px;width:8px;height:200px;z-index:99999';
+    const parent=document.getElementById('moving-browser-fixture');
+    handle.onmousedown=()=>{const move=event=>{parent.style.width=Math.max(300,event.clientX-parent.getBoundingClientRect().x)+'px'};const up=()=>{window.removeEventListener('mousemove',move);window.removeEventListener('mouseup',up)};window.addEventListener('mousemove',move);window.addEventListener('mouseup',up)};
+    document.body.append(handle);
+  })()`);
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({type:'mouseDown',button:'left',clickCount:1,x:6,y:150});
+  for(const x of [850,750,650,550]){owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({type:'mouseMove',x,y:150});await wait(30);}
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({type:'mouseUp',button:'left',clickCount:1,x:550,y:150});await wait(80);
+  const expectedWidth=await run('Math.round(document.querySelector("[data-section=host-browser-panel]").getBoundingClientRect().width)');
+  assert.equal(root.getBounds().width,expectedWidth,'drag-driven viewport width reaches the native browser');
+  assert.ok(expectedWidth<600,'the pointer drag actually resized the fixture');
+  await run('document.getElementById("moving-browser-fixture").style.width="";document.getElementById("browser-drag-fixture").remove()');await wait(100);
+
+  await run('document.documentElement.style.colorScheme="light";document.documentElement.style.setProperty("--background","40 70% 90%")');
+  await until(()=>manager.getPanelState(event,browserId).theme,'light','theme reaches native browser without a frame poll');
+  await run('document.documentElement.style.colorScheme="dark";document.documentElement.style.setProperty("--background","210 25% 18%")');
+  await until(()=>manager.getPanelState(event,browserId).theme,'dark','theme restores');
+  await run(`document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<div id="modal-layout-fixture" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" style="position:fixed;left:0;top:0;width:1px;height:1px"></div>')`);
+  await until(()=>owner.contentView.children.includes(root),false,'modal beside the viewport still covers native content');
+  await run('document.getElementById("modal-layout-fixture").remove()');
+  await until(()=>owner.contentView.children.includes(root),true,'closing modal restores native content');
+  await run(`document.body.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend','<div id="lock-layout-fixture" data-app-lock-overlay></div>')`);
+  await until(()=>owner.contentView.children.includes(root),false,'app lock hides native content');
+  await run('document.getElementById("lock-layout-fixture").remove()');
+  await until(()=>owner.contentView.children.includes(root),true,'unlock restores native content');
+  assert.equal(await page.executeJavaScript("document.getElementById('draft').value"),'Unsaved browser input');
+
   for (let index = 0; index < 2; index++) {
     app.focus({ steal: true });
     owner.focus(); owner.webContents.focus();
@@ -110,7 +182,7 @@ async function main() {
     assert.equal(owner.contentView.children.includes(root), false, 'the split menu is above the native content');
     await click(`#choice-${index}-0`);
     await until(() => run(`document.getElementById('choice-${index}-0').dataset.chosen`), 'true', 'split menu choices are clickable');
-    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Escape' });
+    await pressEscape();
     owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'mouseMove', x: 980, y: 740 });
     await until(() => owner.contentView.children.includes(root), true, 'closing menu restores live content');
     assert.equal(await page.executeJavaScript("document.getElementById('draft').value"), 'Unsaved browser input');
@@ -204,7 +276,7 @@ async function main() {
   await until(() => owner.contentView.children.includes(root), true, 'bookmark navigation attaches the website again');
   await click('[aria-label="下载"]');
   await until(() => run('document.body.textContent.includes("暂无下载")'), true, 'downloads use the app popover');
-  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Escape' });
+  await pressEscape();
   fs.writeFileSync(path.join(downloadsPath, 'report.txt'), 'Keep the existing file');
   const activePage = root.children[0].webContents;
   await activePage.executeJavaScript("document.getElementById('download').click()");
@@ -218,15 +290,15 @@ async function main() {
   await until(() => fs.existsSync(savedCopy), true, 'Save as writes a separate copy');
   assert.equal(fs.readFileSync(savedCopy, 'utf8'), 'Netcatty automatic download\n');
   assert.equal(fs.existsSync(path.join(downloadsPath, 'report (1).txt')), true, 'Save as retains the original downloaded file');
-  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Escape' });
+  await pressEscape();
   await click('[title="在文件夹中显示"]');
   assert.deepEqual(shellActions.at(-1), ['reveal', path.join(downloadsPath, 'report (1).txt')]);
   await click('[aria-label="打开下载文件夹"]');
   assert.deepEqual(shellActions.at(-1), ['open', downloadsPath]);
-  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Escape' });
+  await pressEscape();
   await activePage.executeJavaScript("document.getElementById('download').click()");
   await until(() => run('document.body.textContent.includes("report (2).txt") && document.querySelectorAll("[data-download-id]").length === 2'), true, 'a second download also gets a new name and reopens the list');
-  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Escape' });
+  await pressEscape();
   activePage.downloadURL(`${url}slow.bin`);
   await until(() => run('!!document.querySelector("[aria-label=取消下载]") && document.body.textContent.includes("正在下载")'), true, 'progress is visible while the server is still sending the file');
   await until(() => !owner.contentView.children.includes(root), true, 'the progress popover has acquired the webpage surface');
@@ -237,7 +309,7 @@ async function main() {
   await click('[aria-label="下载"]');
   await click('[aria-label="取消下载"]');
   await until(() => run('document.body.textContent.includes("已取消")'), true, 'download can be cancelled from the list');
-  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Escape' });
+  await pressEscape();
   await activePage.executeJavaScript("(() => { const a=document.createElement('a');a.href='/inline.pdf';document.body.append(a);a.click();a.remove(); })()");
   await until(() => run('document.body.textContent.includes("慢速报告.pdf") && !!document.querySelector("[aria-label=取消下载]") && document.body.textContent.includes("正在下载")'), true, 'inline PDF navigation opens progress before the response finishes');
   assert.equal(pendingPdf.writableEnded, false, 'the server has not sent the rest of the PDF');
@@ -246,7 +318,7 @@ async function main() {
   await capture(pdfProgressScreenshot);
   await click('[aria-label="取消下载"]');
   await until(() => pendingPdf.destroyed, true, 'cancelling an inline PDF stops the network transfer');
-  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Escape' });
+  await pressEscape();
   pendingPdf = undefined;
   await input('[aria-label="输入网址"]', `${url}inline.pdf`);
   await run('document.querySelector("[aria-label=输入网址]").form.requestSubmit()');
@@ -258,11 +330,19 @@ async function main() {
   assert.equal(await run('document.body.textContent.includes("ERR_FAILED")'), false, 'address-bar downloads do not show a false page error');
   const downloadScreenshot=path.join(userData,'automatic-downloads.png');
   await capture(downloadScreenshot);
-  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'Escape' });
+  // Close the list through its own trigger before testing independent
+  // navigation focus. A prior Escape may leave the baseline list open.
+  await click('[aria-label="下载"]');
+  await until(() => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-radix-popper-content-wrapper] > [role=dialog]")'), false, 'download list is closed before starting navigation');
   await input('[aria-label="输入网址"]', `${url}slow-page`);
   await run('document.querySelector("[aria-label=输入网址]").form.requestSubmit()');
   await until(() => !!pendingNavigation, true, 'slow navigation is waiting for its response to finish');
-  await click('[aria-label="新标签页"]');
+  assert.equal(activePage.isLoading(), true, 'the response remains unfinished while switching tabs');
+  // Exercise the native page shortcut while its response remains unfinished.
+  // The new-tab button is covered above with the same real mouse input helper.
+  activePage.focus();
+  activePage.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyDown', keyCode: 'T', modifiers: [process.platform === 'darwin' ? 'meta' : 'control'] });
+  activePage.sendInputEvent({ type: 'keyUp', keyCode: 'T', modifiers: [process.platform === 'darwin' ? 'meta' : 'control'] });
   await until(() => run('document.activeElement.getAttribute("aria-label")'), '输入网址', 'new tab receives input focus while the previous page is loading');
   await input('[aria-label="输入网址"]', 'keep my address draft');
   pendingNavigation.end();
@@ -289,7 +369,7 @@ async function main() {
   const screenshot = path.join(userData, 'unified-browser.png');
   fs.writeFileSync(screenshot, (await owner.webContents.capturePage()).toPNG());
   assert.deepEqual(errors, [], 'no renderer errors');
-  console.log(JSON.stringify({ ok: true, rendererChrome: true, hoverKeepsPageLive: true, splitMenusClickable: true, tabs: true, addressAndHistory: true, shortcuts: true, bookmarks: true, iconUpload: true, imageResize: true, imageReplaceAndRemove: true, editPersistence: true, downloads: true, automaticDownloads: true, duplicateNames: true, saveAs: true, downloadProgressAndCancel: true, inlinePdfProgressAndCancel: true, hiddenRestore: true, narrowLayout: true, locales: 5, screenshot, editorScreenshot, editorTextScreenshot, downloadScreenshot, pdfProgressScreenshot }));
+  console.log(JSON.stringify({ ok: true, rendererChrome: true, idleLayout: true, animatedLayout: true, dragLayout: true, themeLayout: true, modalAndLockLayout: true, hoverKeepsPageLive: true, splitMenusClickable: true, tabs: true, addressAndHistory: true, shortcuts: true, bookmarks: true, iconUpload: true, imageResize: true, imageReplaceAndRemove: true, editPersistence: true, downloads: true, automaticDownloads: true, duplicateNames: true, saveAs: true, downloadProgressAndCancel: true, inlinePdfProgressAndCancel: true, hiddenRestore: true, narrowLayout: true, locales: 5, screenshot, editorScreenshot, editorTextScreenshot, downloadScreenshot, pdfProgressScreenshot }));
 }
 app.whenReady().then(main).catch(async (error) => { console.error(error); if (owner && !owner.isDestroyed()) { const screenshot=path.join(userData,'failure.png'); fs.writeFileSync(screenshot,(await owner.webContents.capturePage()).toPNG()); console.error(screenshot); } process.exitCode = 1; }).finally(async () => {
   clearTimeout(watchdog);

infrastructure/ai/harness/agentEventAdapter.ts

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export interface CattyStreamChunk {
   stepNumber?: number;
 }
 
-const STEP_HANDLE_NOTICE_RE = /^\[step \d+\] Tool output handles available:/;
+const STEP_HANDLE_NOTICE_RE = /^(?:\[step \d+\] Tool output handles available:|\[Tool output handles available:)/;
 
 function isStepHandleNoticeMessage(content: unknown): boolean {
   return typeof content === 'string' && STEP_HANDLE_NOTICE_RE.test(content);

infrastructure/ai/harness/cattyPromptCache.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import { CattyTurnDriver } from './turnDrivers/cattyTurnDriver';
+import { ToolOutputStore } from './toolOutputStore';
+import { ToolResultDedup } from './toolResultDedup';
+import { SessionStateStore } from './sessionState';
+import type { CattyTurnInput, TurnDriverContext } from './turnDrivers/types';
+import type { AgentEvent } from './types';
+import type { AISession, ChatMessage, ProviderConfig } from '../types';
+
+interface WireMessage {
+  role: string;
+  content: unknown;
+}
+
+interface WireRequest {
+  messages: WireMessage[];
+  tools?: unknown[];
+  system?: Array<{ type: string; text: string; cache_control?: unknown }>;
+}
+
+type Reply = { tool: 'terminal_execute' | 'sftp_read_file' } | { text: string };
+
+function fixture(t: test.TestContext, replies: Reply[], style: 'openai' | 'anthropic' = 'openai', terminalOutput = 'small output') {
+  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
+  const originalRaf = globalThis.requestAnimationFrame;
+  const originalCancelRaf = globalThis.cancelAnimationFrame;
+  t.after(() => {
+    globalThis.window = originalWindow;
+    globalThis.requestAnimationFrame = originalRaf;
+    globalThis.cancelAnimationFrame = originalCancelRaf;
+  });
+  globalThis.requestAnimationFrame = callback => setTimeout(() => callback(0), 0) as unknown as number;
+  globalThis.cancelAnimationFrame = id => clearTimeout(id);
+
+  const requests: WireRequest[] = [];
+  const urls: string[] = [];
+  const events: AgentEvent[] = [];
+  const messages: ChatMessage[] = [];
+  const data = new Map<string, (value: string) => void>();
+  const end = new Map<string, () => void>();
+  const bridge = {
+    aiSetChatSessionCancelled: async () => ({ ok: true }),
+    aiMcpUpdateSessions: async () => undefined,
+    aiExec: async () => ({ ok: true, stdout: terminalOutput, stderr: '', exitCode: 0 }),
+    aiCapability: async (_method: string, params: Record<string, unknown>) => ({
+      ok: true,
+      path: params.path,
+      content: Array.from({ length: 2000 }, (_, i) => `log ${i}: synthetic ${String(params.path)}`).join('\n'),
+    }),
+    onAiStreamData: (id: string, callback: (value: string) => void) => {
+      data.set(id, callback);
+      return () => { data.delete(id); };
+    },
+    onAiStreamEnd: (id: string, callback: () => void) => {
+      end.set(id, callback);
+      return () => { end.delete(id); };
+    },
+    onAiStreamError: () => () => undefined,
+    aiChatCancel: async () => true,
+    aiChatStream: async (id: string, url: string, _headers: Record<string, string>, body: string) => {
+      urls.push(url);
+      requests.push(JSON.parse(body) as WireRequest);
+      const reply = replies[requests.length - 1];
+      assert.ok(reply, 'unexpected model request');
+      const send = (chunk: unknown) => data.get(id)?.(JSON.stringify(chunk));
+      if (style === 'anthropic') {
+        send({ type: 'message_start', message: {
+          id: `response-${requests.length}`, type: 'message', role: 'assistant', model: 'claude-sonnet-4-5',
+          content: [], stop_reason: null, stop_sequence: null,
+          usage: { input_tokens: 100, output_tokens: 0, cache_read_input_tokens: 900, cache_creation_input_tokens: 0 },
+        } });
+        send({ type: 'content_block_start', index: 0, content_block: { type: 'text', text: '' } });
+        send({ type: 'content_block_delta', index: 0, delta: { type: 'text_delta', text: 'OK' } });
+        send({ type: 'content_block_stop', index: 0 });
+        send({ type: 'message_delta', delta: { stop_reason: 'end_turn', stop_sequence: null }, usage: { output_tokens: 1 } });
+        send({ type: 'message_stop' });
+      } else {
+        const toolReply = 'tool' in reply;
+        const delta = toolReply ? {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          tool_calls: [{ index: 0, id: `call-${requests.length}`, type: 'function', function: {
+            name: reply.tool,
+            arguments: JSON.stringify(reply.tool === 'terminal_execute'
+              ? { sessionId: 'terminal-1', command: `printf audit-${requests.length}` }
+              : { sessionId: 'terminal-1', path: `/fixture/log-${requests.length}` }),
+          } }],
+        } : { role: 'assistant', content: reply.text };
+        send({ id: 'response', object: 'chat.completion.chunk', created: 0, model: 'test-model',
+          choices: [{ index: 0, delta, finish_reason: null }] });
+        send({ id: 'response', object: 'chat.completion.chunk', created: 0, model: 'test-model',
+          choices: [{ index: 0, delta: {}, finish_reason: toolReply ? 'tool_calls' : 'stop' }] });
+        send({ id: 'response', object: 'chat.completion.chunk', created: 0, model: 'test-model', choices: [],
+          usage: { prompt_tokens: 1000, completion_tokens: 1, total_tokens: 1001,
+            prompt_cache_hit_tokens: 900, prompt_cache_miss_tokens: 100 } });
+        data.get(id)?.('[DONE]');
+      }
+      end.get(id)?.();
+      return { ok: true, statusCode: 200 };
+    },
+  };
+  globalThis.window = { netcatty: bridge } as unknown as Window & typeof globalThis;
+  const store = new ToolOutputStore();
+  const dedup = new ToolResultDedup();
+  const state = new SessionStateStore();
+  const provider: ProviderConfig = {
+    id: 'fixture', providerId: 'custom', name: 'Fixture', enabled: true, style,
+    defaultModel: style === 'anthropic' ? 'claude-sonnet-4-5' : 'test-model',
+    baseURL: style === 'anthropic' ? 'https://api.anthropic.com' : 'https://provider.example.test/v1', apiKey: 'not-a-real-key',
+  };
+  let turnNumber = 0;
+  return {
+    requests, urls, events, messages, provider,
+    async turn(maxIterations = 1) {
+      turnNumber += 1;
+      const history = structuredClone(messages);
+      const userText = `Audit round ${turnNumber}`;
+      const assistantId = `assistant-${turnNumber}`;
+      messages.push({ id: `user-${turnNumber}`, role: 'user', content: userText, timestamp: turnNumber },
+        { id: assistantId, role: 'assistant', content: '', timestamp: turnNumber });
+      const currentSession: AISession = {
+        id: 'chat-1', title: 'Fixture', agentId: 'catty', scope: { type: 'terminal', targetId: 'terminal-1' },
+        createdAt: 0, updatedAt: turnNumber, messages: history,
+      };
+      const signal = new AbortController().signal;
+      const input: CattyTurnInput = {
+        backend: 'catty', chatSessionId: 'chat-1', sendScopeKey: 'chat-1', userText, signal,
+        currentSession, assistantMsgId: assistantId, maxIterations, bridge,
+        context: {
+          activeProvider: provider, activeModelId: provider.defaultModel!, scopeType: 'terminal', scopeLabel: 'Fixture',
+          globalPermissionMode: 'auto', commandBlocklist: [], autoTitleSession: () => undefined,
+          terminalSessions: [{ sessionId: 'terminal-1', hostname: 'fixture.example.test', label: 'Fixture', connected: true }],
+        },
+        ui: {
+          addMessageToSession: (_session, message) => { messages.push(message); },
+          updateMessageById: (_session, id, update) => {
+            const index = messages.findIndex(message => message.id === id);
+            if (index >= 0) messages[index] = update(messages[index]);
+          },
+          updateLastMessage: () => undefined,
+          reportStreamError: (_session, _signal, error) => { throw error; },
+          setStreamingForScope: () => undefined,
+        },
+      };
+      const context: TurnDriverContext = {
+        turnId: `turn-${turnNumber}`, chatSessionId: 'chat-1', sessionId: 'chat-1', backend: 'catty', signal,
+        emit: event => { events.push({
+          ...event, sessionId: 'chat-1', chatSessionId: 'chat-1', backend: 'catty', timestamp: Date.now(),
+        } as AgentEvent); }, toolOutputStore: store, toolResultDedup: dedup, sessionStateStore: state,
+      };
+      dedup.beginTurn();
+      await new CattyTurnDriver().run(input, context);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function assertRequestPrefix(previous: WireRequest, next: WireRequest) {
+  assert.deepEqual(next.messages.slice(0, previous.messages.length), previous.messages,
+    'already-sent conversation must remain an exact prefix');
+  assert.deepEqual(next.tools, previous.tools);
+}
+
+test('Catty preserves the request prefix across six ordinary turns', async t => {
+  const f = fixture(t, Array.from({ length: 6 }, () => ({ text: 'OK' })));
+  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i += 1) await f.turn();
+  assert.equal(f.requests.length, 6);
+  for (let i = 1; i < f.requests.length; i += 1) assertRequestPrefix(f.requests[i - 1], f.requests[i]);
+});
+
+test('Catty replays completed small commands without rewriting their results', async t => {
+  const f = fixture(t, Array.from({ length: 6 }, () => [
+    { tool: 'terminal_execute' as const }, { text: 'OK' },
+  ]).flat());
+  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i += 1) await f.turn(2);
+  assert.equal(f.requests.length, 12);
+  for (let i = 1; i < f.requests.length; i += 1) assertRequestPrefix(f.requests[i - 1], f.requests[i]);
+  assert.equal(f.messages.at(-1)?.usage?.cachedInputTokens, 1800, 'usage includes both model steps');
+  assert.doesNotMatch(JSON.stringify(f.requests), /cache_control/, 'OpenAI-compatible requests use implicit caching');
+});
+
+test('Catty keeps large-output handles without replacing the conversation prefix', async t => {
+  const f = fixture(t, [{ tool: 'sftp_read_file' }, { tool: 'sftp_read_file' }, { text: 'OK' }]);
+  await f.turn(3);
+  assert.equal(f.requests.length, 3);
+  for (let i = 1; i < f.requests.length; i += 1) assertRequestPrefix(f.requests[i - 1], f.requests[i]);
+  assert.match(JSON.stringify(f.requests.at(-1)), /tool output handle:/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(JSON.stringify(f.requests.at(-1)), /Tool output handles available/);
+});
+
+test('Catty preserves large-output history across consecutive user turns', async t => {
+  const f = fixture(t, Array.from({ length: 6 }, () => [
+    { tool: 'sftp_read_file' as const }, { text: 'OK' },
+  ]).flat());
+  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i += 1) await f.turn(2);
+  assert.equal(f.requests.length, 12);
+  for (let i = 1; i < f.requests.length; i += 1) assertRequestPrefix(f.requests[i - 1], f.requests[i]);
+});
+
+test('Catty preserves large terminal results across consecutive user turns', async t => {
+  const f = fixture(t, Array.from({ length: 6 }, () => [
+    { tool: 'terminal_execute' as const }, { text: 'OK' },
+  ]).flat(), 'openai', Array.from({ length: 14000 }, (_, i) => `synthetic log record ${i}`).join('\n'));
+  for (let i = 0; i < 6; i += 1) await f.turn(2);
+  assert.equal(f.requests.length, 12);
+  for (let i = 1; i < f.requests.length; i += 1) assertRequestPrefix(f.requests[i - 1], f.requests[i]);
+});
+
+test('Catty keeps DeepSeek cache reads in trace and persisted assistant usage', async t => {
+  const f = fixture(t, [{ text: 'OK' }]);
+  await f.turn();
+  const event = f.events.find(event => event.type === 'usage');
+  assert.ok(event?.type === 'usage');
+  assert.equal(event.cachedPromptTokens, 900);
+  assert.equal(f.messages.at(-1)?.usage?.cachedInputTokens, 900);
+});
+
+test('Catty marks a stable Claude system block and the conversation tail for caching', async t => {
+  const f = fixture(t, [{ text: 'OK' }], 'anthropic');
+  await f.turn();
+  const system = f.requests[0].system!;
+  assert.ok(system.length >= 2, 'static and dynamic system context need separate boundaries');
+  assert.deepEqual(system[0].cache_control, { type: 'ephemeral' });
+  assert.doesNotMatch(system[0].text, /## Current Scope/);
+  assert.match(system[1].text, /## Current Scope/);
+  assert.match(JSON.stringify(f.requests[0].messages.at(-1)), /cache_control/);
+  const event = f.events.find(event => event.type === 'usage');
+  assert.ok(event?.type === 'usage');
+  assert.equal(event.cachedPromptTokens, 900);
+  assert.equal(f.messages.at(-1)?.usage?.cachedInputTokens, 900);
+});
+
+test('Catty does not send vendor cache extensions to an Anthropic-compatible gateway', async t => {
+  const f = fixture(t, [{ text: 'OK' }], 'anthropic');
+  f.provider.baseURL = 'https://gateway.example.test/anthropic';
+  await f.turn();
+  assert.equal(f.requests.length, 1);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(JSON.stringify(f.requests), /cache_control/);
+  assert.equal(f.messages.at(-1)?.content, 'OK');
+});
+
+for (const providerId of ['openrouter', 'ollama'] as const) {
+  test(`Catty respects the ${providerId} endpoint fallback with Anthropic format`, async t => {
+    const f = fixture(t, [{ text: 'OK' }], 'anthropic');
+    f.provider.providerId = providerId;
+    f.provider.baseURL = '';
+    await f.turn();
+    assert.match(f.urls[0], providerId === 'openrouter' ? /^https:\/\/openrouter\.ai\// : /^http:\/\/localhost:11434\//);
+    assert.doesNotMatch(JSON.stringify(f.requests), /cache_control/);
+    assert.equal(f.messages.at(-1)?.content, 'OK');
+  });
+}

infrastructure/ai/harness/cattyPromptCache.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import type { ModelMessage, SystemModelMessage } from 'ai';
+import type { ProviderConfig } from '../types';
+
+const CACHE_CONTROL = { type: 'ephemeral' } as const;
+
+/** Native Anthropic needs explicit breakpoints; implicit-cache protocols stay untouched. */
+export function createCattyPromptCache(
+  systemPrompt: string,
+  provider: string,
+  endpoint?: Pick<ProviderConfig, 'baseURL'>,
+) {
+  let officialEndpoint = false;
+  if (endpoint) {
+    try {
+      // This must be the resolved SDK address, including vendor fallbacks.
+      // Only an unresolved URL after that step uses the SDK's native default.
+      officialEndpoint = new URL(endpoint.baseURL || 'https://api.anthropic.com').origin === 'https://api.anthropic.com';
+    } catch { /* An unknown endpoint must not receive vendor extensions. */ }
+  }
+  const enabled = /^anthropic(?:\.|$)/.test(provider) && officialEndpoint;
+  const boundary = systemPrompt.indexOf('\n\n## Current Scope');
+  const instructions: string | SystemModelMessage[] = enabled
+    ? [{
+      role: 'system',
+      content: boundary < 0 ? systemPrompt : systemPrompt.slice(0, boundary),
+      providerOptions: { anthropic: { cacheControl: CACHE_CONTROL } },
+    }, ...(boundary < 0 ? [] : [{
+      role: 'system' as const,
+      content: systemPrompt.slice(boundary),
+    }])]
+    : systemPrompt;
+
+  return {
+    enabled,
+    instructions,
+    prepareMessages(messages: ModelMessage[]): ModelMessage[] {
+      if (!enabled) return messages;
+      // Keep at most two moving conversation breakpoints, plus the static
+      // system boundary. Remove our prior message-level markers as v7 carries
+      // prepared messages forward; never alter signed reasoning content.
+      const targets = new Set<number>();
+      for (let index = messages.length - 1; index >= 0 && targets.size < 2; index -= 1) {
+        if (messages[index].role === 'user' || messages[index].role === 'tool') targets.add(index);
+      }
+      return messages.map((message, index) => {
+        const existing = message.providerOptions?.anthropic;
+        if (!targets.has(index) && !existing?.cacheControl && !existing?.cache_control) return message;
+        const anthropic = { ...existing };
+        delete anthropic.cacheControl;
+        delete anthropic.cache_control;
+        if (targets.has(index)) anthropic.cacheControl = CACHE_CONTROL;
+        return { ...message, providerOptions: { ...message.providerOptions, anthropic } };
+      });
+    },
+  };
+}

infrastructure/ai/harness/cattyPromptCachePolicy.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import type { ModelMessage } from 'ai';
+import { createCattyPromptCache } from './cattyPromptCache';
+
+test('leaves implicit-cache protocols unchanged', () => {
+  for (const provider of ['openai.chat', 'openai.responses', 'google.generative-ai']) {
+    const cache = createCattyPromptCache('instructions', provider);
+    const messages: ModelMessage[] = [{ role: 'user', content: 'hello' }];
+    assert.equal(cache.instructions, 'instructions');
+    assert.equal(cache.prepareMessages(messages), messages);
+  }
+});
+
+test('Claude markers stay bounded across tool steps without changing signed reasoning', () => {
+  const cache = createCattyPromptCache('static\n\n## Current Scope\nvolatile', 'anthropic.messages', { baseURL: 'https://api.anthropic.com' });
+  const reasoning = { type: 'reasoning' as const, text: 'thinking',
+    providerOptions: { anthropic: { signature: 'signed-value' } } };
+  let messages: ModelMessage[] = [{ role: 'user', content: 'hello' }];
+  for (let step = 0; step < 30; step += 1) {
+    messages = cache.prepareMessages(messages);
+    const marked = messages.filter(message => message.providerOptions?.anthropic?.cacheControl);
+    assert.ok(marked.length <= 2);
+    messages.push({ role: 'assistant', content: [reasoning, { type: 'text', text: 'result' }] });
+    messages.push({ role: 'user', content: `next-${step}` });
+  }
+  for (const message of messages) {
+    if (message.role === 'assistant') assert.equal(message.content[0], reasoning);
+  }
+  assert.ok(Array.isArray(cache.instructions));
+  assert.deepEqual(cache.instructions[0].providerOptions?.anthropic?.cacheControl, { type: 'ephemeral' });
+});
+
+test('only the official HTTPS Anthropic endpoint enables vendor cache markers', () => {
+  for (const baseURL of ['https://proxy.example.test/v1', 'http://api.anthropic.com', 'https://api.anthropic.com.example.test', 'invalid']) {
+    const cache = createCattyPromptCache('instructions', 'anthropic.messages', { baseURL });
+    assert.equal(cache.enabled, false);
+  }
+  assert.equal(createCattyPromptCache('instructions', 'anthropic.messages').enabled, false);
+  assert.equal(createCattyPromptCache('instructions', 'anthropic.messages', {}).enabled, true);
+  assert.equal(createCattyPromptCache('instructions', 'anthropic.messages', { baseURL: 'https://api.anthropic.com/v1' }).enabled, true);
+});

infrastructure/ai/harness/contextManager.test.ts

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ test('prepareTurnContext applies typed compression before LLM summarize threshol
   assert.ok(prepared.messages.length >= messages.length);
   const serialized = JSON.stringify(prepared.messages);
   assert.match(serialized, /Fix only the upstream timeout issue/);
-  assert.match(serialized, /Permission mode: confirm/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(serialized, /Netcatty session context/);
   assert.ok(serialized.length < JSON.stringify(messages).length);
 });
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ test('TraceStore bounds compaction history independently from events', () => {
   assert.equal(store.getCompactions('chat-bounded-compactions').length, 3);
 });
 
-test('prepareStepContext replaces prior step handle notices under v7 carry-forward semantics', async () => {
+test('prepareStepContext preserves prior notices and appends only newly available handles', async () => {
   const store = new ToolOutputStore();
   store.store({
     chatSessionId: 'chat-4',
@@ -194,9 +194,22 @@ test('prepareStepContext replaces prior step handle notices under v7 carry-forwa
       && typeof message.content === 'string'
       && message.content.includes('Tool output handles available'),
   );
-  assert.equal(notices.length, 1);
-  assert.match(String(notices[0]?.content), /\[step 2\]/);
-  assert.doesNotMatch(String(notices[0]?.content), /tool-output-old/);
+  assert.equal(notices.length, 2);
+  assert.deepEqual(prepared.messages.slice(0, 2), [priorNotice, { role: 'user', content: 'continue' }]);
+  assert.equal(notices[0], priorNotice);
+  assert.match(String(notices[1]?.content), /^\[Tool output handles available:/);
+  assert.doesNotMatch(String(notices[1]?.content), /tool-output-old|\[step/);
+  assert.equal(prepared.messages.at(-1), notices[1]);
+
+  const next = await prepareStepContext({
+    messages: prepared.messages,
+    stepNumber: 3,
+    sessionId: 'chat-4',
+    chatSessionId: 'chat-4',
+    toolOutputStore: store,
+    runtimeContext,
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(next.messages, prepared.messages, 'unchanged handles need no per-step rewrite');
 });
 
 test('prepareStepContext emits step compaction trace when over budget', async () => {
@@ -266,7 +279,8 @@ test('prepareStepContext retains handle notice after step budget guard', async (
       && message.content.includes('Tool output handles available'),
   );
   assert.equal(notices.length, 1);
-  assert.match(String(notices[0]?.content), /\[step 2\]/);
+  assert.match(String(notices[0]?.content), /^\[Tool output handles available:/);
+  assert.equal(prepared.messages.at(-1), notices[0]);
 });
 
 test('prepareStepContext never leaves orphan results from a parallel tool batch', async () => {

infrastructure/ai/harness/contextManager.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import type { ModelMessage } from 'ai';
 import type { ChatMessage, AIPermissionMode } from '../types';
-import { isStepHandleNoticeMessage } from './agentEventAdapter';
 import {
   DEFAULT_CONTEXT_WINDOW_TOKENS,
   DEFAULT_PROTECT_RECENT_MESSAGES,
@@ -265,7 +264,9 @@ export async function prepareTurnContext(
   }
 
   const reinjection = buildReinjectionMessages(input.reinjection);
-  if (reinjection.length > 0 && didAdjust) {
+  // Routine output cleanup does not discard the conversation or its goals.
+  // Reinserting the latest goal at the front would invalidate every turn.
+  if (reinjection.length > 0 && didAdjust && (underBudgetPressure || didLlmSummarize)) {
     const reinjectionTokens = estimateModelMessagesTokensWithKind({
       messages: reinjection,
       providerId: input.providerId,
@@ -414,22 +415,6 @@ export async function prepareStepContext(
   const typed = compressMessagesForRequestTooLargeRetry(working);
   working = typed.messages;
 
-  const pendingHandles = input.toolOutputStore?.listPendingHandles(input.chatSessionId ?? input.sessionId) ?? [];
-  let didHandleNotice = false;
-  if (pendingHandles.length > 0 && input.stepNumber > 0) {
-    working = working.filter((message) => {
-      if (message.role !== 'user') return true;
-      const content = typeof message.content === 'string' ? message.content : '';
-      return !isStepHandleNoticeMessage(content);
-    });
-    const notice: ModelMessage = {
-      role: 'user',
-      content: `[step ${input.stepNumber}] Tool output handles available: ${pendingHandles.map(h => h.id).join(', ')}`,
-    };
-    working = [notice, ...working];
-    didHandleNotice = true;
-  }
-
   const budgetGuard = applyStepBudgetGuard(working, {
     contextWindow,
     reservedTokens: input.reservedTokens ?? 0,
@@ -438,36 +423,42 @@ export async function prepareStepContext(
     protectRecentMessages: protectRecent,
   });
   working = budgetGuard.messages;
-  if (didHandleNotice && pendingHandles.length > 0) {
-    const hasHandleNotice = working.some(
-      (message) => message.role === 'user' && isStepHandleNoticeMessage(message.content),
-    );
-    if (!hasHandleNotice) {
-      working = [{
-        role: 'user',
-        content: `[step ${input.stepNumber}] Tool output handles available: ${pendingHandles.map(h => h.id).join(', ')}`,
-      }, ...working];
-    }
-  }
-  if (didHandleNotice) {
-    const notices = working.filter(
-      message => message.role === 'user' && isStepHandleNoticeMessage(message.content),
-    );
-    const body = working.filter(
-      message => !(message.role === 'user' && isStepHandleNoticeMessage(message.content)),
-    );
+  const pendingHandles = input.stepNumber > 0
+    ? input.toolOutputStore?.listPendingHandles(input.chatSessionId ?? input.sessionId) ?? []
+    : [];
+  const unannouncedHandles = () => {
+    // Bounded tool results already carry their read handles. Announce only
+    // handles whose result was pruned, so normal history needs no transient
+    // user message that would disappear when the next turn is rebuilt.
+    const visibleContent = working.map(message => typeof message.content === 'string'
+      ? message.content : JSON.stringify(message.content));
+    return pendingHandles.filter(handle => !visibleContent.some(content => content.includes(handle.id)));
+  };
+  let didHandleNotice = false;
+  if (unannouncedHandles().length > 0) {
+    // Reserve the complete list: the guard may remove an older announcement.
+    // New notices belong at the tail; replacing a step-numbered prefix would
+    // invalidate the entire cached conversation on every model call.
     const noticeTokens = estimateModelMessagesTokensWithKind({
-      messages: notices,
+      messages: [{ role: 'user', content: `[Tool output handles available: ${pendingHandles.map(h => h.id).join(', ')}]` }],
       providerId: input.providerId,
     }).tokens;
-    const finalGuard = applyStepBudgetGuard(body, {
+    const finalGuard = applyStepBudgetGuard(working, {
       contextWindow,
       reservedTokens: (input.reservedTokens ?? 0) + noticeTokens,
       maxOutputTokens,
       providerId: input.providerId,
       protectRecentMessages: protectRecent,
     });
-    working = [...notices, ...finalGuard.messages];
+    working = finalGuard.messages;
+    const handles = unannouncedHandles();
+    if (handles.length > 0) {
+      working = [...working, {
+        role: 'user',
+        content: `[Tool output handles available: ${handles.map(h => h.id).join(', ')}]`,
+      }];
+      didHandleNotice = true;
+    }
     budgetGuard.didAdjust = budgetGuard.didAdjust || finalGuard.didAdjust;
   }
   const didBudgetAdjust = integrity.didAdjust || stale.didAdjust || typed.didAdjust || budgetGuard.didAdjust;

infrastructure/ai/harness/turnDrivers/cattyMessageBuilder.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import {
   type AssistantContentPart,
   type CattyProviderContinuationContext,
 } from '../../aiChatStreamingSupport';
-import { redactSecretsInValueForModel } from '../modelSecretRedaction';
+import { redactSecretsForModel, redactSecretsInValueForModel } from '../modelSecretRedaction';
 import { fitLargeUserInputForModel } from '../largeUserInput';
 import type { ToolOutputStore } from '../toolOutputStore';
 
@@ -198,7 +198,6 @@ export interface BuildCattySdkMessagesInput {
   trimmed: string;
   attachments?: ChatMessageAttachment[];
   continuationContext: CattyProviderContinuationContext;
-  preserveTerminalToolResults?: ReadonlySet<ToolResult>;
   chatSessionId: string;
   toolOutputStore: ToolOutputStore;
   fieldsByMessage: Map<ModelMessage, OpenAIChatAssistantFields | undefined>;
@@ -212,7 +211,6 @@ export function buildCattySdkMessages(input: BuildCattySdkMessagesInput): ModelM
     trimmed,
     attachments,
     continuationContext,
-    preserveTerminalToolResults = new Set<ToolResult>(),
     chatSessionId,
     toolOutputStore,
     fieldsByMessage,
@@ -394,9 +392,12 @@ export function buildCattySdkMessages(input: BuildCattySdkMessagesInput): ModelM
               toolName: toolCall?.name ?? 'unknown',
               output: {
                 type: 'text' as const,
-                value: buildHistoricalToolResultReplayText(tr, toolCall, {
-                  preserveTerminalOutput: preserveTerminalToolResults.has(tr),
-                }),
+                // Live results are already bounded. Reformatting them merely
+                // because another user turn arrived breaks the cached prefix.
+                // Context-budget pruning still owns necessary reductions.
+                value: redactSecretsForModel(buildHistoricalToolResultReplayText(tr, toolCall, {
+                  preserveTerminalOutput: true,
+                })),
               },
             };
           }),

infrastructure/ai/harness/turnDrivers/cattyStreamProcessor.ts

@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ import {
 } from '../../cattyRequestTooLargeRetry';
 import { mapCattyStreamChunkToAgentEvents } from '../agentEventAdapter';
 import type { AgentEvent } from '../types';
-import type { ProviderAdvancedParams } from '../../types';
+import { resolveProviderStyle, type ProviderAdvancedParams } from '../../types';
 import type { CattyReasoningProviderOptions } from '../../cattyReasoning';
-import { createModelFromConfig } from '../../sdk/providers';
+import { createModelFromConfig, resolveProviderEndpoint } from '../../sdk/providers';
 import type { CattyToolsBundle } from '../capabilityTools';
 import { buildCattyToolApproval } from '../cattyToolApproval';
 import type { CattyRuntimeContext } from '../cattyRuntimeContext';
 import { buildCattyStreamTimeouts } from '../streamTimeouts';
+import { createCattyPromptCache } from '../cattyPromptCache';
 import {
   extractProviderContinuationFromRawChunk,
   mergeProviderContinuation,
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ import {
   type ToolOutputDeniedChunk,
   type ToolResultChunk,
 } from '../../aiChatStreamingSupport';
-import type { ChatMessage } from '../../types';
+import type { ChatMessage, ProviderConfig } from '../../types';
 
 export type CattyModel = ReturnType<typeof createModelFromConfig>;
 
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ export interface CattyStreamUiSink {
 export interface ProcessCattyStreamInput {
   streamSessionId: string;
   model: CattyModel;
+  providerConfig?: ProviderConfig;
   systemPrompt: string;
   toolsBundle: CattyToolsBundle;
   sdkMessages: ModelMessage[];
@@ -76,6 +78,7 @@ export interface ProcessCattyStreamInput {
 export interface ProcessCattyStreamResult {
   usage?: {
     promptTokens?: number;
+    cachedPromptTokens?: number;
     completionTokens?: number;
     totalTokens?: number;
   };
@@ -129,11 +132,15 @@ export async function processCattyStream(input: ProcessCattyStreamInput): Promis
 
   let runtimeContext = initialRuntimeContext;
   const { tools, toolsContext } = toolsBundle;
+  const endpoint = input.providerConfig
+    ? resolveProviderEndpoint(input.providerConfig, resolveProviderStyle(input.providerConfig), undefined)
+    : undefined;
+  const promptCache = createCattyPromptCache(systemPrompt, model.provider, endpoint);
 
   const result = streamText({
     model,
-    messages: sdkMessages,
-    instructions: systemPrompt,
+    messages: promptCache.prepareMessages(sdkMessages),
+    instructions: promptCache.instructions,
     tools,
     toolsContext,
     runtimeContext,
@@ -186,6 +193,7 @@ export async function processCattyStream(input: ProcessCattyStreamInput): Promis
         modelId: step.model.modelId,
         finishReason: step.finishReason,
         promptTokens: usage.inputTokens ?? 0,
+        cachedPromptTokens: usage.inputTokenDetails?.cacheReadTokens,
         completionTokens: usage.outputTokens ?? 0,
         totalTokens: (usage.inputTokens ?? 0) + (usage.outputTokens ?? 0),
       } as AgentEvent);
@@ -201,15 +209,17 @@ export async function processCattyStream(input: ProcessCattyStreamInput): Promis
           timestamp: Date.now(),
           turnId,
           promptTokens: usage.inputTokens ?? 0,
+          cachedPromptTokens: usage.inputTokenDetails?.cacheReadTokens,
           completionTokens: usage.outputTokens ?? 0,
+          reasoningTokens: usage.outputTokenDetails?.reasoningTokens,
           totalTokens: (usage.inputTokens ?? 0) + (usage.outputTokens ?? 0),
           estimated: false,
         } as AgentEvent);
       }
     },
-    ...(prepareStep ? {
+    ...(prepareStep || promptCache.enabled ? {
       prepareStep: async ({ stepNumber, messages, runtimeContext: stepRuntimeContext }) => {
-        const prepared = await prepareStep({
+        const prepared = await prepareStep?.({
           stepNumber,
           messages,
           runtimeContext: stepRuntimeContext as CattyRuntimeContext,
@@ -217,7 +227,7 @@ export async function processCattyStream(input: ProcessCattyStreamInput): Promis
         if (prepared?.runtimeContext) {
           runtimeContext = prepared.runtimeContext;
         }
-        return prepared ?? { messages };
+        return { ...prepared, messages: promptCache.prepareMessages(prepared?.messages ?? messages) };
       },
     } : {}),
     ...(advancedParams?.maxTokens != null && { maxOutputTokens: advancedParams.maxTokens }),
@@ -552,6 +562,21 @@ export async function processCattyStream(input: ProcessCattyStreamInput): Promis
   const usage = await result.usage;
   const finalStep = await result.finalStep;
   const performance = finalStep?.performance;
+  // onEnd can run before this consumer flushes its final text and creates the
+  // post-tool assistant message. Attach turn totals only after that flush.
+  if (usage) {
+    ui.updateMessageById(streamSessionId, activeMsgId, message => ({
+      ...message,
+      usage: {
+        inputTokens: usage.inputTokens ?? 0,
+        cachedInputTokens: usage.inputTokenDetails?.cacheReadTokens,
+        outputTokens: usage.outputTokens ?? 0,
+        reasoningTokens: usage.outputTokenDetails?.reasoningTokens,
+        totalTokens: (usage.inputTokens ?? 0) + (usage.outputTokens ?? 0),
+        estimated: false,
+      },
+    }));
+  }
 
   if (performance) {
     onAgentEvent?.({
@@ -571,6 +596,7 @@ export async function processCattyStream(input: ProcessCattyStreamInput): Promis
   return {
     usage: usage ? {
       promptTokens: usage.inputTokens,
+      cachedPromptTokens: usage.inputTokenDetails?.cacheReadTokens,
       completionTokens: usage.outputTokens,
       totalTokens: (usage.inputTokens ?? 0) + (usage.outputTokens ?? 0),
     } : undefined,

infrastructure/ai/harness/turnDrivers/cattyTurnDriver.ts

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ import {
   buildCattySdkMessages,
   collectOpenAIChatAssistantFieldsForMessages,
   collectPreservedTerminalWriteFingerprints,
-  collectToolResultsAfterMessage,
   createContinuationContext,
 } from './cattyMessageBuilder';
 import { hadToolProgressBeforeRequestTooLarge, processCattyStream } from './cattyStreamProcessor';
@@ -218,7 +217,6 @@ async function runCattyTurn(input: CattyTurnInput, ctx: TurnDriverContext): Prom
     const buildSdkMessages = (
       allMessages: import('../../types').ChatMessage[],
       includeCurrentUserMessage: boolean,
-      options: { preserveTerminalToolResults?: ReadonlySet<import('../../types').ToolResult> } = {},
       sessionContextCompaction = currentSession?.contextCompaction,
     ) => buildCattySdkMessages({
       allMessages,
@@ -227,7 +225,6 @@ async function runCattyTurn(input: CattyTurnInput, ctx: TurnDriverContext): Prom
       trimmed: modelUserText,
       attachments: includeCurrentUserMessage ? attachments : undefined,
       continuationContext,
-      preserveTerminalToolResults: options.preserveTerminalToolResults,
       chatSessionId: sessionId,
       toolOutputStore: ctx.toolOutputStore,
       fieldsByMessage: openAIChatAssistantFieldsByMessage,
@@ -399,7 +396,6 @@ async function runCattyTurn(input: CattyTurnInput, ctx: TurnDriverContext): Prom
       const headSdkMessages = buildSdkMessages(
         uiMessages.slice(0, compactedMessageCount),
         false,
-        {},
         undefined,
       );
       const compacted = await compactMessages(headSdkMessages, {
@@ -414,7 +410,7 @@ async function runCattyTurn(input: CattyTurnInput, ctx: TurnDriverContext): Prom
         };
         ui.persistContextCompaction?.(sessionId, nextCompaction);
         emitContextSnapshot(prepareMessagesForStream(
-          buildSdkMessages(uiMessages, false, {}, nextCompaction),
+          buildSdkMessages(uiMessages, false, nextCompaction),
         ));
       } else {
         // Non-durable outcome: keep the meter honest (full current context).
@@ -452,6 +448,7 @@ async function runCattyTurn(input: CattyTurnInput, ctx: TurnDriverContext): Prom
       await processCattyStream({
         streamSessionId: sessionId,
         model,
+        providerConfig: context.activeProvider,
         systemPrompt,
         toolsBundle,
         sdkMessages: streamMessages,
@@ -514,12 +511,7 @@ async function runCattyTurn(input: CattyTurnInput, ctx: TurnDriverContext): Prom
             assistantMsgId,
             sessionId,
           );
-          retryBaseMessages = buildSdkMessages(latestSession.messages, false, {
-            preserveTerminalToolResults: collectToolResultsAfterMessage(
-              latestSession.messages,
-              assistantMsgId,
-            ),
-          }, latestSession.contextCompaction);
+          retryBaseMessages = buildSdkMessages(latestSession.messages, false, latestSession.contextCompaction);
         }
         retryAssistantMsgId = generateId();
         ui.addMessageToSession(sessionId, {

infrastructure/ai/harness/types.ts

@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ export interface StepEndEvent extends AgentEventBase {
   modelId?: string;
   finishReason?: string;
   promptTokens: number;
+  cachedPromptTokens?: number;
   completionTokens: number;
   totalTokens: number;
 }

infrastructure/ai/openAIChatCacheUsage.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import test from 'node:test';
+import { normalizeOpenAIChatCacheUsage } from './openAIChatCacheUsage';
+
+test('adapts documented DeepSeek cache usage while preserving the rest of the response', () => {
+  const response = { choices: [], usage: {
+    prompt_tokens: 1000, prompt_cache_hit_tokens: 900, prompt_cache_miss_tokens: 100,
+    prompt_tokens_details: { other: 1 }, completion_tokens: 5,
+  } };
+  const parsed = JSON.parse(normalizeOpenAIChatCacheUsage(JSON.stringify(response)));
+  assert.deepEqual(parsed, {
+    ...response, usage: { ...response.usage, prompt_tokens_details: { other: 1, cached_tokens: 900 } },
+  });
+});
+
+test('preserves standard usage and rejects invalid cache counts without breaking stream data', () => {
+  for (const hit of [-1, 1.5, '900', 1001, null]) {
+    const data = JSON.stringify({ usage: { prompt_tokens: 1000, prompt_cache_hit_tokens: hit } });
+    assert.equal(normalizeOpenAIChatCacheUsage(data), data);
+  }
+  for (const data of ['[DONE]', 'not JSON', '{"usage":null}', '{"type":"message_start"}']) {
+    assert.equal(normalizeOpenAIChatCacheUsage(data), data);
+  }
+  const data = JSON.stringify({ usage: {
+    prompt_tokens: 1000, prompt_cache_hit_tokens: 900, prompt_tokens_details: { cached_tokens: 0 },
+  } });
+  assert.equal(normalizeOpenAIChatCacheUsage(data), data);
+});

infrastructure/ai/openAIChatCacheUsage.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/** Adapt DeepSeek's documented usage fields before the OpenAI SDK validates them. */
+export function normalizeOpenAIChatCacheUsage(data: string): string {
+  if (!data.includes('prompt_cache_hit_tokens')) return data;
+  try {
+    const body = JSON.parse(data);
+    const usage = body?.usage;
+    const hit = usage?.prompt_cache_hit_tokens;
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(hit) || hit < 0) return data;
+    if (Number.isFinite(usage.prompt_tokens) && hit > usage.prompt_tokens) return data;
+    // Preserve a provider's standard field, including an explicit zero.
+    if (usage.prompt_tokens_details?.cached_tokens != null) return data;
+    usage.prompt_tokens_details = { ...usage.prompt_tokens_details, cached_tokens: hit };
+    return JSON.stringify(body);
+  } catch {
+    return data;
+  }
+}

infrastructure/ai/providersBridgeFetch.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import test from 'node:test';
-import { isStepCount, streamText, tool } from 'ai';
+import { generateText, isStepCount, streamText, tool } from 'ai';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { createBridgeFetchForSDK, createModelFromConfig } from './sdk/providers';
 import type { OpenAIChatAssistantFields } from './providerContinuation';
@@ -1305,3 +1305,25 @@ for (const indexes of [[0], [1], [1, 4], [4, 1]]) {
       indexes.map(index => `call_${index}`).sort());
   });
 }
+
+test('non-streaming DeepSeek usage reaches the SDK as cached input', async t => {
+  const originalWindow = globalThis.window;
+  t.after(() => { globalThis.window = originalWindow; });
+  globalThis.window = { netcatty: {
+    aiFetch: async () => ({ ok: true, status: 200, data: JSON.stringify({
+      id: 'response', object: 'chat.completion', created: 0, model: 'deepseek-chat',
+      choices: [{ index: 0, message: { role: 'assistant', content: 'OK' }, finish_reason: 'stop' }],
+      usage: { prompt_tokens: 1000, completion_tokens: 1, total_tokens: 1001,
+        prompt_cache_hit_tokens: 900, prompt_cache_miss_tokens: 100 },
+    }) }),
+  } } as unknown as Window & typeof globalThis;
+  const result = await generateText({
+    model: createModelFromConfig({
+      id: 'fixture', providerId: 'custom', name: 'Fixture', enabled: true,
+      baseURL: 'https://provider.example.test/v1', apiKey: 'fixture', defaultModel: 'deepseek-chat',
+    }),
+    prompt: 'hello',
+  });
+  assert.equal(result.usage.inputTokenDetails.cacheReadTokens, 900);
+  assert.equal(result.usage.inputTokenDetails.noCacheTokens, 100);
+});

infrastructure/ai/requestPayloadCompression.ts

@@ -158,13 +158,19 @@ function compressContentPartForRequestRetry(part: unknown): unknown {
     const output = record.output;
     if (output && typeof output === "object") {
       const outputRecord = output as Record<string, unknown>;
-      if (outputRecord.type === "text" && typeof outputRecord.value === "string") {
-        const value = compressAndTruncateText(outputRecord.value, RETRY_MAX_TOOL_RESULT_CHARS);
-        if (value === outputRecord.value) return part;
+      const text = outputRecord.type === "text" && typeof outputRecord.value === "string"
+        ? outputRecord.value
+        : outputRecord.type === "json" ? JSON.stringify(outputRecord.value) : undefined;
+      if (text !== undefined) {
+        // Live SDK tool results are JSON, while persisted results replay as
+        // text. Apply the same reduction before their first model request.
+        const value = compressAndTruncateText(text, RETRY_MAX_TOOL_RESULT_CHARS);
+        if (value === text) return part;
         return {
           ...record,
           output: {
             ...outputRecord,
+            type: "text",
             value,
           },
         };

infrastructure/ai/sdk/providers.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { resolveOpenAIApi, resolveProviderStyle } from '../types';
 import { normalizeAnthropicSdkBaseURL } from '../anthropicCompatBaseUrl';
 import { buildSdkRequestHeaders } from '../providerRequestHeaders';
 import { normalizeOllamaSdkBaseURL } from '../ollamaCompatBaseUrl';
+import { normalizeOpenAIChatCacheUsage } from '../openAIChatCacheUsage';
 
 export { normalizeOllamaSdkBaseURL };
 import {
@@ -529,7 +530,7 @@ export function createBridgeFetchForSDK(
       };
 
       const unsubData = bridge.onAiStreamData(requestId, (data: string) => {
-        const normalizedData = normalizeOpenAIChatToolCalls(data);
+        const normalizedData = normalizeOpenAIChatCacheUsage(normalizeOpenAIChatToolCalls(data));
         captureOpenAIChatFields(normalizedData);
         // Re-wrap as SSE so the SDK can parse it
         enqueueChunk(encoder.encode(`data: ${normalizedData}\n\n`));
@@ -627,7 +628,7 @@ export function createBridgeFetchForSDK(
     // Non-streaming path
     const result = await bridge.aiFetch(url, method, headers, requestBody, providerId);
 
-    return new Response(result.data, {
+    return new Response(normalizeOpenAIChatCacheUsage(result.data), {
       status: result.status,
       statusText: result.ok ? 'OK' : 'Error',
       headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },

infrastructure/config/storageKeys.ts

@@ -321,3 +321,6 @@ export const STORAGE_KEY_DEBUG_UPDATE_DEMO = 'debug.updateDemo';
 
 // Portable monitor configuration. Runtime samples never use storage.
 export const STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_PANELS = 'netcatty_monitor_panels_v1';
+export const STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_TABLE_COLUMNS = 'netcatty_monitor_table_columns_v1';
+
+export const STORAGE_KEY_MONITOR_HIDDEN_COLUMNS = "netcatty_monitor_hidden_columns_v1";

scripts/fixtures/monitor-panels.html

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="root"></div>
+    <script type="module" src="./monitor-panels.tsx"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>

scripts/fixtures/monitor-panels.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+import React from "react";
+import { createRoot } from "react-dom/client";
+import { I18nProvider } from "../../application/i18n/I18nProvider";
+import { writeMonitorPanels } from "../../application/state/monitorPanelsStorage";
+import {
+  monitorActions,
+  publishMonitorSnapshot,
+} from "../../application/state/monitorRuntimeStore";
+import { MonitorPanels } from "../../components/vault/MonitorPanels";
+import type { Host } from "../../domain/models";
+import type { MonitorSnapshot } from "../../domain/monitorRuntime";
+import "../../index.css";
+
+const tokens = {
+  background: "210 25% 18%",
+  foreground: "210 20% 90%",
+  card: "210 23% 21%",
+  secondary: "210 20% 24%",
+  muted: "210 20% 22%",
+  "muted-foreground": "210 15% 65%",
+  border: "210 20% 30%",
+  primary: "170 70% 42%",
+  "primary-foreground": "210 20% 12%",
+  popover: "210 25% 20%",
+  "popover-foreground": "210 20% 90%",
+  destructive: "0 70% 60%",
+  input: "210 20% 30%",
+  ring: "170 70% 42%",
+};
+for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(tokens))
+  document.documentElement.style.setProperty(`--${key}`, value);
+document.documentElement.classList.add("dark");
+document.documentElement.style.setProperty("--radius", "8px");
+const root = createRoot(document.getElementById("root")!);
+let connections: string[] = [];
+let retries: {
+  id: string;
+  credentials?: { username: string; password: string };
+}[] = [];
+monitorActions.retry = (id, credentials) => {
+  retries.push({ id, credentials });
+};
+let revision = 0;
+let latestSnapshot: MonitorSnapshot;
+function seed(
+  count = 2,
+  view: "list" | "charts" = "charts",
+  locale = "zh-CN",
+  pointCount = 12,
+) {
+  const now = Date.now();
+  const hosts: Host[] = Array.from({ length: count }, (_, i) => ({
+    id: `host-${i}`,
+    label: `Production server ${String(i + 1).padStart(4, "0")}`,
+    hostname: `10.24.${Math.floor(i / 250)}.${(i % 250) + 1}`,
+    username: "fixture",
+    port: 22,
+    os: "linux",
+    distro: "ubuntu",
+    group: "Production",
+    tags:
+      i === 1
+        ? []
+        : [
+            "production",
+            "database",
+            "critical",
+            "east-region",
+            "long-tag-value-for-overflow",
+          ],
+    notes:
+      i === 1
+        ? ""
+        : "Primary database cluster. Contact the on-call engineer before restarting.\nMaintenance window: Sunday 02:00–04:00.",
+    createdAt: 1,
+  }));
+  writeMonitorPanels([
+    {
+      id: "fixture",
+      name: "Fleet overview",
+      description: "",
+      hostIds: hosts.map((h) => h.id),
+      view,
+      interval: 5,
+      range: 15,
+      sort: "manual",
+    },
+  ]);
+  const snapshot: MonitorSnapshot = {
+    historyMode: "replace",
+    runtimeId: "monitor-ui-fixture",
+    epoch: now,
+    takenAt: now,
+    running: ["fixture"],
+    count: 1,
+    hostCount: count,
+    activeSessions: [],
+    startedAt: { fixture: now - Math.max(60000, pointCount * 1000) },
+    hosts: Object.fromEntries(
+      hosts.map((host, i) => [
+        host.id,
+        {
+          historyId: host.id,
+          status: "live",
+          at: now,
+          stats: {
+            cpuPerCore: [],
+            memFree: 12288,
+            memBuffers: 0,
+            memCached: 0,
+            swapTotal: 0,
+            swapUsed: 0,
+            topProcesses: [],
+            netInterfaces: [],
+            cpu: 23 + (i % 60),
+            cpuCores: 8,
+            memUsed: 4096,
+            memTotal: 16384,
+            diskPercent: 35,
+            diskUsed: 35,
+            diskTotal: 100,
+            disks: Array.from({ length: i === 2 ? 10 : 2 }, (_, j) => ({
+              mountPoint: j ? `/data-${j}` : "/",
+              used: 35,
+              total: 100 + j * 50,
+              percent: 35,
+            })),
+            netRxSpeed: 240000,
+            netTxSpeed: 72000,
+            networkReady: true,
+            latencyMs:
+              i === 1 || i === 5
+                ? null
+                : i === 2
+                  ? 180
+                  : i === 3
+                    ? 450
+                    : i === 4
+                      ? 0
+                      : 12 + (i % 30),
+            responseLatencyMs: i === 5 ? 145 : null,
+            gpu: i === 0 ? 45 : i === 2 ? 0 : null,
+            gpuName:
+              i === 0
+                ? "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090"
+                : i === 2
+                  ? "NVIDIA Tesla T4"
+                  : null,
+            gpuMemUsed: i === 0 ? 8192 : i === 2 ? 0 : null,
+            gpuMemTotal: i === 0 ? 24576 : i === 2 ? 16384 : null,
+          },
+          points: Array.from({ length: pointCount }, (_, j) => ({
+            at: now - (pointCount - 1 - j) * (pointCount === 12 ? 5000 : 1000),
+            cpu: 20 + ((i + j) % 40),
+            memory: 25,
+            disk: 35,
+            rx: 200000 + j * 1000,
+            tx: 70000 + j * 800,
+          })),
+        },
+      ]),
+    ),
+  };
+  latestSnapshot = snapshot;
+  publishMonitorSnapshot(snapshot);
+  connections = [];
+  retries = [];
+  root.render(
+    <I18nProvider locale={locale}>
+      <div className="flex h-screen min-w-0 bg-background text-foreground">
+        <MonitorPanels
+          key={++revision}
+          hosts={hosts}
+          customGroups={["Production"]}
+          onConnect={(host) => {
+            connections.push(host.id);
+          }}
+        />
+      </div>
+    </I18nProvider>,
+  );
+}
+Object.assign(window, {
+  monitorFixture: {
+    seed,
+    connections: () => connections,
+    retries: () => retries,
+    status: (id: string, status: string, age = 0) => {
+      latestSnapshot = {
+        ...latestSnapshot,
+        takenAt: Date.now(),
+        hosts: {
+          ...latestSnapshot.hosts,
+          [id]: {
+            ...latestSnapshot.hosts[id],
+            at: Date.now() - age,
+            status: status as MonitorSnapshot["hosts"][string]["status"],
+          },
+        },
+      };
+      publishMonitorSnapshot(latestSnapshot);
+    },
+    refresh: () => {
+      latestSnapshot = {
+        ...latestSnapshot,
+        takenAt: Date.now(),
+        hosts: Object.fromEntries(
+          Object.entries(latestSnapshot.hosts).map(([id, state]) => [
+            id,
+            { ...state, at: Date.now(), points: [...state.points] },
+          ]),
+        ),
+      };
+      publishMonitorSnapshot(latestSnapshot);
+    },
+  },
+});
+seed(Number(new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("count")) || 2);

scripts/monitor-panels.live.cjs

@@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
+"use strict";
+// Real production monitoring components, isolated storage and deterministic readings.
+const assert = require("node:assert/strict");
+const fs = require("node:fs");
+const path = require("node:path");
+const { app, BrowserWindow } = require("electron");
+const temp = require("../electron/bridges/tempDirBridge.cjs");
+const profile = fs.mkdtempSync(temp.getTempFilePath("monitor-ui-"));
+app.setPath("userData", profile);
+let owner, vite;
+const errors = [];
+const wait = (ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+const run = (code) => owner.webContents.executeJavaScript(code);
+async function until(read, label) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < 150; i++) {
+    if (await read()) return;
+    await wait(30);
+  }
+  assert.ok(await read(), label);
+}
+async function click(selector) {
+  const rect = await run(
+    `(()=>{const e=document.querySelector(${JSON.stringify(selector)});e?.scrollIntoView({block:'nearest'});const r=e?.getBoundingClientRect();return r&&{x:r.x+r.width/2,y:r.y+r.height/2}})()`,
+  );
+  assert.ok(rect, selector);
+  owner.webContents.focus();
+  for (const type of ["mouseDown", "mouseUp"])
+    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({
+      type,
+      button: "left",
+      clickCount: 1,
+      x: Math.round(rect.x),
+      y: Math.round(rect.y),
+    });
+  await run(
+    "new Promise(r=>requestAnimationFrame(()=>requestAnimationFrame(r)))",
+  );
+}
+const watchdog = setTimeout(() => {
+  console.error("Monitoring UI acceptance timed out");
+  app.exit(1);
+}, 90000);
+async function main() {
+  const { createServer } = await import("vite");
+  vite = await createServer({
+    root: path.resolve(__dirname, ".."),
+    server: { host: "127.0.0.1", port: 0 },
+    logLevel: "error",
+  });
+  await vite.listen();
+  owner = new BrowserWindow({ width: 1280, height: 900, show: true });
+  owner.webContents.on("console-message", (event) => {
+    if (event.level === "error" || event.level >= 3) errors.push(event.message);
+  });
+  await owner.loadURL(
+    `http://127.0.0.1:${vite.httpServer.address().port}/scripts/fixtures/monitor-panels.html`,
+  );
+  await until(
+    () => run('document.querySelectorAll("[data-monitor-host]").length > 0'),
+    "monitoring renders",
+  );
+  const screenshot = async (name) => {
+    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "mouseMove", x: 1, y: 1 });
+    await wait(200);
+    await run(
+      "document.fonts.ready.then(()=>new Promise(r=>requestAnimationFrame(()=>requestAnimationFrame(r))))",
+    );
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+      path.join(profile, name),
+      (await owner.webContents.capturePage()).toPNG(),
+    );
+  };
+  const count = () =>
+    run('document.querySelectorAll("[data-monitor-host]").length');
+  const scroll = (selector) =>
+    run(
+      `(()=>{const e=document.querySelector('[data-section="vault-monitor-list"]');e.scrollTop=${selector};})()`,
+    );
+  const hover = async (selector) => {
+    owner.focus();
+    owner.webContents.focus();
+    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "mouseMove", x: 1, y: 1 });
+    await run(
+      "new Promise(r=>requestAnimationFrame(()=>requestAnimationFrame(r)))",
+    );
+    const point = await run(
+      `(()=>{const e=document.querySelector(${JSON.stringify(selector)});e.scrollIntoView({block:'nearest',inline:'nearest'});const r=e.getBoundingClientRect();return {x:r.x+r.width/2,y:r.y+r.height/2}})()`,
+    );
+    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({
+      type: "mouseMove",
+      x: Math.round(point.x),
+      y: Math.round(point.y),
+    });
+    // Tooltip grace areas update on movement; model the following mouse event
+    // that a real pointer produces rather than teleporting between triggers.
+    await run("new Promise(r=>requestAnimationFrame(r))");
+    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({
+      type: "mouseMove",
+      x: Math.round(point.x + 1),
+      y: Math.round(point.y),
+    });
+  };
+  const checkActionContrast = async (view) => {
+    const keys = ["accent", "accent-foreground"];
+    const saved = await run(
+      `Object.fromEntries(${JSON.stringify(["accent", "accent-foreground"])}.map(k=>[k,document.documentElement.style.getPropertyValue('--'+k)]))`,
+    );
+    await run(
+      `document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--accent','170 70% 42%');document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--accent-foreground','210 20% 12%')`,
+    );
+    await hover("[data-monitor-terminal=host-0]");
+    await wait(200);
+    const colors = await run(
+      `(()=>{const e=document.querySelector('[data-monitor-terminal=host-0]');return {background:getComputedStyle(e).backgroundColor,icon:getComputedStyle(e.querySelector('svg')).color}})()`,
+    );
+    const luminance = (color) =>
+      color
+        .match(/[\d.]+/g)
+        .slice(0, 3)
+        .map(Number)
+        .map((v) => v / 255)
+        .map((v) => (v <= 0.04045 ? v / 12.92 : ((v + 0.055) / 1.055) ** 2.4))
+        .reduce((n, v, i) => n + v * [0.2126, 0.7152, 0.0722][i], 0);
+    const a = luminance(colors.background),
+      b = luminance(colors.icon);
+    assert.ok(
+      (Math.max(a, b) + 0.05) / (Math.min(a, b) + 0.05) >= 3,
+      `${view} terminal icon stays visible on accent hover: ${JSON.stringify(colors)}`,
+    );
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+      path.join(profile, `monitor-${view}-action-hover.png`),
+      (await owner.webContents.capturePage()).toPNG(),
+    );
+    for (const key of keys)
+      await run(
+        `document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--'+${JSON.stringify(key)},${JSON.stringify(saved[key])})`,
+      );
+    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "mouseMove", x: 1, y: 1 });
+  };
+  app.focus({ steal: true });
+  owner.focus();
+  owner.webContents.focus();
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await run(
+      'Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("[data-monitor-host]")).map(e=>e.getBoundingClientRect().height)',
+    ),
+    [368, 368],
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    await run(
+      'document.querySelector("[data-monitor-host=host-0] [data-monitor-latency]").getAttribute("aria-label")',
+    ),
+    "延迟: 12 ms",
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    await run(
+      'document.querySelector("[data-monitor-host=host-1] [data-monitor-latency]").getAttribute("aria-label")',
+    ),
+    "延迟: --",
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    await run('document.body.textContent.includes("读数只保留在内存")'),
+    false,
+  );
+  await hover("[data-monitor-host=host-0] [data-monitor-notes]");
+  await until(
+    () =>
+      run(
+        'Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("[role=tooltip]")).some(e=>e.textContent.includes("Maintenance window"))',
+      ),
+    "full notes appear on hover",
+  );
+  await screenshot("notes-tooltip.png");
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "mouseMove", x: 1, y: 1 });
+  await checkActionContrast("charts");
+  await click("[data-monitor-terminal=host-0]");
+  assert.deepEqual(await run("window.monitorFixture.connections()"), [
+    "host-0",
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(
+    await run(
+      '!!document.querySelector("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail]")',
+    ),
+    false,
+    "terminal action does not open details",
+  );
+  await click("[data-monitor-host=host-0] > button:first-child");
+  await until(
+    () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-gpu]")'),
+    "GPU details appear",
+  );
+  const gpu = await run(
+    'document.querySelector("[data-monitor-gpu]").textContent',
+  );
+  for (const expected of [
+    "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090",
+    "45.0%",
+    "8.0 GiB",
+    "24.0 GiB",
+  ])
+    assert.ok(gpu.includes(expected), expected);
+  await screenshot("monitor-gpu.png");
+  await click("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail] button:has(.lucide-x)");
+  await click("[data-monitor-host=host-1] > button:first-child");
+  await until(
+    () =>
+      run('!!document.querySelector("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail]")'),
+    "non-GPU details open",
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    await run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-gpu]")'),
+    false,
+    "hosts without GPU have no empty GPU section",
+  );
+  await click("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail] button:has(.lucide-x)");
+  await run("window.monitorFixture.seed(6,'charts')");
+  await until(
+    () => run('document.querySelectorAll("[data-monitor-host]").length===6'),
+    "signal examples render",
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await run(
+      'Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("[data-monitor-latency]")).map(e=>Number(e.dataset.monitorSignalBars))',
+    ),
+    [4, 0, 2, 1, 4, 2],
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    await run(
+      `(()=>{const row=document.querySelector('[data-monitor-host=host-0]');const a=row.querySelector('[data-monitor-latency]').getBoundingClientRect();const b=row.querySelector('[data-monitor-tags]').getBoundingClientRect();return Math.abs((a.top+a.bottom)/2-(b.top+b.bottom)/2)<1})()`,
+    ),
+    "latency and tags are vertically centered",
+  );
+  await hover("[data-monitor-host=host-2] [data-monitor-latency]");
+  await until(
+    () =>
+      run(
+        'Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("[role=tooltip]")).some(e=>e.textContent.includes("180 ms"))',
+      ),
+    "signal tooltip has exact latency",
+  );
+  await hover("[data-monitor-host=host-5] [data-monitor-latency]");
+  await until(
+    () =>
+      run(
+        'Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("[role=tooltip]")).some(e=>e.textContent.includes("响应延迟（含远端处理）: 145 ms"))',
+      ),
+    "disabled keepalive still shows response latency",
+  );
+  await screenshot("monitor-signals.png");
+  await click("[data-monitor-host=host-2] > button:first-child");
+  await until(
+    () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-gpu]")'),
+    "idle GPU details open",
+  );
+  const idleGpu = await run(
+    'document.querySelector("[data-monitor-gpu]").textContent',
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    idleGpu.includes("0.0%") && idleGpu.includes("0 MiB"),
+    "zero GPU readings remain visible",
+  );
+  await click("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail] button:has(.lucide-x)");
+  await run("window.monitorFixture.seed(1200,'charts')");
+  await until(
+    async () => (await count()) > 2 && (await count()) < 80,
+    "charts render a bounded visible subset",
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    await run('document.querySelectorAll("[data-monitor-terminal]").length'),
+    await count(),
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    await run(
+      'Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("[data-monitor-host]")).every(e=>e.getBoundingClientRect().height===368)',
+    ),
+  );
+  await scroll("e.scrollHeight");
+  await until(
+    () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-host=host-1199]")'),
+    "last card can be reached",
+  );
+  await click("[data-monitor-terminal=host-1199]");
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await run("window.monitorFixture.connections()"),
+    ["host-1199"],
+    "recycled card opens the correct host",
+  );
+  await click("button:has(.lucide-list)");
+  await until(
+    () => run('!!document.querySelector("table")'),
+    "list view opens",
+  );
+  assert.ok((await count()) < 50, "list renders only visible rows");
+  for (const position of [0, 450, 100000]) {
+    await run(
+      `document.querySelector('[data-section=vault-monitor-list]').scrollLeft=${position}`,
+    );
+    await run("new Promise(r=>requestAnimationFrame(r))");
+    assert.ok(
+      await run(
+        `(()=>{const viewport=document.querySelector('[data-section=vault-monitor-list]');const action=document.querySelector('tbody tr td:last-child');return window.innerWidth-viewport.getBoundingClientRect().right>=15 && window.innerWidth-action.getBoundingClientRect().right>=15})()`,
+      ),
+      "sticky actions retain the right page gutter at every horizontal scroll position",
+    );
+    const geometry = await run(
+      `(()=>{const r=document.querySelector('tbody tr td:last-child').getBoundingClientRect();return {width:innerWidth,height:innerHeight,right:r.right,top:r.top,bottom:r.bottom}})()`,
+    );
+    const captured = await owner.webContents.capturePage();
+    const bitmap = captured.toBitmap();
+    const scale = Math.sqrt(
+      bitmap.length / (4 * geometry.width * geometry.height),
+    );
+    const pixelWidth = Math.round(geometry.width * scale);
+    const pixel = (x, y) => {
+      const start =
+        4 * (Math.floor(y * scale) * pixelWidth + Math.floor(x * scale));
+      return [...bitmap.subarray(start, start + 4)];
+    };
+    const backdrop = pixel(geometry.width - 4, geometry.top + 1);
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      pixel(geometry.right - 1, geometry.top + 1),
+      backdrop,
+      `top-right corner stays visibly rounded at scroll ${position}`,
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      pixel(geometry.right - 1, geometry.bottom - 2),
+      backdrop,
+      `bottom-right corner stays visibly rounded at scroll ${position}`,
+    );
+    assert.notDeepEqual(
+      pixel(geometry.right - 2, (geometry.top + geometry.bottom) / 2),
+      backdrop,
+      "rounded action still paints the row background",
+    );
+    if (position === 0) await screenshot("monitor-rounded-row-start.png");
+  }
+
+  await scroll("0");
+  await checkActionContrast("list");
+  const columnOrder = await run(
+    'Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("th")).map(e=>e.dataset.monitorColumn)',
+  );
+  assert.deepEqual(columnOrder.slice(-2), ["status", "terminal"]);
+  assert.equal(
+    await run(
+      `Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('th [role=separator]')).every(e=>getComputedStyle(e,'::after').backgroundColor==='rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)')`,
+    ),
+    true,
+    "column dividers are hidden at rest",
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(
+    await run('document.querySelectorAll("th [role=separator]").length'),
+    11,
+    "every column can be resized",
+  );
+  await scroll("0");
+  await until(
+    () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-host=host-2]")'),
+    "variable-height row is rendered",
+  );
+  await until(
+    () =>
+      run(
+        'document.querySelector("[data-monitor-host=host-2]").getBoundingClientRect().height>150',
+      ),
+    "all partitions determine row height",
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    await run(
+      `(()=>{const rows=[...document.querySelectorAll('tbody tr')];return rows.every((r,i)=>!i||r.getBoundingClientRect().top>=rows[i-1].getBoundingClientRect().bottom)})()`,
+    ),
+    "variable-height rows never overlap",
+  );
+  await click("[data-monitor-terminal=host-0]");
+  assert.deepEqual(await run("window.monitorFixture.connections()"), [
+    "host-1199",
+    "host-0",
+  ]);
+  assert.equal(
+    await run(
+      '!!document.querySelector("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail]")',
+    ),
+    false,
+  );
+  await run(
+    "document.querySelector('[data-section=vault-monitor-list]').scrollLeft=0",
+  );
+  const widths = {};
+  for (const key of [
+    "host",
+    "status",
+    "latency",
+    "tags",
+    "notes",
+    "cpu",
+    "memory",
+    "disks",
+    "network",
+    "updated",
+    "terminal",
+  ]) {
+    const selector = `[data-monitor-column=${key}] [role=separator]`;
+    const point = await run(
+      `(()=>{const e=document.querySelector(${JSON.stringify(selector)});e.scrollIntoView({block:'nearest',inline:'center'});const r=e.getBoundingClientRect();return {x:r.x+r.width/2,y:r.y+r.height/2,width:Number(e.getAttribute('aria-valuenow'))}})()`,
+    );
+    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({
+      type: "mouseDown",
+      button: "left",
+      clickCount: 1,
+      x: Math.round(point.x),
+      y: Math.round(point.y),
+    });
+    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({
+      type: "mouseMove",
+      x: Math.round(point.x + 28),
+      y: Math.round(point.y),
+    });
+    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({
+      type: "mouseUp",
+      button: "left",
+      clickCount: 1,
+      x: Math.round(point.x + 28),
+      y: Math.round(point.y),
+    });
+    await until(
+      () =>
+        run(
+          `Number(document.querySelector(${JSON.stringify(selector)}).getAttribute('aria-valuenow'))>=${point.width + 27}`,
+        ),
+      `${key} width responds to dragging`,
+    );
+    widths[key] = await run(
+      `Number(document.querySelector(${JSON.stringify(selector)}).getAttribute('aria-valuenow'))`,
+    );
+    assert.ok(
+      await run(
+        `(()=>{const h=document.querySelector('[data-monitor-column=${key}]');const i=[...h.parentElement.children].indexOf(h);const cell=document.querySelector('tbody tr').children[i];return Math.abs(h.getBoundingClientRect().width-cell.getBoundingClientRect().width)<1})()`,
+      ),
+      "header and body column widths stay aligned",
+    );
+  }
+  await run(
+    "document.querySelector('[data-monitor-column=host] [role=separator]').focus()",
+  );
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "keyDown", keyCode: "Right" });
+  widths.host += 8;
+  await until(
+    () =>
+      run(
+        `Number(document.querySelector('[data-monitor-column=host] [role=separator]').getAttribute('aria-valuenow'))===${widths.host}`,
+      ),
+    "column size can also be adjusted by keyboard",
+  );
+  await run("window.monitorFixture.seed(1200,'list')");
+  await until(() => run('!!document.querySelector("table")'), "list remounts");
+  for (const [key, width] of Object.entries(widths))
+    assert.equal(
+      await run(
+        `Number(document.querySelector('[data-monitor-column=${key}] [role=separator]').getAttribute('aria-valuenow'))`,
+      ),
+      width,
+      "column widths survive remounting",
+    );
+  await scroll("e.scrollHeight");
+  await until(
+    () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-host=host-1199]")'),
+    "last table row can be reached",
+  );
+  await click("[data-monitor-terminal=host-1199]");
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await run("window.monitorFixture.connections()"),
+    ["host-1199"],
+    "recycled row opens the correct host",
+  );
+  await run(
+    `(()=>{const e=document.querySelector('input[placeholder="搜索主机、分组、标签或备注"]');Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(HTMLInputElement.prototype,'value').set.call(e,'1199');e.dispatchEvent(new Event('input',{bubbles:true}));})()`,
+  );
+  await until(
+    async () => (await count()) === 1,
+    "filtering at the bottom does not leave a blank virtual viewport",
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    await run('document.body.textContent.includes("Production server 1199")'),
+  );
+  await run("window.monitorFixture.seed(40,'list')");
+  await until(
+    () => run('document.querySelectorAll("tbody tr").length>2'),
+    "unfiltered list restores",
+  );
+  await screenshot("monitor-list.png");
+  for (const width of [460, 1000]) {
+    owner.setSize(width, 900);
+    await wait(100);
+    await run("window.monitorFixture.seed(40,'charts')");
+    await until(
+      () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-host]")'),
+      "cards fit resized viewport",
+    );
+    assert.ok(
+      await run(
+        'Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("[data-monitor-host]")).every(e=>e.getBoundingClientRect().height===368)',
+      ),
+      "card height is fixed at all widths",
+    );
+    assert.ok(
+      await run(
+        "(()=>{const e=document.querySelector('[data-section=vault-monitor-list]');return e.scrollWidth<=e.clientWidth+1})()",
+      ),
+      "cards do not overflow horizontally",
+    );
+  }
+  await screenshot("monitor-charts.png");
+  for (const locale of ["en", "zh-TW", "es", "ru"]) {
+    await run(
+      `window.monitorFixture.seed(40,'list',${JSON.stringify(locale)})`,
+    );
+    await until(
+      () => run('!!document.querySelector("table")'),
+      "translated table renders",
+    );
+    assert.equal(
+      await run('document.body.textContent.includes("monitor.")'),
+      false,
+      "no missing translation keys",
+    );
+  }
+
+  const openColumnMenu = async () => {
+    const point = await run(
+      `(()=>{document.querySelector('[data-section=vault-monitor-list]').scrollLeft=0;const r=document.querySelector('thead').getBoundingClientRect();return {x:Math.round(r.left+40),y:Math.round(r.top+20)}})()`,
+    );
+    for (const type of ["mouseDown", "mouseUp"])
+      owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({
+        type,
+        button: "right",
+        clickCount: 1,
+        ...point,
+      });
+    await until(
+      () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-column-menu]")'),
+      "header right-click opens column choices",
+    );
+  };
+  await run("window.monitorFixture.seed(8,'list','zh-CN')");
+  await until(
+    () => run('document.querySelectorAll("th").length===11'),
+    "all columns start visible",
+  );
+  await openColumnMenu();
+  assert.equal(
+    await run(
+      `['host','terminal'].every(k=>{const e=document.querySelector('[data-monitor-toggle-column='+k+']');return e.getAttribute('aria-checked')==='true'&&e.getAttribute('aria-disabled')==='true'})`,
+    ),
+    true,
+    "host and terminal cannot be hidden",
+  );
+  const optional = columnOrder.filter((k) => !["host", "terminal"].includes(k));
+  for (const key of optional)
+    await click(`[data-monitor-toggle-column=${key}]`);
+  assert.deepEqual(
+    await run(
+      '[...document.querySelectorAll("th")].map(e=>e.dataset.monitorColumn)',
+    ),
+    ["host", "terminal"],
+  );
+  assert.ok(
+    await run(
+      '[...document.querySelectorAll("tbody tr")].every(e=>e.children.length===2)',
+    ),
+    "hidden headings and row cells stay aligned",
+  );
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "keyDown", keyCode: "Escape" });
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "keyUp", keyCode: "Escape" });
+  await run("window.monitorFixture.seed(8,'list','zh-CN')");
+  await until(
+    () => run('document.querySelectorAll("th").length===2'),
+    "column visibility survives reopening",
+  );
+  const hostWidthBefore = await run(
+    'document.querySelector("tbody tr td").getBoundingClientRect().width',
+  );
+  await run(
+    'document.querySelector("[data-monitor-column=host] [role=separator]").focus()',
+  );
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "keyDown", keyCode: "Right" });
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "keyUp", keyCode: "Right" });
+  await until(
+    () =>
+      run(
+        `document.querySelector('tbody tr td').getBoundingClientRect().width===${hostWidthBefore + 8}`,
+      ),
+    "host visibly resizes after other columns are hidden",
+  );
+  await openColumnMenu();
+  for (const key of optional)
+    await click(`[data-monitor-toggle-column=${key}]`);
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "keyDown", keyCode: "Escape" });
+  owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({ type: "keyUp", keyCode: "Escape" });
+  await until(
+    () => run('document.querySelectorAll("th").length===11'),
+    "hidden columns can be restored",
+  );
+  for (const view of ["list", "charts"]) {
+    await run(`window.monitorFixture.seed(3,'${view}','zh-CN')`);
+    await until(
+      () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-host=host-0]")'),
+      "status fixtures render",
+    );
+    for (const status of [
+      "login",
+      "error",
+      "disconnected",
+      "unsupported",
+      "queued",
+      "connecting",
+      "limit",
+    ]) {
+      await run(`window.monitorFixture.status('host-0','${status}')`);
+      await until(
+        () =>
+          run(
+            `document.querySelector('[data-monitor-host=host-0] button').getAttribute('aria-disabled')==='true'`,
+          ),
+        "unavailable host has disabled detail action",
+      );
+      assert.equal(
+        await run(
+          "getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('[data-monitor-host=host-0]')).opacity",
+        ),
+        "0.5",
+        "unavailable host is dimmed",
+      );
+      await click("[data-monitor-host=host-0] button");
+      assert.equal(
+        await run(
+          '!!document.querySelector("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail]")',
+        ),
+        false,
+        "unavailable host does not open details",
+      );
+    }
+    await run("window.monitorFixture.status('host-0','live',60000)");
+    await until(
+      () =>
+        run(
+          `document.querySelector('[data-monitor-host=host-0] button').getAttribute('aria-disabled')==='true'`,
+        ),
+      "stale readings cannot open details",
+    );
+    await click("[data-monitor-host=host-0] button");
+    assert.equal(
+      await run(
+        '!!document.querySelector("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail]")',
+      ),
+      false,
+      "stale host stays unavailable",
+    );
+    await click("[data-monitor-terminal=host-0]");
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      await run("window.monitorFixture.connections()"),
+      ["host-0"],
+      "login host can still open a terminal",
+    );
+    await run("window.monitorFixture.status('host-0','login')");
+    const recoveryPoint = await run(
+      `(()=>{const e=document.querySelector('[data-monitor-host=host-0]');e.scrollIntoView({block:'nearest',inline:'nearest'});const r=e.getBoundingClientRect();return {x:Math.round(r.left+30),y:Math.round(r.top+20)}})()`,
+    );
+    for (const type of ["mouseDown", "mouseUp"])
+      owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({
+        type,
+        button: "right",
+        clickCount: 1,
+        ...recoveryPoint,
+      });
+    await until(
+      () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-retry=host-0]")'),
+      "unavailable host context menu offers recovery",
+    );
+    await click("[data-monitor-retry=host-0]");
+    await until(
+      () => run('!!document.querySelector("#monitor-login-password")'),
+      "recovery dialog opens separately from details",
+    );
+    assert.equal(
+      await run(
+        '!!document.querySelector("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail]")',
+      ),
+      false,
+    );
+    await click("#monitor-login-password");
+    owner.webContents.insertText("fixture-password");
+    await click("[role=dialog] button[type=submit]");
+    await until(
+      () => run('!document.querySelector("#monitor-login-password")'),
+      "recovery clears password inputs",
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(
+      await run("window.monitorFixture.retries()"),
+      [
+        {
+          id: "host-0",
+          credentials: { username: "fixture", password: "fixture-password" },
+        },
+      ],
+      "recovery forwards one-time credentials to the existing monitor retry path",
+    );
+    await run("window.monitorFixture.status('host-0','live')");
+    await until(
+      () =>
+        run(
+          `document.querySelector('[data-monitor-host=host-0] button').getAttribute('aria-disabled')==='false'`,
+        ),
+      "recovered host enables details",
+    );
+    await click("[data-monitor-host=host-0] button");
+    await until(
+      () =>
+        run('!!document.querySelector("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail]")'),
+      "live host opens details",
+    );
+    await run("window.monitorFixture.status('host-0','login')");
+    await until(
+      () =>
+        run('!document.querySelector("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail]")'),
+      "unavailable details close immediately",
+    );
+  }
+
+  owner.setSize(1280, 650);
+  await run("window.monitorFixture.seed(3,'charts','zh-CN',1800)");
+  await until(
+    () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-host=host-0]")'),
+    "long monitoring history renders",
+  );
+  await click("[data-monitor-host=host-0] button");
+  await until(
+    () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-aside-scroll-viewport]")'),
+    "native monitoring detail scroll opens",
+  );
+  await until(
+    () =>
+      run(
+        `document.querySelector('[data-section=vault-monitor-detail]').getAnimations().every(a=>a.playState==='finished')`,
+      ),
+    "sidebar opening animation finishes before wheel input",
+  );
+  const wheelPoint = await run(
+    `(()=>{const v=document.querySelector('[data-aside-scroll-viewport]');const r=v.getBoundingClientRect();window.monitorRefreshTimer=setInterval(()=>window.monitorFixture.refresh(),200);window.monitorWheelProbe={events:0,blocking:0};window.monitorWheelListener=e=>{window.monitorWheelProbe.events++;if(e.cancelable)window.monitorWheelProbe.blocking++;};document.addEventListener('wheel',window.monitorWheelListener,{passive:true});return {x:Math.round(r.x+r.width/2),y:Math.round(r.y+180)}})()`,
+  );
+  for (let i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
+    owner.webContents.sendInputEvent({
+      type: "mouseWheel",
+      ...wheelPoint,
+      deltaY: -12,
+      deltaX: 0,
+      canScroll: true,
+    });
+    await wait(17);
+  }
+  await until(
+    () =>
+      run(
+        "document.querySelector('[data-aside-scroll-viewport]').scrollTop>200",
+      ),
+    "wheel reaches lower detail sections with a half-hour history",
+  );
+  const wheelResult = await run("window.monitorWheelProbe");
+  assert.ok(
+    wheelResult.events > 40,
+    "real wheel input reached monitoring details",
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    wheelResult.blocking,
+    0,
+    "detail wheel input does not wait for a cancellable handler",
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    await run(
+      "document.querySelector('[data-section=vault-monitor-list]').scrollTop",
+    ),
+    0,
+    "sidebar scroll leaves host collection in place",
+  );
+  await screenshot("monitor-native-detail-scroll.png");
+  await run(
+    "clearInterval(window.monitorRefreshTimer);document.removeEventListener('wheel',window.monitorWheelListener)",
+  );
+  await click("[data-section=vault-monitor-detail] button:has(.lucide-x)");
+  owner.setSize(1280, 900);
+  await run(
+    `(()=>{document.documentElement.classList.remove('dark');for(const [k,v] of Object.entries({background:'0 0% 100%',foreground:'210 20% 15%',card:'210 20% 97%',secondary:'210 20% 94%',muted:'210 20% 95%','muted-foreground':'210 10% 45%',border:'210 20% 88%',popover:'0 0% 100%','popover-foreground':'210 20% 15%'}))document.documentElement.style.setProperty('--'+k,v)})()`,
+  );
+  await run("window.monitorFixture.seed(40,'charts','zh-CN')");
+  await until(
+    () => run('!!document.querySelector("[data-monitor-host]")'),
+    "light cards render",
+  );
+  await screenshot("monitor-light.png");
+  assert.deepEqual(errors, [], "no renderer errors");
+  console.log(
+    JSON.stringify({
+      ok: true,
+      virtualHosts: 1200,
+      fixedCardHeight: 368,
+      terminalActions: true,
+      notesTooltip: true,
+      latencySignals: true,
+      gpuDetails: true,
+      statusBeforeAction: true,
+      allColumnsResize: true,
+      persistedWidths: true,
+      visibleColumns: true,
+      unavailableHosts: true,
+      nativeDetailScroll: true,
+      variableRowHeights: true,
+      filterAfterScroll: true,
+      locales: 5,
+      profile,
+    }),
+  );
+}
+app
+  .whenReady()
+  .then(main)
+  .catch(async (e) => {
+    console.error(e);
+    process.exitCode = 1;
+    if (owner && !owner.isDestroyed())
+      fs.writeFileSync(
+        path.join(profile, "failure.png"),
+        (await owner.webContents.capturePage()).toPNG(),
+      );
+  })
+  .finally(async () => {
+    clearTimeout(watchdog);
+    owner?.destroy();
+    await vite?.close();
+    app.exit(process.exitCode || 0);
+  });

types/global/netcatty-bridge-session.d.ts

@@ -327,6 +327,7 @@ declare global {
         netRxSpeed: number;           // Total network receive speed (bytes/sec)
         netTxSpeed: number;           // Total network transmit speed (bytes/sec)
         latencyMs: number | null;     // SSH transport ping on the existing session, not a second TCP dial
+        responseLatencyMs?: number | null; // Existing stats exec response, including remote channel setup
         netInterfaces: Array<{        // Per-interface network stats
           name: string;               // Interface name (e.g., eth0, ens33)
           rxBytes: number;            // Total received bytes